Suchergebnisse

This study assesses consumers' willingness to purchase genetically modified (GM) food products with two different types of benefits: an input (i.e., reduced pesticides) and an output trait benefit (i.e., nutritionally enhanced). Data were collected using a telephone survey of an Italian households sample. Discrete choice approach is used to elicit the purchase intentions of the respondents. Four separate probit models are estimated to examine the effect of various factors on choices. Results suggest that majority of Italians are not willing to buy GM food products even if they are nutritionally enhanced. However, more consumers are willing to buy a nutritionally enhanced plant based GM product than a traditional plant based GM (with input trait benefit). Willingness to buy for a nutritionally enhanced animal based GM product and for a traditional animal based GM product with input trait benefit are similar. Consumers unwilling to buy GM food would not buy it even if it is nutritionally enhanced and has lower price. However, there is a niche of consumers who are willing to buy nutritionally enhanced GM food products even at a premium. Knowledge of science and trust in scientists consistently affect Italian consumers' willingness to buy the GM products.

The application of the hedonic price model to private attributes in several markets is relatively common (Monty & Skidmore, 2003). However, this technique's use to evaluate willingness to pay for (pure) public goods is rather limited, particularly in the tourism market. In fact, most of the beaches are important tourism resources and considered public goods. In other words, they are non-rivalry in consumption, specifically "the cost of additional users enjoying public attributes is zero". And also non-excludability in access, i.e., "after public attributes have been provided, it is not possible to exclude those users who have not purchased the product from enjoying/suffering them" (Rigall-I-Torrent & Fluvià, 2011, p.244). In this context, the growing number of beaches' visitors requires the engagement of governments to develop public policies capable of mitigating the adverse effects generated on these tourism resources, preserving them from the human/tourists activities (Rigall-I-Torrente & Fluvià, 2011; Alves, Rigall-I-Torrent, Ballester, Benavente, & Ferreira, 2015). In this sense, this research explores the use of hedonic price model assessing willingness to pay of visitors and evaluating the non-use value of Albufeira do Azibo, riverside beach, located in the Northeast of Portugal. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This study surveyed respondents in three disparate communities regarding their willingness to express their opinions about "Official English." The findings raised questions as to whether perceived media opinion influenced their willingness to "speak out." People were more likely to express their opinions when they perceived that national opinion (public and media) corresponded with their own opinions.

AbstractResearch on symbolic representation suggests that citizen–state interactions might benefit from public organizations' representativeness. Recent experiments on symbolic gender representation provide contradictory findings regarding the influence on citizens' co‐production intentions. This study conducts a wide replication based on new data to reexamine the positive impact of symbolic gender representation identified by Riccucci et al. (2016, Public Administration Review, 76(1), pp. 121–130). The applied survey experiment closely resembles the original design aspects. The experiment is set in criminal justice policy, a policy field featuring co‐production of core public services such as prisoner rehabilitation. The results do not confirm a positive effect of symbolic gender representation on willingness to co‐produce. Instead, several arguments point to citizens' perceptions of uncertainty related to the co‐production context and procedures as a boundary condition for the effects of symbolic gender representation.

This study investigated the willingness of 86 hypothetical supervisors to refer subordinates with five types of problems (AIDS, HIV‐positive, alcohol abuse, cocaine abuse, and job impairments) to an Employee Assistance Program (EAP). The overall hypothesis was supported. The more severe the worker's problem, the more likely supervisors were to engage in an EAP referral.

Manning M., Fleming C. M. and Ambrey C. L. Life satisfaction and individual willingness to pay for crime reduction, Regional Studies. This paper uses the life satisfaction approach to estimate the intangible cost of crime in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Results show that: (1) property crime is negatively associated with life satisfaction; (2) the implicit willingness to pay to decrease property crime by one offence per 1000 residents in the local government area (LGA) in the previous 12 months is A$82 per household (A$32 per person); and (3) the difference in implicit willingness-to-pay estimates when using restricted windfall income compared with household income is considerable. These results are robust to a significant number of controls.

We analysed determinants of willingness to help using a factorial survey approach (n=405 individuals, n=5937 vignettes). We tested the effect of situational characteristics and how characteristics of the bystander and the person in need influence willingness to help in hypothetical situations within the framework of a cost-reward model. We found that the situation itself has the strongest effect: willingness to help was strongest when the net gain of helping was positive, whereas it was weaker in situations when the cost of helping and cost of not receiving help were equal. These results provide support for the cost-reward model of helping and illustrate that the factorial survey approach could supplement or in some cases replace more widely used experimental methods (laboratory or field experiments).

