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"Technology transfer has been the vanguard of progress and an inexhaustible fountain for productivity, empowerment, and convenience" (Mings, 1998). Since then, no consensus definition has been presented due to the complexity of the topic that requires time to evolve. (Bengoa et al., 2021). Considering the excellence in business management the process of technology transfer is certainly composed by advantages and disadvantages regardless its great importance on innovation management (Lager Hassan-Beck, 2021).From a broader perspective, research streams and important topics were identified by Bengoa et al. (2021) such as (a) technology transfer in university (academic entrepreneurship, intellectual property, new ventures, technology transfer offices, and university–industry relationship), (b) international technology transfer, (c) intra-firm technology transfer, (d) absorptive capacity, and (e) public innovation policies (Bengoa et al., 2021). Considering the various agents involved in technology transfer (transferors and transferees) and its bidirectional process, the authors highlighted that limited attention has been paid to detecting the difficulties and efforts in an effective university–industry relationship from the perspective of firms (Bengoa et al., 2021).Yet, due to the institutionalization of the technology transfer process in the university context, a wide array of organizational components dedicated to support this process has emerged (Good et al., 2019). Therefore, drawing upon a holistic view, this editorial point out organizational perspectives that support the ecosystem of commercialization of university technological research, hereafter referred to as technology transfer to bring a relevant framework for analyzing the different organizational components that encompass the related challenges.We assume this organizational perspective also considering that a recent literature points to the emergence of new modes for the facilitation of academic entrepreneurship, such as university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems and accelerators (Balven et al., 2018; Schaeffer Matt, 2016; Siegel Wright, 2015) which do rely on an organizational purpose, stablished activities, structure of organization and people to support the process of developing and transferring technologies.Organizational purpose reflects the first perspective of this holistic view meaning the main reason for firms' existence or their conception of the desired ends. From the purpose, firms define the activities, the second perspective, which consist of the different tasks performed to fulfil the purpose. Supporting the performance of these activities, firms design an ownership structure, the third perspective, that formally indicates how activities and tasks are divided between individuals and groups of individuals commonly considered to have a significant impact on technology transfer performance. The fourth perspective, people and organizational culture typically considered to be the shared social knowledge including the values, norms and rules, which in turn can shape individuals behavior (Colquitt et al., 2008; Good et al., 2019; Nadler et al., 1997; Scott, 1992).To cover the different stages of commercialization of technologies and more likely successful outcomes, indeed, technology transfer offices is characterized as an organizational purpose in the literature tend to focus either on licensing technology or forming a firm around a technology (Bozeman et al., 2015; Schaeffer Matt, 2016). While, science parks (Díez-Vial Montoro-Sánchez, 2016), incubators (Bergek Norrman, 2008), and university venture funds (Pierrakis Saridakis, 2019) are purposes more concerned with ensuring that the firm formed around successfully university technologies to build commercial products. Together these organizational purposes are likely to provide a complete coverage of the distinct stages of technology transfer process into an ecosystem.The extent activities in technology transfer led firms at early-stage development (e.g., support for research and intellectual property rights) to later stages (e.g., property management, business support, or network development). However, one activity that appear as a common sense is the substantial extent in internal and external networking with the purpose of supporting the commercialization of technology. According to Good et al. (2019), these boundaries that span network activities may be redundant or complementary and may prevent or foster competitive service providers rather than partners in the effective commercialization of university technology.Regarding the elements of structure, the literature presents overlaps in its components being common in terms of ownership, governance, and physical location. The unity in terms of ownership prevails the university. As standalone structures are quite common, firms prefer to own the others to evolve in technology transfer instead of new emerging structures such as enterprise labs and garages, or offices of engagement (Pauwels et al., 2016; Wright et al., 2017). Further, university' size and location are major differences identified in the literature as structure issues.People and organizational culture elements are important shortcomings in the literature. Some capabilities frequently appear in the research such as capability to understand complex technologies, experience in intellectual property rights, understanding of the academic environment and how technological research is conducted (Jefferson et al., 2017). However, composition of, and evolution in, the teams of technology transfer and their role distribution and identity are critical aspects highlights as absent. Entrepreneurial culture, Intra- and inter-individual micro-processes, the role of leaders in the evolution of the ecosystem to support technology transfer are new avenues for academic research presented by Good et al. (2019).Overall, little is known about the effect of technology transfer from industry's side and even less from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which relatively more adept at absorbing knowledge from external sources, such as universities comparing to large firms (Feldman et al., 2002). Cultural and informational barriers between universities and firms, especially for smaller may be additional impediments for technology transfer (Bengoa et al., 2021; Good et al., 2019) and deserve more attention from researchers.Furthermore, the impact of academic entrepreneurship beyond the activities of licensing, patenting, or creating new ventures, for example, more informal activities and initiatives that may require new structures or management systems to implement them should be part of the new generation of publications (Bengoa et al., 2021). In the future, the challenges associated with information security in society should also impact advances in this research field, since cyber-attacks arise through connectivity with direct implications for technology and knowledge transfer.

Problem setting. Aspects of leadership have been studied throughout the entire history of humanity, and since the 80s of the 20th century it has become a subject of systematic research of various sciences, scientific investigations of ways and means of development of leadership qualities of a person have been carried out [25, p. 73]. The phenomenon of leadership is extremely rich in its manifestations and functions and depends on historical epochs, types of political systems, specific situation, peculiarities of leaders and their constituents and other factors [25, p. 76].Accordingly, during the critical period in the development of the Ukrainian society, the old principles of governance lose their efficiency and stop to work. It becomes difficult to exercise leadership in a world where creativity is valued more than diligence, indicating a change in the nature of the leadership phenomenon. Taking into account that Ukraine is currently in a zone of turbulence, there is an urgent need to improve approaches to human resource management in the system of public authorities. Therefore, aspects of enhancing the effectiveness of management and leadership in the public service are still gaining relevance in further research.In our publication we will focus on our own thoughts on the development of leadership in general and leadership in public service on the basis of analysis of the source base of scientific research on leadership.Recent research and publications analysis shows that the problem of leadership in public administration is constantly in the sight of the scientists who are trying to grasp all edges of the leadership phenomenon. However, this topic is still more thoroughly designed and developed by foreign scientists, among them: A. Adler, K. Lewin, R. Bales, R. Tannenbaum, I.Weschler and F. Masaryk, P. Drucker, F. Fiedler, V. Vroom, F. Yeatton, M. Mescon, P. Hersi and C. Blanchard, W. Bass, Conger and R. Kanungo, A. Fllley, R. House, S. Kerr, B. Chester, C. Shrishame, F. Fiedler and others. The scientific paths of formation and development of leadership were also studied by native scientists. These include T. Vasylevska, N. Honcharuk, I.Hrishchenko, S. Derzhanovska, A. Kliuchnikov, A. Lipentsev, L. Pashko, A.Pakhariev, T. Pidlisna, L. Prykhodchenko, A. Rachynskii, I. Surai, S. Seriohin, V.Tolkovanov, P. Khaitov and others. At the same time, the leadership of the civil service was repeatedly emphasized by NAPA (National Academy for Public Administration) scientists O. Parkhomenko-Kutsevil, O. Piddubchak, V. Poberezhnaia, N. Popadiuk, P. Sydorenko, R. Storozhev, S. Chernova, S. Haiduchenko, and others. Some positions of works of these scientists are used in the further for substantiation of own understanding of leadership.At the same time, the largest Google search engine for the query «leadership in public administration» (status 23.08.2021) received 558,000 links, which indicates that the concept of leadership is very popular. We have reviewed a few of them that are relevant to our own research [6, p. 35].Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The research of leadership development in the public service is of particular relevance for modern Ukrainian society. Accordingly, the authors studied theoretical and conceptual approaches to the research and development of leadership in public authorities, taking into account the priorities of the "Public Administration Reform Strategies in Ukraine for 2022-2025", approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 21 July 2021, №831-p.Aim of the paper. The article aims to reveal theoretical and conceptual approaches to the research of leadership in public authorities in the context of the tasks of scientific support for the implementation of the main goals of the "Strategy for Public Administration Reform in Ukraine for 2022-2025".Paper main body. Summarizing various definitions, we can define leadership as a type of managerial interaction (in this case – between the leader and followers), based on the combination of different sources of power depending on a specific situation and aimed at motivating people to achieve common goals. In other words, leadership is the relationships of dominance and subordination, influence and direction in the system of interpersonal relations in the group, which lead to the intended goal. However, in socio-political life, the concept of "leader" is often associated with the concept of "manager". Thereby, serious debates about the similarity or divergence of these concepts take place in the scientific community today. In particular, researchers are trying to reveal who is more required in a modern civil service – a manager, a leader, or a manager-leader? They also try to find out if a specialist can be an informal leader. If yes, how can a manager successfully use such a human resource then?Besides, the practice shows that a manager in public authorities is not always a leader, and a leader is not always a manager. It has also been proven that a manager with managerial skills, who exercised leadership, is more effective. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Leadership in public authorities is an understudied phenomenon that requires comprehensive research. Comparing the phenomena of leadership and governance within classical management and leadership, it can be argued that leadership involves the ability to lead employees to a common goal, to motivate them to want to do what is necessary.The way to an effective model of public administration management is the systematic development of leadership at all management levels.Development of innovative and service aspects of organizational culture and its management - this is the main task of leaders at all levels in public authorities in the context of the implementation of the "Strategy for Public Administration Reform until 2025". ; Досліджено теоретичні засади лідерства в органах публічної влади на основі аналізу різних підходів та теорій лідерства. Акцентовано увагу на використанні наукових підходів та розробок вітчизняних і зарубіжних вчених при дослідженні лідерства, обґрунтовано роль лідерства у державному управлінні на сучасному етапі соціально-економічного розвитку та доведено необхідність системного розвитку лідерства в органах публічної влади.

The pandemic that transformed our lives in 2020 brought important reflections on way of seeing the world demanding new skills and behaviors to interact in an environment so common to innovation - virtual environment. In innovation processes, digital transformation that modifies, alters and creates ways of doing things, declares itself and presents itself as facilitating vehicle, also of interpersonal relationships, requiring us to learn to relate in different ways through digital world, using creativity to overcome social, institutional, political, religious, economic obstacles, among others.In science, researchers strive to understand or explain some transformational impacts and seek a perfect adaptation for transferring and exploitation of appropriate knowledge for each eminent need. However, we are still halfway there.Some relevant topics in academia also explored by IJI - International Journal Innovation, such as, innovative entrepreneurship, innovation and learning, innovation and sustainability, internationalization of innovation, innovation systems and digital transformation are now undergoing a new sieve, a new look at understanding of disruptive effects inherent to this theme on transformation and knowledge. A new window has opened in digital age, provided by new world context.In the past, a commonly observed resistance to including innovation in daily processes, and not only in organizational sphere, are now mandatory and our survival in society depends on them. So, what do we see? We can simply call it transformation, but if we broaden a perspective of events in the year 2020, we risk saying that we do live a cotransformation, that is, a rhythmic and continuous, joint and effective learning in creation of value in all global social spheres. It is no longer about transforming a process or creating a system to achieve desired performance, it is about integrating collective, learning by sharing, changing to be able to transform and, all of this, through an increasingly disruptive world.We highlight Moreira, Teixeira and Locatelli (2020) about influences of motivational goals, confirming Schwartz's (2005) theory that groups differ significantly in relative importance they attach to their values, that is, individuals and groups have priorities or axiological hierarchies different from values (Calvosa, Serra, Almeida, 2011). This understanding must support our challenges regarding how to address a co-transformation and transmission of knowledge to future generations, prioritizing care for preservation of our planet, human relations, adaptation of knowledge to current realities and, above all, ability to innovate at any time.As presented by Falaster et al. (2020) it is not for us to assign a mathematical value to life and health or to guide our research by addressing political agendas, nor to distort theory, method and argumentation to suit any situation. What should motivate us, especially in scientific research, is the understanding and strategic responses in times of crisis: our adaptation and compliance, stress with its effects on decision-making on acquisition of knowledge to co-transform and innovate. For this reason, we emphasize that we are in the middle of road because there are still notorious forces that demand permanence of more stable and static social models. Innovation takes on another level. With its disruptive character, it will continue to build future scenarios in improving performance of society's demands (Pol Ville, 2009) through process of cotransformation emphasized here.Efforts and studies aimed at innovation point to relationship networks as important channels for increasing efficiency (Pio, 2020). This is one of evidence regarding the need for a rhythmic and continuous, joint, and effective interconnection for cotransformation. We are not only pointing to innovation as a support for cotransformation, but as something inevitable in practical life of future generations.We must advance how to promote improvements that bring productivity and effectiveness to social relationships through innovation. This will facilitate our insertion in this "new normal" presented in almost all groups of society. We already know that we need to change at a fast pace, but we often get lost in timing of things, that is, the right time for change. Therefore, we must learn to work among diversity, producing new values that take our society to a new level of civility. And all of this translates into different ways of knowing and learning, transmitting, and assimilating, stretching, and making flexible.In fact, it is necessary to identify elements that determine existence of more dynamic capacities, such as, for example, set of behaviors, skills, routines, processes and mechanisms of learning and knowledge governance aimed at cotransformation. Articulation of these elements can result in varying degrees of innovation and dynamism and can manifest themselves in a more intense or more traditional way, where virtual can be more consolidated. Anyway, this is just an indication that, in a cotransformation model, all indicators are reflective (Meirelles Camargo, 2014).Innovations can lead us to co-transformation, reconfiguring activities requiring a greater evolutionary flow of existing capacities and requiring new experiences and management of these more dynamic capacities. Therefore, research must change its perspectives by establishing links between these capacities, to identify and react to innovations that are a contemporary landmark in recent history.The extent of cotransformation depends on some factors, such as perceived environmental pressure (Helfat et al., 2007) and adaptability (Madjdi Hüsig, 2011) that vary in degree, from small adaptations to major revisions or even a reconfiguration (O'Reilly Tushman, 2008). Generally, we know they are interconnected components that specify how we can survive all dynamism and disruption that exists in the world.In this context, the most important thing is not to know what will be the results of what you want, but to intensely take advantage of construction path of what you can have with appropriate use of capabilities to co-transform and innovate.We hope that in this editorial we have promoted important reflections on understanding of cotransformation, inspiring our readers about new knowledge and expanding a debate for better direction of academic and business society. The role of knowledge and transformation awakens a world of possibilities to be explored, which is why we are still halfway there.

