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This article proposes a greater emphasis upon the intellectual history of political studies in the UK. The limitations of conventional understandings of the disciplinary past are considered in relation to the 1950s & 1960s. The author seeks to challenge contemporary views of this period in two respects. First, he shows how the key institutions of the emergent discipline were formed for highly contingent reasons, & how they were underpinned by a disciplinary ethos that was inherited from the late 19th & early 20th centuries. Second, he draws attention to an important, & neglected, shift in disciplinary self-understanding in the late 1950s & 1960s, as figures like W. J. M. Mackenzie blended aspects of the dominant approach to political inquiry with newer ideas, thus generating an influential conception of a distinctively British political science. 65 References. Adapted from the source document.

The article investigates the influence of moral principles on historically developing social relations. The appeal to this problem is based on a conceptual approach to the origin of human morality, which arises in the course of sociogenesis as a set of behavioral principles that provide the intraspecific cultural (non-genetic) solidarity necessary for human societies. It is noted that the moral consciousness of individuals, which regulates interpersonal relationships, is a necessary but insufficient means for transmitting moral principles. Morality is expressed in the relationship between society and an individual. Society solves the problem of reproduction of moral regulators, it brings them into the nature of social relations by necessity. In this regard, attention is drawn to the role of elite groups in solving the aforementioned problem, in particular, it points out the peculiarities of the formation of an elite layer in Russian history. The elite is the bearer of moral images of social behavior, which expresses the attitude to public goals, interests, historical meanings of social life. The task of the elite is the implementation of these principles in the nature of social relations. The egoism of individuals and social groups can impede the solution of such a problem. Overcoming difficulties of this kind can be achieved by an awareness of history, which provides the basis for public consensus. The article focuses on the ethos of the "spirit of capitalism", which enters into the social environment through the principles of the organization of economic activity. The paper shows the relevance of the problem of interaction of economic ethics and moral foundations of society as a systemic whole.

Chromosome 18p deletion syndrome is caused by the deletion of a portion of genetic material on the short (p) arm of chromosome 18. Many of 100 prior case reports In the medical literature describing the dental health of subjects with this syndrome reported multiple carles associated with the syndrome. At the third annual International conference of The Chromosome 18 Registry & Research Society, dental examinations were carried out on nine children with chromosome 18p deletion syndrome and five of their unaffected siblings. The dental examination Included an intra‐oral evaluation of coronal decay and filled permanent teeth surfaces (DFS) and decayed and filled primary tooth surfaces (dfs) using a mouth mirror, explorer, and a high‐Intensity fiber optic light An evaluation of the data revealed that five of nine children with 18p deletion syndrome (56%) were free of tooth decay or a history of tooth decay. Four of the nine (44%) had tooth decay or a history of tooth decay. The prevalence of decay was quite similar in the genetically unaffected siblings. Three of the five (60%) unaffected siblings of the children with 18p‐ were free of tooth decay, whereas two of the five (40%) had tooth decay. One of the affected children had a missing mandibular left central incisor. None of the children had abnormally shaped teeth. The caries pattern seems to be similar to that reported in the NHANES III data collected In the United States from 1388–1991. Analysis of these preliminary data suggests that the risk for carles In chromosome 18p deletion syndrome may be lower than previously reported.

This collection brings to light many of the women whose labours were important to the creation and consumption of early modern English books, from those who gathered linen rags on the streets of London for paper production, to those who ran printing houses and financed the production of books, sold them, wrote them, edited them, owned and read them. The evidence of extant books reveals that women who worked beside their husbands in printing houses and bookshops sometimes exerted considerable influence over their shops' business decisions. Most of the identifiable women stationers were widows, who often sought to minimize their financial risk through a conservative approach to publishing. But some were more enterpreneurial, expanding the network of those with whom they worked and increasing the number and types of books they issued. In their roles as authors, editors, and annotators, women further extended their impact on the history of early modern books. By considering women from widely differing backgrounds who engaged in manual, commercial, familial and literary forms of labour, this collection recovers women's participation in book history as never before

The history of crime and punishment is an important, yet under-resourced area of criminology and criminal justice. This valuable book provides concise but robust definitions of key terms and concepts, going well beyond a simple explanation of the word or theme. Offering a succinct approach to the vocabulary and terminology of historical and contemporary approaches to crime and punishment, it includes entries from expert contributors in a user-friendly A-Z format with clear direction to related entries and further reading. Including explanations of terms ranging from 'garrotting' to The Bow Street Runners, baby farming to juvenile delinquency, this easily accessible text will be ideal for the reader to draw on across the variety of modules and studies relating to the topic

In The Ballad of Ayesha (2018), Anisul Hoque portrays a young woman named Ayesha and her sufferings in life after a sudden disappearance of her husband, an officer in Bangladesh Air Force, on a fated day in 1977. Ayesha determinedly fights off the woes of life and waits, with a secret hope, for her beloved husband's return. This tale, also, throws light on a period of extensive instability and bloodshed in the history of a newly independent Bangladesh, when a great mutiny in the armed forces was brutally suppressed by then military ruler General Ziaur Rahman in the aftermath of his ascent to power after the assassination of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in the hands of a group of military officers in 1975. The novel presents this history in the background of Ayesha's traumatic experiences which are presented in parallel to Behula's sufferings, a legend found in the popular Bengali folk-epic Manashamangal Kavya, in the wake of her husband Lakhinder's death by snake-bite on their bridal chamber because of goddess Manasha's wrath. The fiction, hence, intertwines the personal trauma of an ordinary village woman with the popular myth of Behula in the context of a dark historical chapter of Bangladesh. This paper, thus, investigates the representation of history and myth in this historical novel and argues that the narrative, while presenting individual traumas of Ayesha and Behula, ultimately foregrounds a period of national trauma in the political history of Bangladesh. Analyzing from a historicist perspective, the study opines that The Ballad also challenges some propagandist political narratives which intend to demean Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's contribution as the leader of Bangladesh and tries to uplift the military rulers as saviours of the nation. The paper thus points towards the novelist's intention to dig out some long buried truths of Bangladesh's political history in the early years of independence and present it to the modern readership through fiction.

