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Introduction. The article focuses on a critically important episode in the history of Russian Civil War on the Eastern Front – the conflict between the Supreme Governor of Russia Admiral Alexander V. Kolchak and Colonel Grigory M. Semyonov, commanding the 5th Pri-Amur Corps in November – December of 1918. Semyonov's nonrecognition of Kolchak's government after the coup d'état on November 18, 1918 and their heated exchange of telegraph cables led to a long-standing conflict in which the Supreme Governor failed to exert his authority over Semyonov, who was supported by the Japanese Expeditionary Corps. Methods and materials. Their confrontation ended only in May 1919 with concessions made by Kolchak, which was reciprocated with recognition of his authority by Semyonov. Further details on conflict dynamics are revealed in the papers of Maurice Janin, who headed the French military mission in Siberia, and had arrived in the Russian Far East in November 1918 as the chief of the Allied military mission in Russia. Analysis. En route from Vladivostok to Omsk, General Janin stayed in Chita on December 5–6, where he found himself in the middle of the conflict between the Supreme Governor and ataman. Janin's memoirs published in 1933 and documents from the collection of Service historique de la défense – the Archives center of the French Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces were used when putting this paper together, the latter made public for the first time. Details of conversations between Janin and ataman Semyonov, transcripts of his meetings with Japanese general Jiro Oba, negotiations by direct wire with France's High Commissioner to Siberia Eugène L.G. Regnault and Admiral Kolchak represent a significant contribution into the history of this conflict. From his arrival to Russia Janin noted the disunity of anti-Bolshevik movement. Results. The information on ataman Semyonov, as well as on Kolchak and his entourage that he collected in the Far East, and his failure to resolve the conflict in Chita led him first to a conservative, and then to an openly negative assessment of White movement's future outlook on the Civil War's Eastern Front.

"This book is a history of European interpretations of the gift from the mid seventeenth to the early twentieth century. Reciprocal gift exchange, pervasive in traditional European society, disappeared from the discourse of nineteenth-century social theory only to return as a major theme in twentieth-century anthropology, sociology, history, philosophy and literary studies. Modern anthropologists encountered gift exchange in Oceania and the Pacific Northwest and returned the idea to European social thought; Marcel Mauss synthesized their insights with his own readings from remote times and places in his famous 1925 essay on the gift, the starting-point for subsequent discussion. The Return of the Gift demonstrates how European intellectual history can gain fresh significance from global contexts"--Provided by publisher

The problem of how North American medievalists should deal with social and economic history is one which seems to have some importance the present time. Two recent articles in the JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY are concerned with this matter. So are two others which have just appeared in the American Historical Review and which, since they examine quantitative history in general, throw light on this problem. Because of this kind of current interest, it was decided to hold a special session devoted to social and economic history at the recent semicentennial anniversary meeting of the Mediaeval Academy of America. This session was preceded by a questionnaire sent to 105 medieval historians of the United States and Canada who represented every field study, every age group, and every geographic area of this continent. Seventy replies were received and a lively discussion took place later at the meeting itself, which some thirty scholars attended. This article represents an attempt to sum up the results of both the survey and the subsequent discussion because it should be of value not only to medievalists but also to a wider body of scholars who share an interest in economic and social history in general.

Still Learning: A 50 Year History of Monash University Peninsula Campus is an institutional history that brings the lives of students and staff – academic and extracurricular– into focus, and conveys the excitement and atmosphere of the times. Several of Australia's most famous artists, teachers, writers, politicians and entertainers studied at Peninsula Campus, and Still Learning connects significant moments in Australia's history to their time on campus. Well known children's writer Paul Jennings, artist and sculptor Peter Corlett and the incorrigible Max Gillies were all students at the institution. As editor of the student magazine Struan,Gillies made a name for himself in 1962 over the issue of censorship, at a time when censorship laws greatly impacted on the value of student reading materials. In the 1960s and 1970s a 'Miss Frankston' competition, which would not be countenanced today, was a popular event. Students writing in Struan enjoyed a staple diet of sport, social activities, rock music, sexual relationships, and interstate and overseas trips. They nonetheless complained of lack of funds for food! The 1970s were turbulent times in Australia, and the issues of the day played out in the lives of students and staff on the campus. Still Learning highlights the Portsea Annexe and the significant part it played as an external venue for teachers developing their classroom experience. In its in carnations as Frankston Teachers' College and the State College of Victoria at Frankston, the institution thrived. However, as the Chisholm Institute of Technology at Frankston it faced many challenges and entered into a period of relative decline.The timely merger with Monash University in 1990 slowly improved the campus's fortunes. Today, Monash University Peninsula Campus is a significant part of the southern hemisphere's largest university, with a vibrant campus and a key focusas a health precinct.