The purpose of the article is to specify the definition of relevant terms and concepts in the paradigm of applied cultural studies. The article reviews the concepts of "cultural practices and processes", "art practices", "art processes" and issues regarding the term definition and their combination. It defines "Cultural Science", "Cultural Studies", and "Culturology", and places art practices in cultural discourse and "contemporary issue" in the system of the contemporary art research. Thus, at the present stage, it is essential to consider the art and cultural research issues because of their crucial social point. The research methodology applies methods of the system-wide cultural approach, in particular, the method of synthesis, which has helped to compare and generalise research sources and literature; system method for analysis of cultural aspects of art processes. Thus, with the help of the methods mentioned above, we collected the existing theories on an appreciation of the issue's properties and gave scientific credence to it. The scientific novelty of the article is to express a comprehensive definition of "contemporary art and cultural practices and processes"; to clarify the role of the object in interdisciplinary research using the analysis of the international and domestic scientific discussion of theoretical and practical research of art and cultural practices. Conclusions. Thus, researching Cultural Studies as an interdisciplinary field that examines the ties between political and social relations and the impact of cultural processes in general, we propose an author's definition of "contemporary art and cultural practices and processes". By them, we imply the civil significant and the incredibly innovative aesthetic activity of a person/people associated with the creation of art pieces, their acquisition by public spaces, preservation, permanent application or demonstration, as well as a qualitative change in the states or phenomena of art forms, systems, objects, interactions that occur during the development of global or definite society culture, and are considered up-to-date at the time of their emergence and generate an acute social resonance. Contemporary art and cultural processes are characterised by uniqueness, and their variability is determined by a combination of conditions and circumstances. For this purpose, they are dynamic forms, and art and cultural practices can be treated as artefacts of these forms. ; Цель статьи – конкретизация определения актуальных терминов и понятий в парадигме прикладных культурологических исследований. В статье исследуются понятия «культурные практики и процессы», «художественные практики», «арт-процессы» и проблемы в определении сроков и их комбинационного сочетания. В частности: «Культурология», «Cultural Studies», «Culturology» и определения места художественных практик в культурологическом дискурсе и «актуального» в системе исследования современного искусства. Итак, на сегодняшнем этапе, актуальной становится проработка проблематики культурных исследований с учетом их острой социальной значимости. Методология исследования: применены методы, соответствующие системному культурологическому подходу, в частности метод синтеза, который помог сопоставить и обобщить научные источники и литературу; системный метод для анализа культурологических аспектов художественных процессов. Таким образом, с помощью заявленных методов собраны и научно обоснованы существующие теории относительно понимания отдельных качеств определенной проблемы. Научная новизна работы заключается в том, что в ней на основе анализа международной и отечественной научной дискуссии теоретических и практических исследований культурных и художественных практик сформулировано комплексное определение «актуальные культурно-художественные практики и процессы»; выяснена роль объекта в междисциплинарных исследованиях. Выводы. Итак, изучая Cultural Studies как междисциплинарную область, которая исследует взаимосвязь политических, общественных отношений и влияния на них культурных в общем смысле процессов предлагаем авторское определение «актуальные культурно-художественные практики и процессы». Под ними мы понимаем гражданско значимую, остро экспериментальную эстетическую деятельность человека / людей, связанную с созданием произведений искусства, их освоением в общественных пространствах, хранением, перманентным применением или демонстрацией, а также качественное изменение состояний или явлений художественных форм, систем, объектов, взаимодействий, происходящих в ходе развития общей или конкретной культуры общества, которые считаются современными на момент их возникновения и порождают острый социальный резонанс. Актуальные культурно-художественные процессы характеризуются уникальностью, а их вариантность определяется сочетанием условий и обстоятельств протекания. В этом смысле они являются динамическими формами, а культурно-художественные практики могут рассматриваться как артефакты этих форм. ; Мета статті – конкретизація визначення актуальних термінів і понять у парадигмі прикладних культурологічних досліджень. В статті досліджуються поняття «культурні практики та процеси», «мистецькі практики», «артпроцеси» та проблеми у визначені певних термінів і їх комбінаційного поєднання. Зокрема: «Культурологія», «Cultural Studies», «Culturology» і визначення місця мистецьких практик у культурологічному дискурсі та «актуального» в системі дослідження сучасного мистецтва. Отже, на сьогоднішньому етапі, актуальним постає опрацьовування проблематики культурно-мистецьких досліджень з огляду на їхню гостру соціальну значущість. Методологія дослідження: застосовано методи, відповідні системному культурологічному підходові, зокрема метод синтезу, що допоміг зіставити та узагальнити наукові джерела і літературу; системний метод для аналізу культурологічних аспектів мистецьких процесів. Таким чином, з допомогою заявлених методів зібрані та науково обґрунтовані існуючі теорії щодо розуміння окремих якостей визначеної проблеми. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в тому, що в ній на основі аналізу міжнародної та вітчизняної наукової дискусії теоретичних і практичних досліджень культурних та мистецьких практик сформульовано комплексне визначення «актуальні культурно-мистецькі практики та процеси»; з'ясована роль об'єкту у міждисциплінарних дослідженнях. Висновки. Отже, вивчаючи Cultural Studies як міждисциплінарну галузь, що досліджує взаємозв'язок політичних, суспільних відносин та впливу на них культурних у загальному змісті процесів пропонуємо авторське визначення «актуальні культурно-мистецькі практики та процеси». Під ними ми розуміємо громадянсько значущу, гостро експериментальну естетичну діяльність людини / людей, пов'язану зі створенням творів мистецтва, їх освоєнням у громадських просторах, збереженням, перманентним застосуванням чи демонстрацією, а також якісну зміну станів або явищ мистецьких форм, систем, об'єктів, взаємодій, що відбуваються у ході розвитку загальної чи конкретної культури суспільства, вважаються сучасними на момент їх виникнення та породжують гострий соціальний резонанс. Актуальні культурно-мистецькі процеси характеризуються унікальністю, а їх варіантність визначається поєднанням умов та обставин протікання. У цьому сенсі вони є динамічними формами, а культурно-мистецькі практики можуть розглядатись як артефакти цих форм.

