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The first five decades of the twentieth century mark an era where China experienced an industrial revolution. Globalization of capitalism brought major changes in the Chinese economy.1 Whereas China was initially characterized as a region that produced goods mostly to be used by its citizens, now the system changed and had numerous products being sent overseas to neighboring regions. In 1919, Chinese export products increased vehemently from a value of 486 in 1918 to 631 in 1919.2 The production of goods and other services were now at the large-scale level making most sectors in China grow as an industry.3 The devasted First World War had destructed imports and exports activities among various regions. Europeans in their bid to rebuild their political, economic, and social institutions focused on domestic affairs. ; https://thekeep.eiu.edu/lib_awards_2019_docs/1005/thumbnail.jpg

The demand for a democratic system of government in Indonesia is not only the demands of society but also constitutional demands. Therefore, regional autonomy is expected to be able to provide answers to both needs. Because the essence of local independence itself is a tangible form of the practice of democracy in society, in the way of giving autonomy to the region to advance its society democratically in various aspects of life, politics, social economy and culture, to answer the challenges in the era of globalization. Community involvement by empowering local community values is one surefire strategy in the process of democratization. Besides, bureaucratic reform is a necessity; therefore, a combination of allowing the benefits of local communities with the government bureaucracy system is an appropriate strategy for accelerating democratic development.

Abstract In the era of globalization, management of education is a factor that really needs attention from various parties in order to improve the quality of education. Management of Education for children is an effort as a form of parental, community, and government responsibility, which starts from the smallest scope, namely the family environment. Management of Education for children is closely related to figures who have a central role, namely parents (father and mother) as educators who are first, foremost for children and close to children. Hindu Kaharingan teachings have their own concepts related to the management of children's education which are important given early on so that children can grow up to have good character and character. Keywords: Management of Education for children, Hindu Kaharingan, Panaturan

Humans have evolved cognitive processes favoring homogeneity, stability, and structure. These processes are, however, incompatible with a socially diverse world, raising wide academic and political concern about the future of modern societies. With data comprising 22 y of religious diversity worldwide, we show across multiple surveys that humans are inclined to react negatively to threats to homogeneity (i.e., changes in diversity are associated with lower self-reported quality of life, explained by a decrease in trust in others) in the short term. However, these negative outcomes are compensated in the long term by the beneficial influence of intergroup contact, which alleviates initial negative influences. This research advances knowledge that can foster peaceful coexistence in a new era defined by globalization and a socially diverse future. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

The book critically analyzes the ongoing changes in the regional, intra-regional, and global dynamics of cooperation, from a multi-disciplinary and pluralist perspective. It is based on the insight that in a post-hegemonic world the formation of regions and the process of globalization can be largely disconnected from the orbit of the US, and that a plurality of power and worldviews has replaced US hegemony. In spite of these changes, most existing analyses of current changes in the world order still rely upon Western-centered approaches, and Westphalian thinking. Against this backdrop, the book proposes to advance a truly global IR understanding of the post-hegemonic world, and weaves together the pluralist and multi-disciplinary perspectives of scholars located all around the world.

The second edition of this formative collection offers analysis of the work rhetoric plays in the principles and practices of today's culture of democratic activism.Editors JongHwa Lee and Seth Kahn—and their diverse contributors working in communication and composition studies both within and outside academia—provide explicit articulation of how activist rhetoric differs from the kinds of deliberative models that rhetoric has exalted for centuries, contextualized through and by contributors' everyday lives, work, and interests. New to this edition are attention to Black Lives Matter, the transgender community, social media environments, globalization, and environmental activism.Simultaneously challenging and accessible, Activism and Rhetoric: Theories and Contexts for Political Engagement is a must-read for students and scholars who are interested in or actively engaged in rhetoric, composition, political communication, and social justice.

A growing body of research has contributed to understanding the labor market and political effects of globalization. This paper explores an overlooked aspect of trade-induced adjustments in the labor market: the institutional aspect. We take advantage of the two-tier collective bargaining structure of the Italian labor market, whereby the first tier entails setting minimum wages at the contract level. Using an instrumental variable strategy and exploiting variations in contract-level exposure to trade, we find for the 1995-2003 period that, on average, the surge in imports decreased contractual minimum wages by 1.5%. This impact increases in the share of unskilled workers employed in the contract. This negative institutional effect contrasts with a nonsignificant effect of trade on total wages, with the latter becoming positive and large only for highly skilled workers.

International audience ; Urbanization is the modus operandi of Vietnam's integration into globalization and the "urban civilization" project is part of the expression of a new authoritarian norm. The first part of the article discusses how the Vietnamese Party-State justifies its urbanization project. The second part returns to the modalities of strengthening the control of the political-administrative apparatus over the urban manufacturing process by the way of compromise and arrangements between actors. The last part focuses on the authoritarian nature of urbanization and addresses the increasingly sensitive protests of subordinates to the state domination. The author concludes that those left behind in development policy and urbanization, through their everyday demonstrations, point to the failure of the authorities to build consent in the field of urbanization.

Die Autoren warnen in ihrem Beitrag vor einem neuen Trend zur Autarkie unter dem Schlagwort "Technologiesouveränität", der die Wohlstandsvorteile der Globalisierung gefährdet. Sie sehen die zurückhaltende Industriepolitik Deutschlands als erfolgreich an. Die deutsche Politik sollte sich für den Ausbau des Europäischen Binnenmarktes einsetzen und sich weiterhin um offene Weltmärkte, faire Regeln und deren Einhaltung bemühen, statt zu einer Schwächung des Multilateralismus beizutragen. Die Autoren weisen darauf hin, dass für den Erhalt und Ausbau des Wohlstands in Deutschland Reformen im Inland die wichtigsten Faktoren sind. ; In their paper, the authors warn of a new trend towards autarky under the catchword of "technology sovereignty", which jeopardizes the benefits of globalization. They consider the reluctant industrial policy of Germany as successful. German policy should promote the development of the EU Internal Market and continue to support open world markets, fair rules and compliance, rather than weakening multilateralism. The authors point out that internal reforms are the most important factors in maintaining and expanding prosperity in Germany.