Consistent and inexpensive energy access is pivotal for human development and sustainable living standard. Pakistan is facing a huge gap in the demand and supply of energy which is brewing since 2007. This study analysed the factor influencing the households' willingness to pay for the alternative energy source. Using a world bank data, collected from 8500 households our study presented the findings of the ordered logit model. Our results indicate that there exists a positive willingness to pay for energy alternatives for socio-economic characteristics and energy attributes. Besides, it indicates the affordability and cost-saving factor of potential alternative significantly influence the WTP for the alternative energy source. We suggested the policymakers to make policies to encourage the invention of the affordable energy products that result in reliable and long-running energy alternatives. Similarly, the financial assistance in the form of easily accessible loans, subsidies, and attractive instalments for the energy products.

Consistent and inexpensive energy access is pivotal for human development and sustainable living standard. Pakistan is facing a huge gap in the demand and supply of energy which is brewing since 2007. This study analysed the factor influencing the households' willingness to pay for the alternative energy source. Using a world bank data, collected from 8500 households our study presented the findings of the ordered logit model. Our results indicate that there exists a positive willingness to pay for energy alternatives for socio-economic characteristics and energy attributes. Besides, it indicates the affordability and cost-saving factor of potential alternative significantly influence the WTP for the alternative energy source. We suggested the policymakers to make policies to encourage the invention of the affordable energy products that result in reliable and long-running energy alternatives. Similarly, the financial assistance in the form of easily accessible loans, subsidies, and attractive instalments for the energy products.

Many anticorruption campaigns aim to encourage citizens to demand better control over corruption. Recent literature suggests that perceived high levels of corruption and government effectiveness in controlling corruption will limit citizens' willingness to actively oppose corruption. Using Transparency International's 2013 Global Corruption Barometer, we test these ideas across a 71-country sample. We find that perceived government effectiveness tends to encourage anticorruption civic action, while perceptions of corruption being widespread tend to have the opposite impact in non-OECD countries. Our analyses also suggest that the interaction between these perceptions is important; we find that, especially among those who perceive that the level of corruption is high, when confidence in the government's efforts grows, so does their willingness fight corruption.

This study examines households' willingness to support the emissions reduction policy by paying extra on their electricity bills and their perceptions of climate change using an internet survey of over 1,000 households in Queensland, Australia. The results showed that respondents' willingness to pay to support the emissions reduction target is higher if they perceive that climate change will result in high loss of biodiversity. Respondents were willing to support a higher emissions target than proposed by the Government. There is a correlation between respondents willingness to pay to support the emissions reduction and their beliefs about climate change, its effect on standards of living, the environment and future generations. Finally, the zero bids were further investigated using the non parametric Turnbull model and the more recent Spike model.The results showed that the level of support for the emissions reduction policy is not sufficient for the policy to be successful.

Community-Based Tourism (CBT) sites are often seen as a tool for poverty alleviation and eradication, especially in Least Developed Countries like Cambodia. CBT as a development tool has been critically examined in recent years in a development cooperation context, but also in academic literature. Two of the major discussion points are the approaches used both to establish, and ensure the financial sustainability CBT sites. This paper seeks to contribute to these discussions by examining the viability of the classical top-down CBT model in comparison to the bottom up approach to promote sustainable tourism development in Cambodia in consideration of the Sustainable Development Goals. The often-missing financial sustainability frequently happens due to a lack of management skills and a lack of knowledge of pricing in the communities. Based on this notion, this paper also contributes to the discussion by examining the willingness to pay of different target groups (i.e., locals, expatriates, and international tourists), and presents two argu- ments in support of a stronger emphasis of the local and, especially, the expatriate mar- ket. Firstly, expatriates display significantly higher willingness to pay than international tourists, and, secondly, expatriate support allows CBT sites to build an understanding of potential customers' needs, thereby supporting a more organic and sustainable growth. (ASEAS/GIGA)

This study shows that fans and people living in the region of 28 Football Bundesliga teams from all three divisions are willing to support their team financially. Survey respondents were asked for their willingness‐to‐pay to avoid a negative outcome (e.g., relegation) and to achieve a positive outcome (e.g., promotion). Fan bonds are applied as an alternative payment vehicle within the contingent valuation method. The results show that different factors affect the decision to support the team and the actual amount of willingness‐to‐pay—for attendees and nonattendees. Public goods are particularly relevant for reporting a positive willingness‐to‐pay. (JEL Z23, L83, H41)