The purpose of the article is to specify the definition of relevant terms and concepts in the paradigm of applied cultural studies. The article reviews the concepts of "cultural practices and processes", "art practices", "art processes" and issues regarding the term definition and their combination. It defines "Cultural Science", "Cultural Studies", and "Culturology", and places art practices in cultural discourse and "contemporary issue" in the system of the contemporary art research. Thus, at the present stage, it is essential to consider the art and cultural research issues because of their crucial social point. The research methodology applies methods of the system-wide cultural approach, in particular, the method of synthesis, which has helped to compare and generalise research sources and literature; system method for analysis of cultural aspects of art processes. Thus, with the help of the methods mentioned above, we collected the existing theories on an appreciation of the issue's properties and gave scientific credence to it. The scientific novelty of the article is to express a comprehensive definition of "contemporary art and cultural practices and processes"; to clarify the role of the object in interdisciplinary research using the analysis of the international and domestic scientific discussion of theoretical and practical research of art and cultural practices. Conclusions. Thus, researching Cultural Studies as an interdisciplinary field that examines the ties between political and social relations and the impact of cultural processes in general, we propose an author's definition of "contemporary art and cultural practices and processes". By them, we imply the civil significant and the incredibly innovative aesthetic activity of a person/people associated with the creation of art pieces, their acquisition by public spaces, preservation, permanent application or demonstration, as well as a qualitative change in the states or phenomena of art forms, systems, objects, interactions that occur during the development of global or definite society culture, and are considered up-to-date at the time of their emergence and generate an acute social resonance. Contemporary art and cultural processes are characterised by uniqueness, and their variability is determined by a combination of conditions and circumstances. For this purpose, they are dynamic forms, and art and cultural practices can be treated as artefacts of these forms. ; Цель статьи – конкретизация определения актуальных терминов и понятий в парадигме прикладных культурологических исследований. В статье исследуются понятия «культурные практики и процессы», «художественные практики», «арт-процессы» и проблемы в определении сроков и их комбинационного сочетания. В частности: «Культурология», «Cultural Studies», «Culturology» и определения места художественных практик в культурологическом дискурсе и «актуального» в системе исследования современного искусства. Итак, на сегодняшнем этапе, актуальной становится проработка проблематики культурных исследований с учетом их острой социальной значимости. Методология исследования: применены методы, соответствующие системному культурологическому подходу, в частности метод синтеза, который помог сопоставить и обобщить научные источники и литературу; системный метод для анализа культурологических аспектов художественных процессов. Таким образом, с помощью заявленных методов собраны и научно обоснованы существующие теории относительно понимания отдельных качеств определенной проблемы. Научная новизна работы заключается в том, что в ней на основе анализа международной и отечественной научной дискуссии теоретических и практических исследований культурных и художественных практик сформулировано комплексное определение «актуальные культурно-художественные практики и процессы»; выяснена роль объекта в междисциплинарных исследованиях. Выводы. Итак, изучая Cultural Studies как междисциплинарную область, которая исследует взаимосвязь политических, общественных отношений и влияния на них культурных в общем смысле процессов предлагаем авторское определение «актуальные культурно-художественные практики и процессы». Под ними мы понимаем гражданско значимую, остро экспериментальную эстетическую деятельность человека / людей, связанную с созданием произведений искусства, их освоением в общественных пространствах, хранением, перманентным применением или демонстрацией, а также качественное изменение состояний или явлений художественных форм, систем, объектов, взаимодействий, происходящих в ходе развития общей или конкретной культуры общества, которые считаются современными на момент их возникновения и порождают острый социальный резонанс. Актуальные культурно-художественные процессы характеризуются уникальностью, а их вариантность определяется сочетанием условий и обстоятельств протекания. В этом смысле они являются динамическими формами, а культурно-художественные практики могут рассматриваться как артефакты этих форм. ; Мета статті – конкретизація визначення актуальних термінів і понять у парадигмі прикладних культурологічних досліджень. В статті досліджуються поняття «культурні практики та процеси», «мистецькі практики», «артпроцеси» та проблеми у визначені певних термінів і їх комбінаційного поєднання. Зокрема: «Культурологія», «Cultural Studies», «Culturology» і визначення місця мистецьких практик у культурологічному дискурсі та «актуального» в системі дослідження сучасного мистецтва. Отже, на сьогоднішньому етапі, актуальним постає опрацьовування проблематики культурно-мистецьких досліджень з огляду на їхню гостру соціальну значущість. Методологія дослідження: застосовано методи, відповідні системному культурологічному підходові, зокрема метод синтезу, що допоміг зіставити та узагальнити наукові джерела і літературу; системний метод для аналізу культурологічних аспектів мистецьких процесів. Таким чином, з допомогою заявлених методів зібрані та науково обґрунтовані існуючі теорії щодо розуміння окремих якостей визначеної проблеми. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в тому, що в ній на основі аналізу міжнародної та вітчизняної наукової дискусії теоретичних і практичних досліджень культурних та мистецьких практик сформульовано комплексне визначення «актуальні культурно-мистецькі практики та процеси»; з'ясована роль об'єкту у міждисциплінарних дослідженнях. Висновки. Отже, вивчаючи Cultural Studies як міждисциплінарну галузь, що досліджує взаємозв'язок політичних, суспільних відносин та впливу на них культурних у загальному змісті процесів пропонуємо авторське визначення «актуальні культурно-мистецькі практики та процеси». Під ними ми розуміємо громадянсько значущу, гостро експериментальну естетичну діяльність людини / людей, пов'язану зі створенням творів мистецтва, їх освоєнням у громадських просторах, збереженням, перманентним застосуванням чи демонстрацією, а також якісну зміну станів або явищ мистецьких форм, систем, об'єктів, взаємодій, що відбуваються у ході розвитку загальної чи конкретної культури суспільства, вважаються сучасними на момент їх виникнення та породжують гострий соціальний резонанс. Актуальні культурно-мистецькі процеси характеризуються унікальністю, а їх варіантність визначається поєднанням умов та обставин протікання. У цьому сенсі вони є динамічними формами, а культурно-мистецькі практики можуть розглядатись як артефакти цих форм.

Researchers increasingly use meta-analysis to synthesize the results of several studies in order to estimate a common effect. When the outcome variable is continuous, standard meta-analytic approaches assume that the primary studies report the sample mean and standard deviation of the outcome. However, when the outcome is skewed, authors sometimes summarize the data by reporting the sample median and one or both of (i) the minimum and maximum values and (ii) the first and third quartiles, but do not report the mean or standard deviation. To include these studies in meta-analysis, several methods have been developed to estimate the sample mean and standard deviation from the reported summary data. A major limitation of these widely used methods is that they assume that the outcome distribution is normal, which is unlikely to be tenable for studies reporting medians. We propose two novel approaches to estimate the sample mean and standard deviation when data are suspected to be non-normal. Our simulation results and empirical assessments show that the proposed methods often perform better than the existing methods when applied to non-normal data. ; anadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) KRS-134297 Fonds de recherche du Quebec -Sante (FRQS) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) FRQS Masters Training Awards Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship FRQS Postdoctoral Training Fellowship Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre G.R. Caverhill Fellowship from the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary Alberta Health Services through the Calgary Health Trust Hotchkiss Brain Institute Senior Health Scholar award from Alberta Innovates Health Solutions Health Research Council of New Zealand Lundbeck International Tehran University of Medical Sciences M-288 Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems: University of Washington H133N060033 Baylor College of Medicine H133N060003 University of Michigan System H133N060032 National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia 1002160 Safe Work Australia Australian Research Council FT130101444 European Foundation for Study of Diabetes Chinese Diabetes Society Lilly Foundation Asia Diabetes Foundation Liao Wun Yuk Diabetes Memorial Fund United States National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant 5F30MH096664 United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH Fogarty International Center (FIC) United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA National Cancer Center United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) NIH Office of Research for Women's Health through the Fogarty Global Health Fellows Program Consortium 