ABSTRACT:Existing research in urban environmental history is often characterized by a narrow viewpoint or limited material reflecting the rationalist approach typical of white, middle-aged, middle-class and educated men. This orientation risks overlooking the viewpoint of the majority of urban dwellers: ordinary men, women, children, the elderly and different ethnic groups. The article focuses on the urban environmental history of children, because childhood forms the foundation for our relationship with nature. Environmental reminiscences offer fruitful material for the study of children's urban environmental history as well as children's contemporary relationships with the urban landscape. The article integrates aspects of urban history, environmental history and evolutionary psychology.

This is a definitive and comprehensive history of international organizations from their very beginning in 1815 up to the present day.

Among topics discussed: Early childhood memories of family and church; early twentieth century Savannah; segregated schools in Savannah; Dr. Ralph Mark Gilbert and the revival of the NAACP in Georgia; the establishment of a Georgia Federation of NAACP Branches; Gilbert, Primus King and Dr. Brewer's fight to end the white primary; YMCA; Gilbert and voter registration drives; John McGlockton; Ella Baker in Savannah; NAACP youth organization; voter registration "schools"; Johnny Bouhan and the Savannah political machine; John Kennedy and the birth of city management; desegregation of the police force; segregated lines for the "Freedom Train" (1948); Savannah's progressive race relations; Jackie Robinson; NAACP and the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers union; Gilbert and A.T. Walden, John Wesley Dobbs, and C.L. Harper; Georgia's attacks on the NAACP in the 1940s; NAACP youth organization and its concentration on black history and philosophy; John Clifford Hardwick III; Walter J. Leonard; learning to speak in public; World War II service; lobbying for youth causes; historical preservation; Mills B. Lane IV; early NAACP leaders; Dr. William Madison Boyd; D.U. Pullum and "Terrible" Terrell County; John Wesley Dobbs; Reverend Shropshire; NAACP and Martin Luther King Jr.; Churches and the NAACP; lunch counter sit‑ins (1960); mass meetings; Hosea Williams and voter registration; Rev. Oliver Wendell Holmes; grass roots movement. Mass meetings and the boycott of white stores; the Ku Klux Klan; Law fired from the U.S. Postal Service; Elliot Hagen; being named to the NAACP national board; Brown v. Board of Education; desegregation of Savannah's schools; Donald Hollowell; desegregation; reinstatement to the Postal Service; historic preservation of Savannah's black neighborhoods; voter registration campaign of 1946; Bouhan machine; Kelly Bryant; voting in Savannah; election day slow downs; the Mingledorf election; Judge Emmanuel Lewis; T.J. Hopkins; Colored Citizens Committee of Chatham County; political payoffs; desegregation of public facilities; redistricting Savannah; NAACP voter recommendations; block voting; mass meetings; Reverend Gilbert's early fights for equality; speaking styles of A.T. Walden, Dr. Benjamin Mays, Reverend Gilbert, and John Wesley Dobbs; Adam Clayton Powell and Gilbert; Frank W. Spencer and efforts to train black river boat pilots; black Savannah history. ; W.W. Law (1923-2002) was an active leader in the Savannah NAACP as well as the state organization from the 1950s to the 1990s, and is involved in African‑American historic preservation efforts.

Introduction / Wilma Mankiller -- My grandfather's axe : living with a Native American past / Colin G. Calloway -- Moving with the seasons, not fixed in stone : the evolution of Native American identity / R. David Edmunds -- Three stories of war : history and memory in an American Indian community / Laurence M. Hauptman -- "Our future is burning bright" : American Indian histories as continuing stories / Peter Iverson -- Wilma's jingle dress : Ojibwe women and healing in the early twentieth century / Brenda J. Child

The changing domestic political system in the history of Indonesia has contributed to the changing of the structure of Indonesian foreign policy making. Indonesian foreign ministry is a ministry that did not have organizational background and experience during the Dutch as well as Japan colony. This ministry has developed from very simple organization to be more complex and sophisticated. The development of the structure has been influenced by the dynamic of domestic political system and the key actors in decision making process, especially president. This book seeks to investigate the growing structure of foreign policy making. It is examined the domestic situation during the Independence War, Parliamentary Democracy, Guided Democracy, transition from the Old Order to the New Order, Soeharto era, post-Soeharto and Yudhoyono Administration and how the structure of Indonesia's foreign policy decision making formulated. Then, it is also observed the international situation which has been considered to be adopted by the structure. This book is the outcome of the assistance and advice of many individuals especially the colleagues of the Department of International Relations at Airlangga University Surabaya I would like to thank them. I would also like to record my gratitude to students who took subject course Indonesian Foreign Policy and inspired me in writing this book. Lastly, I am grateful for the support of my family especially my wife, dr. Siti Marsiyah, who always asks me the progress of this publication.