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AbstractA large literature examines how citizens in violent conflicts react to the conflict's events, particularly violent escalations. Nevertheless, the temporal nature of these attitudinal changes remains under-studied. We suggest that popular reactions to greater violence are typically immediate but brief, indicating short-term emotional responses to physical threats. Over the longer term, however, public opinion is more commonly shaped by non-violent events signaling the adversary's perceived intentions, reflecting slower but deeper belief-updating processes. We support this argument using dynamic analyses of comprehensive monthly data from Israel spanning two full decades (2001–20). Rather than violence levels, we find that long-term changes in Jewish attitudes on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict follow non-violent events implying Palestinian preferences, particularly failed negotiations and out-group leadership changes. Our findings underscore the importance of public opinion's temporal dynamics and show that non-violent events, which are often overlooked in the literature, play a prominent role in shaping long-term attitudes in conflictual contexts.

Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) erhebt jährlich Umfragedaten zu sozialwissenschaftlich relevanten Themen. Der vorliegende ISSP Data Report - Religious Attitudes and Religious Change beruht auf ISSP-Daten, die zu drei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten innerhalb von 17 Jahren in bis zu 42 Mitgliedsländern zu Einstellungen gegenüber Kirche und Religion im weitesten Sinne gesammelt wurden. Jedes Kapitel wurde von unterschiedlichen Autoren der ISSP-Gemeinschaft geschrieben und beleuchtet mit Hilfe der ISSP-Daten spezielle Aspekte religiöser Einstellungen und religiösen Wandels im internationalen Vergleich. In der Gesamtschau ergeben sich sowohl Einblicke in das religiöse Leben verschiedener Länder, als auch insbesondere Erkenntnisse zu den Einflussfaktoren religiösen Wandels innerhalb von fast zwei Dekaden.

Diff's in racial att's between southern whites & Negroes are extreme & intensely felt. As southern Negroes become more militant & pol'ly powerful, & as the nat'l gov intervenes more vigorously in their behalf, the consensus within the 2 races & conflict between them produce problems for which the normal processes of compromise & accommodation are largely inoperative. The majority of neither race correctly perceives the att's of the other. Negro opposition to segregation is unlikely to change, & pressure from the rest of the nation is unlikely to diminish. The att's of white southerners are gradually being altered. In the `peripheral' South, the greater awareness by whites of Negro discontent, the existence of a signif minority of white moderates, & the growing number of Negro voters make the accommodation of racial conflict pol'ly possible. In the deep South, white awareness of Negro opinion & the number of white moderates & Negro voters are too small at present to permit white politicians to compromise. But forces within the South & from outside seem to be working in that direction. AA.

The attitudes of whites who have migrated between the South & other regions of the US are compared with the attitudes of native southern & nonsouthern whites using data from the 1972-1994 Cumulative General Social Surveys. Analysis indicates that nonsoutherners who have moved to the South continue to hold almost the same values in terms of gender roles & sexual, civic, & religious matters as other nonsoutherners. Southerners who have relocated outside the South, however, hold attitudes that are closer to those of nonsoutherners than to those of southerners. Placed in the framework of the theoretical literature on migration, southern migrants seem to be assimilating into nonsouthern culture & nonsouthern migrants appear to be retaining their views, leaving the South a more pluralistic region. 2 Tables, 1 Appendix, 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

Analysis of attitude towards various professions (attractiveness or prestige) is a integral part of studying the choice of profession. The dynamics of the attitude of young people to the studies indicates that it is clearly connected with the current situation and changes when new phenomena arise in it. Thus, in the data of the 1960s echoes of recent events are noticeable - the launch of the first Soviet "Sputniks", the Yuri Gagarin's flight. The connection with the demand for professions, one way or another related to science and technology, is obvious: the attractiveness of the occupations of scientists and engineers is great. During the years of economic difficulties and shortages, attention was drawn to the rise in the attractiveness of the professions of a seller, an accountant, which had previously been among the lowest rated. Then the time came when the leaders were professions of a bank employee, a lawyer, a businessman, a foreign trade worker, and scientists, teachers fell lower and lower on the scale of attractiveness. In the 2010s, a civil servant joined the leaders.

