Suchergebnisse

Intro -- SOCIAL CHANGE IN IRAN -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- INTRODUCTION: Iran: An Eyewitness Account and Study of Social Change -- 1. Emerging Social Movements,Victories, and Setbacks in the Battle for Rights -- 2. State and the Socialization of Violence: A Narrative of Everyday Life -- 3. Children of the Islamic Republic-Part I: The Rise of a New Social Movement for Joy: A Narrative -- 4. Children of the Islamic Republic-Part II: Student Movement: Transcendence from a Movement against Rights to a Movement for Rights -- 5. Children of the Islamic Republic-Part III: The Politicization of the Movement for Joy: A Narrative of a New Student Movement in the Making -- 6. A Movement for a Free Press-the Vanguard of the Battle for Rights and Civil Society -- 7. State, Economy, and Civil Society-Part I: Wage Earners' Response to Economic Catastrophe -- 8. State, Economy, and Civil Society-Part II: Economic Decline, Divided State, and Policy Retreat: The Triumph of New Liberalism -- 9. Oil, International Division of Labor, and the Structural Crisis of the Iranian Economy: A Political Economy Analysis -- 10. The Great Debate: A Republic or VELAYAT-E FAGHIH? -- Conclusions -- Postscript -- Notes -- CHAPTER 1. EMERGING SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, VICTORIES, AND SETBACKS IN THE BATTLE FOR RIGHTS -- CHAPTER 2. STATE AND THE SOCIALIZATION OF VIOLENCE -- CHAPTER 3. CHILDREN OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC-PART I -- CHAPTER 4. CHILDREN OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC-PART II -- CHAPTER 5. CHILDREN OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC-PART III -- CHAPTER 6. A MOVEMENT FOR A FREE PRESS -- CHAPTER 7. STATE, ECONOMY, AND CIVIL SOCIETY-PART I -- CHAPTER 8. STATE, ECONOMY, AND CIVIL SOCIETY-PART II -- CHAPTER 9. OIL, INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR, AND THE CRISIS OF THE IRANIAN ECONOMY -- CHAPTER 10. THE GREAT DEBATE -- Bibliography -- BOOKS -- DOCUMENTS -- INTERVIEWS -- ARTICLES -- Index.

Abstract
This article aims to analyze the Gezi Park social movement, which started in Istanbul in 2013 and spread all over Turkey in a short time, in the context of class dynamics. In this context, firstly, the adequacy of examining the Gezi Park movement within the scope of new social movements will Gezi Park analysis as an example of social movement be emphasized. Secondly, the study will attempt to establish an alternative critical approach based on class. With this approach, class dynamics of the Gezi Park movement will be sought under the titles of historicity, antagonism, and holism.

As the first presenter in a symposium on social movements in the USSR, held 28 Nov 1989, Henry R. Huttenbach (City Coll, New York, NY), in In Support of Nagorno-Krabakh: Social Components of the Armenian Nationalist Movement, discusses the historical dimension of the politicogeographical dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh, an area of Armenian settlement that is now part of Azerbaijan. The roots of Russian control date from the seventeenth century, when Christian Armenian emissaries urged the Romanovs to liberate the Christians in Nagorno-Karabakh from Muslim control. Centuries of changing from Muslim to Christian domination have culminated most recently in Mikhail Gorbachev's decision, disappointing the Armenian nationalist movement, to leave Nagorno-Karabakh as part of primarily Muslim Azerbaijan, under some superivision of the central Soviet government. In How Political Are the Social Movements in the Baltic Republics?, Alexandras Shtromas (Hillsdale Coll, Mich) contends that the growing social movements in the Baltic states of Latvia, Lithuania, & Estonia (eg, the Lithuanian Sajudis), which were originally established to implement Gorbachev's policies of glasnost & perestroika, have now become independent political movements acting against the Soviet Communist Party & in favor of their respective nations' freedom. The history of the Sajudis & their Latvian & Estonian counterparts is outlined, & their future goals are delineated. IN Pamiat' as a Social Movement, John B. Dunlop (Hoover Instit, Stanford, Calif) explains that Pamiat' is more of a fringe phenomenon than a social movement, consisting of a small group of extremists within the Russian Republic, that attracted Soviet & worldwide attention when it staged a large raucous demonstration in May 1987, culminating in a meeting with (then) first party secretary of the Mowscow City Party Committee, Boris Yeltsin. Its chief, Dmitri Vasil'ev, described here as a "Russian Mussolini," defined the primary goals of the Pamiat' as: restoration of the Russian monarchy; reestablishment of the Orthodox Church; & recognition of the Russian people as a nationality with a consultative role in their own government. Vasil'ev's interpretation of these goals, however, is riddled with historical inaccuracies, & his projected implementation measures would repel most Russians, not to mention other Soviet nationalities. In Discussion, the three contributors not only respond to questions, & entertain suggestions from members of the symposium audience. J. W. Stanton

Abstract. On the basis of data on the Dutch peace movement, we study the relationship between traditional organizations of political intermediation such as parties, unions and churches with a new social movement on the local level. After having argued for the relevance of the institutional context, the general structure of new social movements and the particular structure of the movement under consideration with regard to this relationship, we first present evidence confirming our claims that we are dealing with new social movement. Then we show that the relationships in question are quite elaborate confirming the hypothesis that political activity within traditional organizations and new social movements is to some extent cumulative. More generally, the results imply that the development of the peace movement and other new social movements in the Netherlands is not indicating a diminishing legitimacy of the Dutch political parties.

