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Shipping list no.: 92-0471-P. ; "Commemorative edition, 1950-1992." ; Mode of access: Internet.

This paper aims to revisit the intellectual tension in the River Plate region surrounding a dispute between the Hungarian philosopher Desiderio Papp and the Argentine-Uruguayan physicist Félix Cernuschi when they were contenders for the Chair of Scientific Thought at the School of Humanities and Sciences of the Universidad de la República in Uruguay. Their disagreement was personal, political, and philosophical and divided the waters among the emerging community of physicists in the region and a group of actors who, for some time, had been devoted to the History of Science in the universities of the region. The History of Science constituted the battleground out of which it would emerge how science should be understood in a Uruguayan university that, historically speaking, had been remiss in providing an appropriate space for its development. In revisiting this event, this paper seeks to throw light on the present situation of an almost non-existent History of Science in Uruguay.

This Research article presents the criticisms that New Intellectual History in its version of History of political Languages makes to the History of Ideas. The antecedents of both historiographies are exposed and it is analyzed how the criticism made from the intellectual history incurs theoretical simplifications, where the history of ideas is reduced to the capture of the peculiarity and originality of ideas in Latin America, neglecting their political purposes, his commitment to the knowledge of the region and his decolonization and emancipation. It is argued that the type of analysis carried out by intellectual history questions the philosophical character and depoliticizes the history of ideas. It is concluded that, although the approach to the history of political languages allows us to analyze an interesting set of problems, it is not a matter of one historiographic model being replaced by another, but of the coexistence of epistemic and methodological pluralism. The methodology used for the research is textual hermeneutics. ; Este artículo de Investigación presenta las críticas que la Nueva Historia intelectual en su versión de Historia de los Lenguajes Políticos realiza a la Historia de las Ideas. Se exponen los antecedentes de ambas historiografías y se analiza cómo la crítica realizada desde la historia intelectual incurre en simplificaciones teóricas, donde se reduce a la historia de las ideas a la captación de la peculiaridad y la originalidad de las ideas en América Latina, descuidando sus propósitos políticos, su apuesta por el conocimiento de la región y su compromiso con la descolonización y la emancipación. Se sostiene que el tipo de análisis que realiza la historia intelectual cuestiona el carácter filosófico y despolitiza a la historia de las ideas. Se concluye que, si bien el enfoque de la historia de los lenguajes políticos permite analizar un conjunto interesante de problemas, no se trata de que un modelo historiográfico sea sustituido por otro, sino de la convivencia y la coexistencia del pluralismo epistémico y metodológico. La metodología utilizada para la investigación es la hermenéutica textual.

This Research article presents the criticisms that New Intellectual History in its version of History of political Languages makes to the History of Ideas. The antecedents of both historiographies are exposed and it is analyzed how the criticism made from the intellectual history incurs theoretical simplifications, where the history of ideas is reduced to the capture of the peculiarity and originality of ideas in Latin America, neglecting their political purposes, his commitment to the knowledge of the region and his decolonization and emancipation. It is argued that the type of analysis carried out by intellectual history questions the philosophical character and depoliticizes the history of ideas. It is concluded that, although the approach to the history of political languages allows us to analyze an interesting set of problems, it is not a matter of one historiographic model being replaced by another, but of the coexistence of epistemic and methodological pluralism. The methodology used for the research is textual hermeneutics. ; Este artículo de Investigación presenta las críticas que la Nueva Historia intelectual en su versión de Historia de los Lenguajes Políticos realiza a la Historia de las Ideas. Se exponen los antecedentes de ambas historiografías y se analiza cómo la crítica realizada desde la historia intelectual incurre en simplificaciones teóricas, donde se reduce a la historia de las ideas a la captación de la peculiaridad y la originalidad de las ideas en América Latina, descuidando sus propósitos políticos, su apuesta por el conocimiento de la región y su compromiso con la descolonización y la emancipación. Se sostiene que el tipo de análisis que realiza la historia intelectual cuestiona el carácter filosófico y despolitiza a la historia de las ideas. Se concluye que, si bien el enfoque de la historia de los lenguajes políticos permite analizar un conjunto interesante de problemas, no se trata de que un modelo historiográfico sea sustituido por otro, sino de la convivencia y la coexistencia del pluralismo epistémico y metodológico. La metodología utilizada para la investigación es la hermenéutica textual.

"In the years following the Glorious Revolution, independent slave traders challenged the charter of the Royal African Company by asserting their natural rights as Britons to trade freely in enslaved Africans. In this comprehensive history of the rise and fall of the RAC, William A. Pettigrew grounds the transatlantic slave trade in politics, not economic forces, analyzing the ideological arguments of the RAC and its opponents in Parliament and in public debate. Ultimately, Pettigrew powerfully reasons that freedom became the rallying cry for those who wished to participate in the slave trade and therefore bolstered the expansion of the largest intercontinental forced migration in history. Unlike previous histories of the RAC, Pettigrew's study pursues the Company's story beyond the trade's complete deregulation in 1712 to its demise in 1752. Opening the trade led to its escalation, which provided a reliable supply of enslaved Africans to the mainland American colonies, thus playing a critical part in entrenching African slavery as the colonies' preferred solution to the American problem of labor supply"--