In the wake of mounting disasters of the last century, poets and philosophers de­veloped the notion of the total arbitrariness of history. In the wording of Karl Löwith, "the skeptic and the believer have a common cause against the easy reading of history and its meaning. Their wisdom, like all wisdom consists not the least in disillusion and resignation, in freedom from illusions and presump­tions". The Hegelian claim that history has an ultimate meaning, or final pur­pose, or goal was vehemently rejected, as well as Plato's utopia of a "just city". In his essays and poems, Brodsky postulates the randomness of history. He bor­rowed the notion of randomness from the book by Lev Shestov "The Apotheosis of Groundlessness". Shestov promoted the idea of mental nomadism, or freedom from causal thinking and scientism. For Brodsky, being a nomad mentally meant to escape from both rationalist interpretation of history and the theological idea of Providence. He believed that rationalism's greatest casualty was individual­ism. Besides, the doctrine of historical determinism and the notion of Provi­dence's general benevolence translated itself into a patient waiting for a Storm Trooper. Seeing problems with such patient waiting in place, such as deportation of Jews to death camps, Brodsky suggested that it would be much better to be­come a nomad. Brodsky developed his ideas against the foil of the Bible, the Re­public of Plato and Hamlet by Shakespeare. He described nomadism as Israel's Exodus from Egypt and the expulsion of poets from Plato's Just City.

History textbooks often cause friction in diplomatic relations between nations, especially between East Asian countries. Several studies have demonstrated that revisions to history textbooks can be the result of changes in a state's interests, resulting in different, often conflicting, accounts of historical events in history textbooks that represent the political ideologies of different nations. Despite the large number of studies of textbook content, there has been limited research examining the representation of specific historical events in the high school history textbooks of Mainland China and Taiwan. This investigation analyzed two widely used textbook series in Mainland China and Taiwan, focusing on the accounts of four armed conflicts — the Battle of Penghu, the First Sino-Japanese War, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the Chinese Civil War — to discover if these textbooks presented different accounts of these events and if so, if these accounts reflected the different ideological interests of these nations. Findings indicate that these textbooks do present different accounts of historical events and that these represent official historical narratives that reflect the differing political ideologies of Mainland China and Taiwan and that these narratives provide students with collective memories of the past that shape the national identities of Chinese and Taiwanese citizens.

Historical events are reflected in asset prices. We analyze movements in the price of bonds issued by five European governments and traded on the Swiss bourse between 1928 and 1948, with special attention to the war years. Some war events that are generally considered crucial are clearly reflected in government bond prices. This holds, in particular, for the official outbreak of the war and changes in national sovereignty. But other events to which historians attach great importance arenotreflected in bond prices, most prominently Germany's capitulation in 1945.

1. Lived Nation: Histories of Experience and Emotion in Understanding Nationalism- Ville Kivimäki, Sami Suodenjoki & Tanja Vahtikari -- 2. Lived Historiography: National History as a Script to the Past- Pertti Haapala -- Part I: Feeling and Conceptualizing the Nation -- 3. National Sentiment: Nation Building and Emotional Language in Nineteenth Century Finland- Jani Marjanen -- 4. Personal Nationalism in a Marital Relationship: Emotive and Gendering Construction of National Experience in Romantic Correspondence- Reetta Eiranen -- 5. Temporalization of Experiencing: First-Hand Experience of the Nation in Mid-Nineteenth Century Finland- Heikki Kokko -- Part II: Nation of Encounters and Conflicts -- 6. Divided Nation on Records: The Transnational Formation of Finnish Popular Music During the Gramophone Fever- Marko Tikka & Sami Suodenjoki -- 7. Red Orphans' Fatherland: Children in the Civil War of 1918 and Its Aftermath- Mervi Kaarninen -- 8. Guardians of the Soil and the Land? Smallholders Living Their Nation in Interwar Finland- Pirjo Markkola & Ann-Catrin Östman -- Part III: Experiential Edges of the Nation -- 9. National Belonging through Signed and Spoken Languages: The Case of Finland-Swedish Deaf People in the Late-Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth Centuries- Hanna Lindberg -- 10. The Ill(s) of the Nation: The Experience of Tuberculosis in Finland from the 1920s to the 1970s- Heini Hakosalo -- 11. Nimble Nationalism: Transgenerational Experiences of East Karelian Refugees in Finland and Sweden- Seija Jalagin -- Part IV: Nation Embodied and Materialized -- 12. Nocturnal Nation: Violence and the Nation in Dreams During and After World War II- Ville Kivimäki -- 13. Feeling the Nation Through Exploring the City: Urban Pedagogy and Children's Lived Experiences in Postwar Helsinki- Antti Malinen & Tanja Vahtikari -- 14. The Image of Marshal Mannerheim, Moral Panic and the Refashioning of the Nation in the 1990s- Tuomas Tepora -- Part V: Epilogue -- 15. The History of Experience: Afterword- Josephine Hoegaerts & Stephanie Olsen.

The ideological antagonism between the east and west resulted the catastrophic situation in the horizon of world politics during the cold war. The sobriety of the war was to counter each other capabilities and to establish a final form of idea that could be adhered by all the nations of this world. After the end of the cold war, all the capitalist nations were considered that the cold war was the benchmark of liberal democracy which had given a way to the end of history. The process of globalization has emerged as a wave of development, however, the values of capitalism are also being promoted through the process of westernization and democratic conversion. Paradoxically, china came as a dominant actor in the world politics and also gave a new interpretation of globalization under the light of her political communism, economic openness and social justice. Liberal democracy, due to interventionist policy of US, is facing a severe crisis in terms of identity politics and political decay. Chinese model of development would be an acceptable dream which can be accomplished through internal stability and external expansion. China has falsified the perception of the post-cold war and made a conducive environment for both development and globalization.

