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The German physician Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) , is world-famous not only due to the fact that he was the most distinguished chairman in Pathological Anatomy, a new discipline at the German Medical Schools in the second half of 19th century. Virchow became well-known also by his further activities, especially his endeavours for reforming medicine on a scientific basis and his political commitment to healthcare and social politics. As a member of the liberal party Deutsche Fortschrittspartei he became a representative of the Prussian State Parliament Landtag and of the German Federal Parliament Reichstag. As a gifted author and as an untiring editor he founded and ran two different journals: In 1848/49 he published the weekly paper The Medical Reform in which he gave his support to a scientific reform of medicine and to a democratic change in society, writing that politics were "nothing else but medicine in the broader perspective". In 1847 he founded the Archives for Pathological Anatomy and Physiology and for Clinical Medicine which is published yet today under the name of Virchow Archiv. In this journal many different schools of scientific medicine were invited to publish the results of their research. Occasionally, Virchow himself wrote articles on medical epistemology or on social politics. When he died in 1902, Rudolf Virchow had edited 169 volumes of his journal. ; Der Mediziner Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) , ist nicht nur durch seine Tätigkeit als der bedeutendste deutsche Lehrstuhlinhaber für das in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts an den Universitäten etablierte Fachgebiet Pathologische Anatomie bekannt geworden, sondern mindestens ebenso durch seine weiteren Aktivitäten. Zu diesen gehörten sowohl das Bemühen um eine Reform der gesamten Medizin, die Virchow auf eine naturwissenschaftliche Grundlage stellen wollte, als auch sein politisches Engagement im linksliberalen Spektrum der Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik, das ihn als Abgeordneten bis in den Preußischen Landtag und den Deutschen Reichstag ...

in revue Francia (30/3 – 2003) ; International audience ; Compte rendu d'un ouvrage consacré au CDU dans la zone soviétique d'occupation en Allemagne

in revue Francia (30/3 – 2003) ; International audience ; Compte rendu d'un ouvrage consacré au CDU dans la zone soviétique d'occupation en Allemagne

in revue Francia (30/3 – 2003) ; International audience ; Compte rendu d'un ouvrage consacré au CDU dans la zone soviétique d'occupation en Allemagne

This article addresses reactions to the death of Emperor Hirohito and studies as well as judgements about his life and politics. In Japan, as well as in other countries, opinions are divided. At the center of these debates is the issue of the Emperor's role in Japan's entry into the Second World War. For politicians as well as scholars, Hirohito was either a war criminal or a helpless tool of the militarists. The majority of the Japanese people, however, held and still hold him in high esteem. The next generation of the Imperial family seems to be less distant to ordinary people and seems to be developing into a monarchy similar to those of European countries. The political changes in Japan during 1993 give the impression that the character of state and society have changed compared with late Shōwa Japan.