1R25TW00934001 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R24MH071604 / R34 MH072925/ K02 MH65919 / P30 DK50456 / R24 MH56858 / RO1 MH073687 /RO1-MH069666 / R34MH084673 /R24 MH071604 United States Department of Health & Human Services Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA R49 CE002093 St Anne's Community Services, Leeds, UK US National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research RO1 HD39415 Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) 01GY1150 United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA T37 MD001449 / T32 GM07356 Ohio Board of Regents Research and Development Administration Office, University of Macau MYRG2015-00109-FSS Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) 01 GD 9802/4 ; 01 GD 0101 Federation of German Pension Insurance Institute Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) Perpetual Trustees Flora and Frank Leith Charitable Trust Jack Brockhoff Foundation Grosvenor Settlement Sunshine Foundation Danks Trust Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) FRN 83518 Scleroderma Society of Canada Scleroderma Society of Ontario Scleroderma Society of Saskatchewan Sclerodermie Quebec Cure Scleroderma Foundation Inova Diagnostics Inc Euroimmun FRQS Canadian Arthritis Network Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC FRQS Senior Investigator Award National Strategic Reference Framework European Union (EU) Greek Ministry of Education, Lifelong Learning and Religious Affairs (ARISTEIA-ABREVIATE) 1259 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan UK National Institute for Health Research under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme RP-PG-0606-1142 Canada Research Chair in Neurological Health Services Research AIHS Population Health Investigator Award National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia 1088313 Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development 945-03-047 National Health Research Institutes - Taiwan NHRI-EX97-9706PI Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 49086 Reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade de Sao Paulo 09.1.01689.17.7 Banco Santander 10.1.01232.17.9 Pfizer medical faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Germany 121/2000 Research University Grant Scheme from Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Postgraduate Research Student Support Accounts of the University of Auckland, New Zealand National Program for Centers of Excellence (PRONEX/FAPERGS/CNPq, Brazil) Pfizer US Pharmaceutical Inc. PQ-CNPq-2 301321/2016-7 Belgian Ministry of Public Health and Social Affairs Pfizer Ministry of Health, Italy UK National Health Service Lothian Neuro-Oncology Endowment Fund Universiti Sains Malaysia United States Department of Health & Human Services United States Health Resources & Service Administration (HRSA) R40MC07840 United States Department of Health & Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality R36 HS018246 United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) TL1 RR024135 University of Melbourne Hunter Medical Research Institute Innovatiefonds Zorgverzekeraars Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) Mental Health Program 100.003.005 100.002.021 Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam Fund for Innovation and Competitiveness of the Chilean Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism, through the Millennium Scientific Initiative IS130005 US Department of Veteran Affairs US Department of Veteran Affairs United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01 HL079235 American Federation for Ageing Research Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Ischemia Research and Education Foundation

Introduzione Il consumo di molluschi bivalvi (MB) crudi o poco cotti può rappresentare un rischio per la presenza di microrganismi patogeni derivanti da contaminazione fecale. La normativa comunitaria prevede che i produttori possano raccoglierli soltanto nelle zone di produzione classificate dall'autorità competente (AC) come A, B o C in relazione al livello di contaminazione fecale, con Escherichia coli come indicatore (Reg. CE n. 853/2004 e Reg. CE n. 854/2004). Per classificare le zone di produzione l'AC deve effettuare un "sanitary survey" per valutare le fonti di inquinamento e istituire un programma rappresentativo di campionamento dei MB nella zona considerata. Oltre alla valutazione di parametri biologici, chimici e fisici cogenti, l'AC può altresì valutare parametri aggiuntivi ai fini di una completa sorveglianza sanitaria. L'AC deve inoltre programmare attività di monitoraggio, generalmente a cadenza trimestrale, per verificare se il livello di rischio sia cambiato e la zona debba essere riclassificata. Il "Centro per le scienze dell'ambiente, della pesca e dell'acquacoltura" (CEFAS) ha pubblicato nel 2017 delle Linee Guida aggiornate per l'esecuzione dei sanitary surveys. Una serie di audit effettuati su undici Stati Membri nel periodo 2011-2013 dal Food and Veterinary Office (FVO) ha tuttavia evidenziato sostanziali carenze nei sistemi di riclassificazione. Nel 2011, nessuna zona di produzione era stata ancora riclassificata in Italia. La regione Liguria ha quindi intrapreso il primo sanitary survey relativo al triennio 2012-2014 per le zone di produzione di MB del golfo della Spezia. Successivamente, è stato effettuato il sanitary survey, relativo al triennio 2015-2017. Questo studio è volto ad analizzare i dati provenienti dal report "sanitary survey 2018: riclassificazione delle zone del golfo adibite alla molluschicoltura" relativo al triennio 2015-2017, elaborato dalla Struttura Igiene degli Alimenti di Origine Animale dell'ASL 5 Spezzino. Summary Consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked bivalve molluscs can result in illness due to the presence of microorganisms, notably algal biotoxins and viral contamination arising from human faecal pollution (EFSA, 2015). As established by EU legislation, gatherers may only harvest LBM from production areas with fixed locations and boundaries that the competent authority (CA) has classified as being of class A, B or C according to the level of faecal contamination and using Escherichia coli as indicator organism (Regulation CE n. 853/2004 and Regulation CE n. 854/2004). In order to classify a production area, the CA implements a sanitary survey aimed at evaluating the sources of contamination in the catchment area and establishing a sampling programme of LBM ensuring that the results of the analysis are as representative as possible for the considered area. Ongoing monitoring (generally of a three-annual basis) are also needed to determine whether the level of risk has changed, and the classification status should be therefore modified. In 2017, the Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) published an updated Community guide providing principles and operational guidelines that should be applied by the CA to practically perform the sanitary survey. Despite of this legislative background, a series of audits undertaken between 2011 and 2013 by the European Commission's Food and Veterinary Office (FVO) on eleven Member States highlighted consistent gaps in the classification systems of LBM production areas. According to the official data, no re-classification procedures had been performed yet in 2011 within the entire Italian territory. Given the necessity to fulfil EU requirements, the Liguria Region implemented its first sanitary survey on the production areas of the gulf of La Spezia, which covered the three years 2012-2014 and whose results were reported in a final report published in 2015. The procedures for the sanitary survey concerning the subsequent three-year period were initiated in 2015 and the relative final report was published in 2018. The aim of this study was to analyse the data from the final report of the sanitary survey concerning the three years 2015-2017 developed by ASL 5 Spezzino and published in 2018. Materiali e Metodi Sono stati estrapolati dati relativi al numero e alla tipologia di analisi effettuate sulle specie Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas e Venus verrucosa nei punti di campionamento previsti dal piano di monitoraggio e al numero e alla tipologia di non conformità (NC) riscontrate sulla base di parametri cogenti e parametri aggiuntivi di sorveglianza sanitaria. I dati sono stati confrontati con quelli del sanitary survey relativo al triennio precedente (2012-2014). Opportuni test statistici sono stati utilizzati per valutare i dati provenienti dal monitoraggio di E. coli e Norovirus. Risultati e Discussione Sono state effettuate 4306 analisi, soprattutto su M. galloprovincialis (89%) e per lo più su agenti biologici e biotossine marine. Sono state rilevate 160 NC, la maggior parte delle quali (93.7%) riferibili a positività per Norovirus in M. galloprovincialis e C. gigas, con una forte prevalenza del genogruppo GII. La prevalenza di Norovirus nel golfo della Spezia è risultata essere tra le più elevate a livello nazionale. Al contrario, nonostante alcune NC riscontrate per le biotossine marine, lo stato sanitario delle zone di produzione del golfo è risultato relativamente sicuro rispetto ad altre realtà nazionali. È stato dimostrato che i livelli di E. coli sono correlati sia con la piovosità che con la stagionalità (maggiori nel periodo più freddo). In entrambi i casi sono principalmente coinvolti i punti di campionamento interni alla diga e della Baia di Portovenere, da attribuire principalmente alla direzione delle correnti marine ed al loro rallentamento nei suddetti punti. Rispetto al confronto con il triennio precedente, è stata riconfermata la classe B per M. galloprovincialis, le zone di produzione di C. gigas sono state riclassificate A e quelle di V. verrucosa sono invece state definitivamente chiuse per le difficoltà riscontrate nel reperimento di un numero di campioni rappresentativo. Il sanitary survey si è confermato uno strumento utile nella riclassificazione e nel monitoraggio sanitario delle zone di produzione di MB.