We present a theory of identity politics that builds on two ideas. First, voters identify with the social group whose interests are closest to theirs and that features the strongest policy conflict with outgroups. Second, identification causes voters to slant their beliefs of self and others toward group stereotypes. The theory yields two main implications: i) voters' beliefs are polarized along the distinctive features of salient groups; ii) economic shocks that render new groups salient bring about large and non standard changes in beliefs and policies across many issues. In particular, exposure to globalization or cultural changes may induce voters to switch identities, dampening their demand for redistribution and exacerbating conflicts in other social dimensions. We show that survey evidence is broadly consistent with these implications.

Brunei Darussalam is one of the country that has the more rigorous measurement on limiting alcohol consumption access in the world. The government of Sultanate adopts Islamic Crime Law which called Sharia Law to enforce in many patterns such as, banning absolutely to alcohol consumption for Muslims, banning to alcohol selling, Banning to alcohol consumption in public for Non-Muslims, Limitation of the consumer's minimum age and, Limitation of alcohol import. Nevertheless, the globalization streams, being the non-Muslim citizens in Brunei, and some international organizations, are pressuring on the royal government to ease the severe law. Thus, monitoring on these measures is quiet interesting. It cannot wait to see how Brunei's alcohol control measures do go on ; ประเทศบรูไนเป็นอีกประเทศหนึ่งที่มีมาตรการในการจำกัดการเข้าถึงการบริโภคเครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์ที่มีมาตรการค่อนข้างเด็ดขาด โดยรัฐบาลกษัตรย์ได้นำหลักกฎหมายอิสลามที่เรียกว่ากฎหมายชารีอะห์มาบังคับใช้ในหลายลักษณะ อาทิเช่น การห้ามบริโภคเครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์โดยเด็ดขาดที่บังคับกับชาวมุสลิม การห้ามจำหน่ายแอลกอฮอล์ในทุกรูปแบบ การห้ามบริโภคในที่สาธารณะของผู้ที่ไม่ใช่มุสลิม การจำกัดอายุขั้นต่ำของผู้บริโภค รวมทั้งการจำกัดปริมาณการนำเข้ามาในประเทศ อย่างไรก็ตาม ด้วยกระแสโลกาภิวัฒน์ประกอบกับประชาชนส่วนหนึ่งของบรูไนที่ไม่ใช่มุสลิม รวมทั้งกระแสการคัดค้านจากองค์กรระหว่างประเทศ จึงน่าจับตามองว่ามาตรการเหล่านี้จะมีความยั่งยืนต่อไปในบรูไนมากน้อยเพียงใด

International audience ; Urbanization is the modus operandi of Vietnam's integration into globalization and the "urban civilization" project is part of the expression of a new authoritarian norm. The first part of the article discusses how the Vietnamese Party-State justifies its urbanization project. The second part returns to the modalities of strengthening the control of the political-administrative apparatus over the urban manufacturing process by the way of compromise and arrangements between actors. The last part focuses on the authoritarian nature of urbanization and addresses the increasingly sensitive protests of subordinates to the state domination. The author concludes that those left behind in development policy and urbanization, through their everyday demonstrations, point to the failure of the authorities to build consent in the field of urbanization.

This is a qualitative study of perspectives from community members on landslides in Bududa, Uganda. Interviews with community members reveal their perceptions of the causes, effects, and aid response to landslides. We employ a 'structural fieldwork' approach to explain community member's thoughts and experiences using critical macro-comparative perspectives relating to political ecology. This research brings attention to how large-scale unequal relationships in trade and international aid increase landslide vulnerability and there are ineffective relief efforts in a particular locale. Linking environmental degradation in Bududa to political, economic, and social factors provides a broader context in which to view risk from landslides in this community, as a critical case in demonstrating how economic globalization benefits some at the expense of others.Keywords: Landslides, unequal exchange, disaster, NGOs, political economy

In the context of globalization, the success of a firm to sell its products on international and regional markets depends on the type of governance exercised in a given sector. This article mobilizes a theoretical framework of global value chain governance to analyze the type of governance exercised in the tea sector in Burundi. A qualitative analysis of data from a survey of 120 small tea farmers in the Ijenda and Teza areas reveals that control and coordination in the sector is ensured by captive governance. In addition, a stagnation of the price of the green leaf tea over a decade generates a lack of interest in the tea farming out on small farming areas. Only 25% of small tea farmers in Ijenda and 36% in Teza want an extension. ; Peer reviewed

Russia is an important global player that has witnessed the pressures and challenges of globalization, international economic liberalization and privatization. Since the early 1990s, Russia has been charting new paths towards democracy and market-oriented institutions. How did Russia's integration with the global economy reshape its power in internal political and economic gender frameworks? To answer this question this article maps out the gender impact of political and economic reforms under Yeltsin. We argue that some of these reforms fueled a conservative turn in social attitudes that legitimized gender inequalities in the political economy of Russia, marginalizing women both as workers and as political actors. Our findings suggest that the transition to a new political economy created new social risks with far-reaching consequences for gender equality.