This volume engages with new theoretical and methodological perspectives and illuminates novel aspects of transnational social movement dynamics, such as the evolving role of information technology, deterritorialisation and government counter-responses.

This article presents an ethnographic study of 'freegans', individuals who use behaviors like dumpster diving for discarded food and voluntary unemployment to protest against environmental degradation and capitalism. While freegans often present their ideology as a totalizing lifestyle which impacts all aspects of their lives, in practice, freegans emphasize what would seem to be the most repellant aspect of their movement: eating wasted food. New Social Movement (NSM) theory would suggest that behaviors like dumpster diving are intended to assert difference and an alternative identity, rather than make more traditional social movement claims. Through the lens of social dramaturgy, I engage with New Social Movement theory by arguing that unconventional tactics like dumpster diving can also have strategic components, serving to project a favorable image of movement organizations, recruit new participants, and achieve a positive portrayal in the mainstream media.

"Während sich in Europa immer mehr Menschen von den etablierten
Großkirchen abwenden, kam es seit den 60er Jahren zur Ausbreitung einer
Vielzahl von religiösen Bewegungen. Aus soziologischer Sicht stellt diese
Entwicklung eine Reaktion und Antwort auf Veränderungsprozesse in der
Gegenwartsgesellschaft dar: Ehemals klare Vorgaben in Lebensführung und
Sinnstiftung werden zunehmend unverbindlicher. Es bilden sich neue
individualistische Formen der Lebensgestaltung. Gleichzeitig werden dem
Einzelnen hohe Leistungskraft sowie ein großes Maß an Flexibilität, Mobilität
und Entscheidungsbereitschaft abverlangt. Dies führt zu starken
Verunsicherungen. Die neuen religiösen Bewegungen können in dieser
Situation zur Herausbildung von persönlichen Lebensführungskonzepten
und zur Identitätsbildung beitragen. Hinzu kommt als wesentlicher Faktor der
Globalisierungsprozess. Zunehmende weltweite Verflechtungen,
Migrationsbewegungen, verbesserte Reisemöglichkeiten und neue
Informationstechnologien führen zu einem verstärkten Austausch religiöser
Erfahrungen und zu religiöser Innovation.
In diesem Forschungspraktikum wurden einige Ausschnitte des breiten
Spektrums an neuen christlichen Gemeinschaften, religiösen bzw. quasireligiösen
Jugendszenen sowie esoterischen Suchbewegungen in Graz
untersucht." (Textauszug)

Questionnaire data gathered in 1985 from peace activists (N = 480) & residents (N = 700) in 6 Ur areas are used to examine the relationship between traditional Dutch organizations of political intermediation, such as parties, unions, & churches, with a new local level movement, the peace movement. After arguing for the relevance of the institutional context, the general structure of new social movements, & the particular structure of the peace movement with regard to this relationship, evidence confirming the existence of a new social movement is presented. It is shown that the relationship in question is quite elaborate, confirming the hypothesis that political activity within traditional organizations & new social movements is cumulative. The results imply that the development of the peace movement & other new social movements in the Netherlands does not indicate a diminishing legitimacy of Dutch political parties. 6 Tables, 2 Figures, 45 References. Modified HA

This article considers how we are to understand democratic media activism, which has recently burgeoned in Canada, the UK and the USA. What is its political significance and potential? Is it a new social movement, a new style of politics cutting across movements, or are new concepts needed? Drawing illustratively upon interviews with media activists, notably in Vancouver, we explore insights offered by social movement theory - including resource mobilization formulations and the new social movement theories of Melucci, Habermas, Cohen and Arato, and Fraser. While all these traditions offer valuable insights, media activism reveals limitations in existing conceptualizations. It has some of the characteristics of a movement, but lacks a distinct collective identity or niche within movement ecology. It may be destined to be a boundary-transgressing nodal point for other movements, articulating a coherent project for radical democracy, rather than a movement-for-itself.

The conventional wisdom that today's movements are led by a section of the `new middle class' is really the old functionalist theory of (post)modernizing elites that denies class analysis. The `young adult nucleus' thesis is proposed as an alternative theory. The leading social forces in movements in affluent countries are intellectual radicals and `advanced elements' from groups that experience some form of exploitation, oppression or collective hurt. They are Gramscian intellectuals as opposed to professional intellectuals. They are people who took the `opportunity during socialization' when young adults to choose what often became a lifelong `activist career' for social justice.

Social movements have become a constitutive part of contemporary societies, especially so in democratic contexts where the institutional conditions allow for movements to be formed and express themselves freely. They involve conflictual relations with clearly identified opponents, are linked by dense informal networks, share a distinct collective identity, and engage primarily – but not exclusively – in protest activities. Explanations of movement mobilization have typically stressed a number of key factors, or combinations thereof: in particular, grievances, mobilizing structures, political opportunities, and framing processes. This chapter provides an overview of some key aspects relating to the study of social movements. Given the breath of this field, it can only be very selective in doing so. The chapter first addresses the question of the definition of social movements. Then it moves on to looking at the ways in which they have been studied. Finally, it briefly discusses what movements leave behind them, that is, the issue of their outcomes and consequences. The chapter concludes with a summary of the most salient aspects addressed and some directions for future research.