The article clarifies the basis for the implementation of state policy by authorities to counter information threats in Ukraine. It has been revealed that in the context of global challenges, the main strategic national resource defining the economic and defense power of the state is the information and information technologies, from which the vital functions of society are crucial to all sectors: production and management, defense and energy, transport and communications. banking, finance, science, education and many others. It has been proved that for the own stable information development in the conditions of strict competition taking into account factors of information security, each state should ensure: understanding of information attacks and confrontation; creation of software for confrontation with information attacks; analysis of indicators of information threats in order to improve decision-making mechanisms in public administration systems; providing maximum protection against external influences; analysis of the state and technical audit of all means of communication; consolidation of the activities of state authorities and mass media in the field of political informing of society in order to neutralize negative psychological influence in conditions of crises and conflicts. The state's information policy should focus on reflecting the urgent issues that have emerged in the field of international relations and the field of information security, etc. The rights and interests of each subject of information relations should be legally protected. The most difficult will be the implementation of tasks within which it is planned to harmonize the information security of the country, the individual and the society and simultaneously highlight the urgent priorities, namely: to create / restore the basic security elements of the information security structure, to implement the above- mentioned scheme of the effective mechanism of information protection of the country, to review new ones information threats, eliminate existing ones, identifying the degree of probable results and the level of their intensive influence. The main information threat to national security is the influence that the other party can make on the state of the state information infrastructure, information resources, on the state of society, consciousness, and subconsciousness of the individual in order to impose the state the desired system with the corresponding values, views, interests and decisions on critical areas. in social and state activities, taking control of their behavior and development in the right other side of the vector. ; В статье выяснены основы реализации государственной политики органами власти по противодействию информационным угрозам в Украине. Установлено, что в условиях глобальных вызовов главным стратегическим национальным ресурсом, определяющим экономическую и оборонную мощь государства, есть информация и информационные технологии, от которых в решающей степени зависят все сферы жизнедеятельности общества: производство и управление, оборона и энергетика, транспорт и связь, банковское дело и финансы, наука, образование и многие другие. Доказано, что для собственного устойчивого информационного развития в условиях жесткой конкуренции с учетом факторов информационной безопасности каждое государство должно обеспечить: понимание информационных атак и противостояние им; создание программного обеспечения противостояния информационным атакам; анализ показателей информационных угроз в целях совершенствования механизмов принятия решений в системах государственного управления; обеспечения максимальной защиты от внешних воздействий; анализ и технический аудит всех средств коммуникации; консолидация деятельности органов государственной власти и СМИ в сфере политического информирования общества для нейтрализации негативного психологического воздействия в условиях кризисов и конфликтов. Информационная политика государства должна сосредоточиться на отражении актуальных вопросов, которые сформировались в области международных отношений и области информационной безопасности и др. Права и интересы каждого субъекта информационных отношений должны быть законодательно защищены. Самым важным будет реализация задач, в рамках которых планируется гармонично обеспечить информационную безопасность страны, индивида и социума и одновременно выделить определенные приоритеты, а именно: создать / обновить основные защитные элементы структуры информационной нацбезопасности, практически реализовать указанную ранее схему действенного механизма информационной защиты страны, посмотреть новые информационные угрозы, устранить имеющиеся угрозы, определив степени вероятных результатов и уровня их интенсивного воздействия. Главной информационной угрозой для национальной безопасности является влияние, которое может оказать другая сторона на состояние государственной информационной инфраструктуры, информационных ресурсов, на состояние общества, сознания, подсознания индивидуума ради навязывания государству желаемой системы с соответствующими ценностями, взглядами, интересами и решениями по сверхважным сферам в общественной и государственной деятельности, взятие под контроль их поведения и развития в нужном другой стороне векторе. ; У статті з'ясовано основи реалізації державної політики органами влади щодо протидії інформаційним загрозам в Україні. З'ясовано, що в умовах глобальних викликів головним стратегічним національним ресурсом, що визначає економічну і оборонну міць держави, є інформація та інформаційні технології, від яких вирішальною мірою залежать всі сфери життєдіяльності суспільства: виробництво та управління, оборона і енергетика, транспорт і зв'язок, банківська справа і фінанси, наука, освіта і багато інших. Доведено, що для власного сталого інформаційного розвитку в умовах жорсткої конкуренції з урахуванням чинників інформаційної безпеки кожна держава повинна забезпечити: розуміння інформаційних атак та протистояння ним; створення програмного забезпечення протистояння інформаційним атакам; аналіз показників інформаційних загроз з метою вдосконалення механізмів прийняття рішень в системах державного управління; забезпечення максимального захисту від зовнішніх впливів; аналіз стану і технічний аудит всіх засобів комунікації; консолідація діяльності органів державної влади та ЗМІ у сфері політичного інформування суспільства для нейтралізації негативного психологічного впливу в умовах криз та конфліктів. Інформаційна політика держави має зосередитися на віддзеркаленні нагальних питань, що сформувалися у галузі міжнародних відносин та галузі інформаційної безпеки та ін. Права та інтереси кожного суб'єкта інформаційних взаємин мають бути законодавчо захищені. Найважчим буде реалізація завдань, в межах яких планується гармонійно забезпечити інформаційну безпеку країни, індивіда і соціуму й одночасно виокремити нагальні пріоритети, а саме: створити/відновити основні захисні елементи структури інформаційної нацбезпеки, практично реалізувати зазначену раніше схему дієвого механізму інформаційного захисту країни, переглянути нові інформаційні загрози, усунути наявні, визначивши ступені імовірних результатів та рівня їхнього інтенсивного впливу. Головною інформаційною загрозою для національної безпеки є вплив, який може здійснити інша сторона на стан державної інформаційної інфраструктури, інформаційних ресурсів, на стан суспільства, свідомості, підсвідомості індивідуума задля нав'язування державі бажаної системи з відповідними цінностями, поглядами, інтересами і рішеннями щодо надважливих сфер у суспільній і державній діяльності, взяття під контроль їхньої поведінки і розвитку у потрібному іншій стороні векторі.