The opinions expressed in each subsequent year belong to a different cohort of young people. Analysis of the dynamics over a long period of time also allows one to draw conclusions about the characteristics belonging to different generations. At the same time, it is found that in order to interpret the data, it is necessary to consider the attitude towards classes in connection with the accumulated experience of the family as well. Family experiences are translated into educational and vocational orientations of children. This is confirmed by data on motivation and the actual choice of education and profession. The conclusion that the formation of youth orientations is associated not only with the perception of the current situation, but also with the social experience of previous generations, is based on the materials of over 50 years of data.

A scattering of recent research has studied the current political beliefs & attitudes of individuals identified as "1960s activists." In contrast to much of the treatment accorded such people in the popular media, this research tends to find most of these activists currently liberal on a wide variety of political topics. However, most of this research has had to assess any change in the activists' attitudes either by assuming the activists' past positions or by trusting to their retrospective reports. Here, presented are panel data, obtained at 2 points in 1965 & again in 1984, from 145 white activists, mostly students, who spent the summer of 1965 organizing voter registration drives in southern black communities. In some specific areas on which the activists tended to hold rather extreme positions in 1965, they may have moderated by 1984; however, their overall pattern of response on a wide variety of issues is basically stable over this 20-year period. 2 Tables, 11 References. AA

PurposeThe aim of this article is to investigate individuals' attitudes about organizational change, considering implementation of business process management (BPM) and resistance to change.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines the attitudes of subjects that experienced organizational change in the context of BPM in Brazil. In order to measure resistance to organizational change, 22 interviews were conducted using a script adapted from Pereira et al. (2019). The study considered two main agents: BPM implementers and end-users. Data were analyzed qualitatively via content analysis.FindingsThe results provided interesting insights. In relation to the individuals' attitudes, satisfaction, fear, stress and anxiety were the most frequently reported. However, opinions contradict the negative feelings expressed, given that organizational benefits, facility and pleasure at work and personal benefits were the most frequently reported. In regard to behavior, individuals approved change and in general accepted it. Finally, in terms of confidence in management, the subjects reported leadership and trusting their bosses as positive points.Research limitations/implicationsStudy limitations include the difficulty in finding end-users on LinkedIn, the fact that convenience sampling was used and the possible false memory of respondents.Originality/valueThe approach used in this study provided a relevant contribution to the area under study, primarily via the new findings, that is, elements of resistance to change that emerged from the data.

Differences in racial attitudes between southern whites and Negroes are extreme and intensely felt. As south ern Negroes become more militant and politically powerful, and as the national government intervenes more vigorously in their behalf, the consensus within the two races and conflict be tween them produce problems for which the normal processes of compromise and accommodation are largely inoperative. The majority of neither race correctly perceives the attitudes of the other. Negro opposition to segregation is unlikely to change, and pressure from the rest of the nation is unlikely to dimin ish. The attitudes of white southerners are gradually being altered. In the "peripheral" South, the greater awareness by whites of Negro discontent, the existence of a significant mi nority of white moderates, and the growing number of Negro voters make the accommodation of racial conflict politically possible. In the deep South, white awareness of Negro opinion and the number of white moderates and Negro voters are too small at present to permit white politicians to compromise. But forces within the South and from outside seem to be working in that direction.

Poll data collected in CA, 1984-1990, indicate that opinion volatility during ballot proposition contests often reflects mobilization of awareness more than conversion of opinions. Furthermore, little support is found for the hypothesis that media spending affected opinions on the propositions examined here. It is suggested that many voters are able to use cues other than advertising when making decisions. 10 Tables, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.

We examined whether or not implicit attitudes towards recycling and recycling behavior can be changed through evaluative conditioning. In the experimental condition, pictures depicting recycling were paired with pleasant images, and pictures depicting consumerism were paired with unpleasant
images. In the control condition, recycling and consumerism stimuli were randomly paired with pleasant and unpleasant images. Implicit attitudes were measured using the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). A virtual shopping task was used to assess recycling
behavior. Participants in the experimental condition had more positive associations with recycling than did those in the control condition, but no behavioral differences were found between the two groups. These results suggest that evaluative conditioning procedures can produce changes in
implicit attitudes towards recycling, but do not influence recycling behavior.