The article analyses the genesis of television documentary drama and its dual nature that causes much controversy among film theorists. The ontological characteristics of docudrama are considered, in particular its intrinsic connection with documentary theatre. Docudrama originated at the junction of feature films and documentary films at the time when directors raised important social and historical issues that occurred in the state. The docudrama prototype emerged long before the invention of television and is associated with the first newsreels and films of E. Curtis and R. Flaherty. This experiment had developed greatly with the advent of television, which is characterized by a combination of intimacy, focus on close-ups and the ability to tell stories based on real events. The article highlights the formation of documentary drama on BBC that explored all spheres of life with great interest - from British culture and history to social and political topics. The article traces the popularity and relevance of docudrama at the present stage and its settlement into a stable form. This allows to establish docudrama as an independent form of screen arts. The article studies also the formation and development of docudrama in Belarus that is first of all connected with the director Vladimir Bokun.

Among topics discussed: Sen. Jack Kennedy calling Gov. S. Ernest Vandiver at the Governor's Mansion; Martin Luther King, Jr., in jail; Gov. Vandiver calling George Stewart and Bob Russell; Russell as Mrs. Vandiver's brother; Judge Oscar Mitchell; reference to Harold Henderson's forthcoming book about Gov. Vandiver; relationship between Gov. Vandiver and Russell; preparing the Vandiver children for school; Russell's death in 1965; Republicans gaining ground in Georgia; problems during Vandiver administration: University of Georgia, Sibley Commission, county unit system, King; Judge Mitchell, DeKalb County, and King; inability of today's youth to comprehend living in early and mid-1900s; Mrs. Vandiver's reflections of history classes as a teenager; rationing during World War II; Russell serving as Marine in World War II; Gov. Vandiver's classmates at the University of Georgia; Griffin Bell; marriage during World War II; Mrs. Vandiver's reflections of how World War II changed Georgia and the United States as a whole. ; Sybil Elizabeth "Betty" Russell was a niece of U.S. senator Richard B. Russell Jr. She married Ernest S. Vandiver, and they had three children: Samuel Ernest III; Vanna Elizabeth; and Jane Brevard, who as Jane Kidd was elected in 2007 as the chair of the Democratic Party of Georgia.

"Long before the current preoccupation with "fake news," American newspapers routinely ran stories that were not quite, strictly speaking, true. Today, a firm boundary between fact and fakery is a hallmark of journalistic practice, yet for many readers and publishers across more than three centuries, this distinction has seemed slippery or even irrelevant. From fibs in America's first newspaper about royal incest to social media-driven conspiracy theories about Barack Obama's birthplace, Andie Tucher explores how American audiences have argued over what's real and what's not and why that matters for democracy. Early American journalism was characterized by a hodgepodge of straightforward reporting, partisan broadsides, humbug, tall tales, and embellishment. Around the start of the twentieth century, journalists who were determined to improve the reputation of their craft established professional norms and the goal of objectivity. However, Tucher argues, the creation of outward forms of factuality unleashed new opportunities for falsehood: News doesn't have to be true as long as it looks true. Propaganda, disinformation, and advocacy-whether in print, on the radio, on television, or online-could be crafted to resemble the real thing. Dressed up in legitimate journalistic conventions, this "fake journalism" became inextricably bound up with right-wing politics, to the point where it has become an essential driver of political polarization. Shedding light on the long history of today's disputes over disinformation, this book is a timely consideration of what happens to public life when news is not exactly true"--

Long before the current preoccupation with "fake news," American newspapers routinely ran stories that were not quite, strictly speaking, true. Today, a firm boundary between fact and fakery is a hallmark of journalistic practice, yet for many readers and publishers across more than three centuries, this distinction has seemed slippery or even irrelevant. From fibs about royal incest in America's first newspaper to social-media-driven conspiracy theories surrounding Barack Obama's birthplace, Andie Tucher explores how American audiences have argued over what's real and what's not—and why that matters for democracy.Early American journalism was characterized by a hodgepodge of straightforward reporting, partisan broadsides, humbug, tall tales, and embellishment. Around the start of the twentieth century, journalists who were determined to improve the reputation of their craft established professional norms and the goal of objectivity. However, Tucher argues, the creation of outward forms of factuality unleashed new opportunities for falsehood: News doesn't have to be true as long as it looks true. Propaganda, disinformation, and advocacy—whether in print, on the radio, on television, or online—could be crafted to resemble the real thing. Dressed up in legitimate journalistic conventions, this "fake journalism" became inextricably bound up with right-wing politics, to the point where it has become an essential driver of political polarization. Shedding light on the long history of today's disputes over disinformation, Not Exactly Lying is a timely consideration of what happens to public life when news is not exactly true