Fat Decimator System Fat Decimator System is a 131-page program that is based on more than a decade of research. Focusing on how the human body works, this guide will help you shed that stubborn belly fat you just can't seem to get rid of. Broken down into three components, you will need to focus on diet, exercise, and your motivational mindset. As you lose weight, you'll improve your health — it's a win-win. Fat Decimator System is based on years of research, over 500 medical studies, and real-world testing. Helping users shed belly fat quickly and safely, this program is truly one-of-a-kind. As long as you follow the system as directed, you will lose up to 20 pounds in just 3 weeks! Best of all, you will learn why you are doing what you're doing. WHAT IS THE FAT DECIMATOR SYSTEM? At its core, the Fat Decimator System is a weight loss program. However, it's also an educational tool. 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Opening up with a well-written intro, Kyle stresses the importance of following this program exactly as its designed. In order to achieve results, you MUST complete the program from start to finish. Offering a personal look into his journey in terms of publishing this system, you'll immediately feel at ease. You're in good hands! "Launch" is the first section, helping you better prepare for your journey ahead. Broken down into three subsections, you'll know exactly what areas you'll be addressing — diet, exercise, and lastly, willpower, motivation and mindset. Next, "Rapid Weight Loss" focuses on the fact that most people want to lose weight and lose it now! In fact, most diets fail because it takes too long to see results — but not this one! Helping you boost your motivation, you'll want to get started! Focusing on the scientific evidence behind this, "Why 3 Weeks?" explains the effectiveness of this timeline. Then, "21 Days to Make a Habit" supports a whole new mindset. After all, for three weeks, you will need to eat healthy and go to the gym. If you have ever wondered WHY the weight loss industry is SO confusing, you'll get your answer in "The Truth About Weight Loss." All of this information is helping you better understand why you will be doing what it is you're asked to do. This is followed by one informative, highly interesting section after the other, including: How to Get Fat How to Get ThinNutrients Fiber Fruits and Vegetables – The "Miracle Fiber" Protein, Fat, Carbohydrates Water Metabolism A Surprisingly Simple Way Anyone Can Rapidly Accelerate Weight Loss The Undisputable Rules of Fat Loss How to Increase Catecholamines (And Lower Insulin) Reducing Calories the Right Way Reduced Carbohydrate Intake Starvation ModeExercise Stubborn Body Fat Fat-Burning Supplements Summary Focusing on a 100 percent natural approach, you will learn to work with your body to achieve the results you desire. From the foods you eat to the habits you develop, you will begin to see how your current lifestyle has influenced your inability to lose weight in the past. As you read through each section, you will love how this program is designed. The information is so clear and well-presented it truly is a treat to read. Best of all, the information you'll learn will help you transform your body. Today is the day that you invest in your body, mind, and future — you can do it! HOW WILL I BENEFIT FROM THE FAT DECIMATOR SYSTEM? If you have been trying to lose weight, you know that it is a tough journey. Whenever possible, it's encouraging to find programs that are not only effective, but interesting. This is exactly what you will experience when ordering the Fat Decimator System. After all, it was developed based on years of scientific research and real-world testing. By investing in this system, you will be provided with the tools you need to succeed. Best of all, as you lose weight, you'll also support your long-term health. From the power of superfoods to the importance of exercise, this program will help you build healthy, sustainable habits. In terms of the program itself, it is so well-researched and the layout is beautifully designed. This makes the program itself enjoyable to read — you won't want to put it down! Once you're finished, you can then continue learning based on the four included bonus materials: The Fastest Weight Loss Week Action Plan; 100 Great-Tasting Green Smoothies; Powerful Sex Foods and Stimulants; and the 3-Minute Belly Shrinker Video Series. IN CONCLUSION Busting belly fat no longer needs to feel like an impossible task. You CAN take control of your weight and health. Although this system is highly effective, if you're still unsure, know that this system comes with a money-back guarantee. That is how confident Kyle is that you will achieve the results you desire. 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The article clarifies the basis for the implementation of state policy by authorities to counter information threats in Ukraine. It has been revealed that in the context of global challenges, the main strategic national resource defining the economic and defense power of the state is the information and information technologies, from which the vital functions of society are crucial to all sectors: production and management, defense and energy, transport and communications. banking, finance, science, education and many others. It has been proved that for the own stable information development in the conditions of strict competition taking into account factors of information security, each state should ensure: understanding of information attacks and confrontation; creation of software for confrontation with information attacks; analysis of indicators of information threats in order to improve decision-making mechanisms in public administration systems; providing maximum protection against external influences; analysis of the state and technical audit of all means of communication; consolidation of the activities of state authorities and mass media in the field of political informing of society in order to neutralize negative psychological influence in conditions of crises and conflicts. The state's information policy should focus on reflecting the urgent issues that have emerged in the field of international relations and the field of information security, etc. The rights and interests of each subject of information relations should be legally protected. The most difficult will be the implementation of tasks within which it is planned to harmonize the information security of the country, the individual and the society and simultaneously highlight the urgent priorities, namely: to create / restore the basic security elements of the information security structure, to implement the above- mentioned scheme of the effective mechanism of information protection of the country, to review new ones information threats, eliminate existing ones, identifying the degree of probable results and the level of their intensive influence. The main information threat to national security is the influence that the other party can make on the state of the state information infrastructure, information resources, on the state of society, consciousness, and subconsciousness of the individual in order to impose the state the desired system with the corresponding values, views, interests and decisions on critical areas. in social and state activities, taking control of their behavior and development in the right other side of the vector. ; В статье выяснены основы реализации государственной политики органами власти по противодействию информационным угрозам в Украине. Установлено, что в условиях глобальных вызовов главным стратегическим национальным ресурсом, определяющим экономическую и оборонную мощь государства, есть информация и информационные технологии, от которых в решающей степени зависят все сферы жизнедеятельности общества: производство и управление, оборона и энергетика, транспорт и связь, банковское дело и финансы, наука, образование и многие другие. Доказано, что для собственного устойчивого информационного развития в условиях жесткой конкуренции с учетом факторов информационной безопасности каждое государство должно обеспечить: понимание информационных атак и противостояние им; создание программного обеспечения противостояния информационным атакам; анализ показателей информационных угроз в целях совершенствования механизмов принятия решений в системах государственного управления; обеспечения максимальной защиты от внешних воздействий; анализ и технический аудит всех средств коммуникации; консолидация деятельности органов государственной власти и СМИ в сфере политического информирования общества для нейтрализации негативного психологического воздействия в условиях кризисов и конфликтов. Информационная политика государства должна сосредоточиться на отражении актуальных вопросов, которые сформировались в области международных отношений и области информационной безопасности и др. Права и интересы каждого субъекта информационных отношений должны быть законодательно защищены. Самым важным будет реализация задач, в рамках которых планируется гармонично обеспечить информационную безопасность страны, индивида и социума и одновременно выделить определенные приоритеты, а именно: создать / обновить основные защитные элементы структуры информационной нацбезопасности, практически реализовать указанную ранее схему действенного механизма информационной защиты страны, посмотреть новые информационные угрозы, устранить имеющиеся угрозы, определив степени вероятных результатов и уровня их интенсивного воздействия. Главной информационной угрозой для национальной безопасности является влияние, которое может оказать другая сторона на состояние государственной информационной инфраструктуры, информационных ресурсов, на состояние общества, сознания, подсознания индивидуума ради навязывания государству желаемой системы с соответствующими ценностями, взглядами, интересами и решениями по сверхважным сферам в общественной и государственной деятельности, взятие под контроль их поведения и развития в нужном другой стороне векторе. ; У статті з'ясовано основи реалізації державної політики органами влади щодо протидії інформаційним загрозам в Україні. З'ясовано, що в умовах глобальних викликів головним стратегічним національним ресурсом, що визначає економічну і оборонну міць держави, є інформація та інформаційні технології, від яких вирішальною мірою залежать всі сфери життєдіяльності суспільства: виробництво та управління, оборона і енергетика, транспорт і зв'язок, банківська справа і фінанси, наука, освіта і багато інших. Доведено, що для власного сталого інформаційного розвитку в умовах жорсткої конкуренції з урахуванням чинників інформаційної безпеки кожна держава повинна забезпечити: розуміння інформаційних атак та протистояння ним; створення програмного забезпечення протистояння інформаційним атакам; аналіз показників інформаційних загроз з метою вдосконалення механізмів прийняття рішень в системах державного управління; забезпечення максимального захисту від зовнішніх впливів; аналіз стану і технічний аудит всіх засобів комунікації; консолідація діяльності органів державної влади та ЗМІ у сфері політичного інформування суспільства для нейтралізації негативного психологічного впливу в умовах криз та конфліктів. Інформаційна політика держави має зосередитися на віддзеркаленні нагальних питань, що сформувалися у галузі міжнародних відносин та галузі інформаційної безпеки та ін. Права та інтереси кожного суб'єкта інформаційних взаємин мають бути законодавчо захищені. Найважчим буде реалізація завдань, в межах яких планується гармонійно забезпечити інформаційну безпеку країни, індивіда і соціуму й одночасно виокремити нагальні пріоритети, а саме: створити/відновити основні захисні елементи структури інформаційної нацбезпеки, практично реалізувати зазначену раніше схему дієвого механізму інформаційного захисту країни, переглянути нові інформаційні загрози, усунути наявні, визначивши ступені імовірних результатів та рівня їхнього інтенсивного впливу. Головною інформаційною загрозою для національної безпеки є вплив, який може здійснити інша сторона на стан державної інформаційної інфраструктури, інформаційних ресурсів, на стан суспільства, свідомості, підсвідомості індивідуума задля нав'язування державі бажаної системи з відповідними цінностями, поглядами, інтересами і рішеннями щодо надважливих сфер у суспільній і державній діяльності, взяття під контроль їхньої поведінки і розвитку у потрібному іншій стороні векторі.