The history and analysis of fascism has been a major theme of the first half century of the Journal of Contemporary History, and was a key interest of its founding co-editors, George L. Mosse and Walter Laqueur. Both made important contributions to the field, but their approaches were quite different. Mosse began his work on fascism earlier and, in a manner consistent with his other research, emphasized cultural and ideological aspects. He was arguably the first to draw attention to ideology as a coherent aspect for study and inaugurated the 'cultural turn' in the historiography of fascism long before this became generally fashionable. Mosse was a pioneer in research on popular culture and the visual arts in this area, as well as on the role and character of myth, developing what some scholars have termed an anthropological approach. He also expanded treatment of the development of racial thought and made a major contribution to studying the psychology and culture of nationalism and mass mobilization. Walter Laqueur entered the field somewhat later and stimulated work on the origins and comparative history of fascism. His books were not as innovative in methodology as those of Mosse, but broader in scope and chronological treatment, and sometimes more narrative in structure. Laqueur extended the inquiry to Russia and to the Middle East, areas in which he was a specialist, and also examined the possibilities of neofascism after 1945, as well as its relation to Islamism at the end of the twentieth century.

Systemic and political hostility against the left , real and contrived, has been a key, yet under-recognized aspect of the history of the modern world for the past two hundred years. By the 1820s, the new, exploitative and destabilizing character of capitalist industrial production and its accompanying market liberalizations began creating necessities among the working classes and their allies for the new, self-protective politics of socialism . But it is evident that, for the new economic system to sustain itself, such oppositional politics that it necessitated had to be undermined, if not destroyed, by whatever means necessary. Through the imperialism of the later 19th century, and with significant variations, this complex and often highly destructive dialectical syndrome expanded worldwide. Liberals, conservatives, extreme nationalists, fascists, racists, and others have all repeatedly come aggressively and violently into play against socialist oppositions. In this book, Philip Minehan traces the patterns of such hostility and presents numerous crucial examples of it: from Britain, France, Germany and the United States; the British in India; European fascism, the United States and Britain as they operated in China and Indochina; from Kenya, Algeria and Iran; and from Central and South America during the Cold War. In the final chapters, Minehan addresses the post-Cold War, US-led triumphalist wars in the Middle East, the ensuing refugee crises, neo-fascism, and anti-environmentalist politics, to show the ways that the syndrome within which anti-leftist antagonism emerges, in its neoliberal phase since the 1970s, remains as self-destructive and dangerous as ever

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on a qualitative study that examined how pre-service teachers (PSTs) used mobile technology and experiential learning to critically examine the processes that shape places over time. During Summer course work that occurred prior to beginning their field experience and student teaching, participants explored neighborhoods and public spaces, and researched the history as well as contemporary issues relevant to the places in which their future students live, play, work, shop, and go to school. The use of social media as a forum for sharing and reflecting upon their experiences provided opportunity to critique neoliberal and race-based public policies, as well as support reflection on the relationships between geography and teaching about social (in)justice in the social studies. Findings inform the work of teacher educators who seek to help teacher candidates think more deeply about how spatial contexts inform culturally sustaining and critically minded pedagogy in the social studies.


Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study included pre- and post-surveys and two one-on-one interviews between research participants and the researcher. Data were also gathered through the use of posts made by participants to a shared social media account. Interested in the interactive process of subjects and their surroundings, symbolic interactionism provided the methodological framework for this study.


Findings
Involvement in the study provided PSTs with new ways of thinking about how places are shaped over time and the importance of incorporating local intersections of geography and injustice in the classroom. Through experiential learning, PSTs developed a critical understanding of how place relates to who they teach, moved away from deficit thinking about people and places, and, as evidenced in the examples shared, approached lesson planning as place-relevant and culturally sustaining social studies educators.


Originality/value
The majority of students enrolled in teacher education courses in the USA remains white and it is well documented that most possess few cultural and geographic ties to the schools and students they work with as PSTs. Interested in the intersection of race, place, and teacher education, this paper discusses research conducted with 12 pre-service secondary social studies teachers (PSTs) who were enrolled in an eight-week Summer seminar course that preceded their Fall field experience and Spring student teaching placements to learn how they interpret their movement through spaces and their understanding of how geography, race, and agency intersect and impact students.

I.M. Reisner's works on Afghanistan laid the foundation for historical scientific research of this country. The compilation of geographical maps of the North of Afghanistan and the study of its history and culture in the post-war period (ethnic groups and political development) were carried out by researchers of the USSR. V.G. Korgun was one of the most prolific historical scientists in the field of Afghanistan studies, a leading spe-cialist and analyst on the entire spectrum of its problems. It is also worth considering the work of Kh.N. Nazarov on traditional deconstruction in Afghanistan. Certainly, we should not ignore the role of these studies in influ-encing and expanding relations between the USSR and Afghanistan. The USSR's studies on the history and culture of Afghanistan served as a basis for scientific and historical research in this country. The author of the article tried to determine the place of the USSR in the historical and cultural study of Afghanistan and through it to stabilize the growth of the scientific research environment of this country.