While History of Technology as a discipline has developed more strongly in the Global North, a huge lacuna exists in the Global South, particularly in Africa. In addition, the few texts that have given attention to the South have more often than not continued to bracket these localities and the experiences of its peoples as either a historical or lacking agency. The over-emphasis on the perspective of the colonizers rather than the colonized that is evident in most of the literature has led to inconclusive typologies common to many syntheses of Africa's past especially its urban experiences. In many instances, the dichotomous and a symmetrical analysis results into the African practices of the city being reduced to a colonial perception of disorder. To envision Africa's cities only in terms of their colonial and postcolonial relationships may preclude a fuller understanding of the multifaceted ways in which they have engaged with the larger world. Furthermore, most studies on technology and infrastructure to be particular have employed dominant paradigms like the theory of Large Technical Systems (LTSs) and propagated the imagination of most urban spaces within the lenses of the 'networked city model'. These theoretical frameworks have produced incomplete narratives that see the South as chaotic, disorderly and operating on the brink of collapse. It is this fact that has driven contemporary social science and technology studies to call for a departure from the 'old' to a new scholarship that acknowledges the localities in the South as not only 'sources for data' but also as 'sites for theorization in their own right'. What is needed in history of technology is a shift from focusing on 'origin and invention' to 'use, meaning and effect' so as to avoid the reproduction of knowledge that continues to 'privilege' the North. Towards the development of Global History of Technology, the gap needs to be bridged by giving attention to the historical particularities of the Global South rather than the South being approached as exceptional. It is on this backdrop that this study of Nairobi was undertaken. Moving between the formal level of engineering and planning and the informal level of daily practice, the dissertation investigated how urban water and sanitation technologies were adopted, appropriated, and contested by various actors. Archival investigations in Nairobi, London and Oxford (UK) and oral accounts of users were employed and analyzed qualitatively. By departing from the dominant LTS perspective, the study zeroes in on the role of users as participants in the making of the histories of the city and as non-passive recipients of migratory ideas and ideals, especially in the process of procuring their daily needs. Technical infrastructural artifacts are looked at as multilayered and possessing a powerful political and economic nature that determines their access and 'allocative' role. Nairobi's water and sanitation socio-spatial outlay was unbundled to reveal a quilt of a heterogeneous techno-scape. Nairobi, like any city in the world has its urban materialities embodying aspirations of various actors but historically, its engineer sociologists continue to define both the characteristics of the technical artifact and the social universe in which they are to function. As a colonial city and an urban space, Nairobi was loaded with imprints of social differentiation, social control and domination and the post-colony has seen elitist ideals augmented in parallel with a rapidly expanding group of urban poor. However, much as infrastructure supply has for several years followed a variegated path, this study sought to push the boundaries beyond the conventional asymmetries of race, class and 'legal' versus 'illegal' as explained through the formal and informal binary that is common in Urban Studies. It is not enough to conclude that the deployment of key infrastructures adheres to racialized (later elitist or class) planning. Rather, the question of access is informed by many factors that include the political nature of artifacts themselves and people as non-passive recipients; the cost-recovery component of 'modern' infrastructure projects as juxtaposed to the socio-cultural constructs of water and sanitation provisioning. Nairobi in retrospect attains a techno-collage or patchwork of modalities of provisioning that affirms the heterogeneous nature of most urban spaces. Furthermore, juxtaposed against the 'splintering urbanism' thesis, this work reverses the narrative by pointing out that the Global South cities have traditionally been fragmented and 'splintered' in terms of their socio-technical topologies. Nairobi for instance has from its foundation been marked by a quilt of different socio-technical arrangement of water and sanitation provision that combine both top-down approaches that are characterized by highly centralized municipal governance and bottom-linked modalities. These include shallow wells, boreholes, rain-water-harvesting, cesspits, and pushcarts amongst others. There are also 'mediative' hybridized arrangements like the 'spaghetti' pipes and standpipes cum water kiosks. The centrality of some of these methods from below, as espoused in this study, has witnessed a process of streamlining. This is acknowledged by the utility companies through public-private partnerships that combine the large and the small to plug into the technological gaps existing especially in the informal settlements that are melting pots of both technological innovation and contestation. Heterogeneity and 'decentered' or devolved small scale modalities of provision have been and will always remain a permanent marker of most cities as their history goes hand in glove with that of the cities themselves. Nairobi's checkered sociotechnical outlay is as old as the city itself. Perhaps, as the writing of a Global History of Technology takes center stage, future scholarship needs to focus more on the multilayered nature of human and knowledge flows that go beyond the North-South binary to encompass South-North, South-North-South, South-South amongst many other shifts and counter-shifts, as we grapple with the challenge of knowledge production on histories of technology that is highly representative.

ABSTRAK Dampak Program Kampung Unggulan di Kampung Tempe, Kelurahan Tenggilis Mejoyo, Kecamatan Tenggilis Mejoyo, Kota Surabaya Nama : Ayu Purwaningsih NIM : 14040674048 Program Studi : S1 Administrasi Negara Jurusan : Administrasi Publik Fakultas : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Hukum Nama Lembaga : Universitas Negeri Surabaya Pembimbing : Hj. Weni Rosdiana, S.Sos., M.AP. Program Kampung Unggulan merupakan program yang dibuat oleh Pemerintah Kota Surabaya melalui Dinas Perdagangan dan Perindustrian Kota Surabaya dari tahun 2010 yaitu dilakukan kegiatan pembinaan Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) di 10 kampung unggulan yang akan dijadikan sentra IKM. Program ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan rakyat kecil melalui usahanya. Salah satu kampung unggulan tersebut adalah kampung tempe yang terletak di Kelurahan Tenggilis Mejoyo, Kecamatan Tenggilis Mejoyo, Kota Surabaya. Kampung tempe merupakan suatu kampung yang hanya memproduksi tempe setelah ada campur tangan dari dinas, kampung tersebut dapat membuat varian olahan tempe. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan dampak Program Kampung Unggulan di Kampung Tempe, Kelurahan Tenggilis Mejoyo, Kecamatan Tenggilis Mejoyo, Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Fokus penelitian ini dilihat dari unit-unit sosial pendampak yaitu: Dampak Individual, Dampak Organisasional, Dampak Masyarakat dan Dampak Lembaga dan Sistem Sosial. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan sedangkan teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif meliputi reduksi, data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Dampak individual, Program Kampung Unggulan telah memberikan dampak aspek psikologi, ekonomi, dan sosial. Pada aspek psikologi, pengrajin tempe termotivasi untuk mengembangkan usahanya meskipun belum memiliki koperasi. Pada aspek ekonomi, pengrajin tempe mendapatkan penambahan pendapatan melalui pembinaan, memiliki jaringan pemasaran lebih luas tetapi ada kendala dalam mendapatkan label halal. Pada aspek sosial, pengrajin tempe dikenal oleh masyarakat luas sehingga dijadikan sebagai wisata industri. Pada dampak organisasional, terbentuknya kelompok pengrajin tempe dan produk olahan tempe. Sentra UKM Siola mendapatkan keuntungan dari penjualan keripik tempe tetapi lokasi stand tidak mencukupi. Pada dampak masyarakat, mendapatkan manfaat pembinaan dari dinas dalam kegiatan pelatihan membuat varian olahan tempe. Pada dampak Lembaga dan Sistem Sosial, Karang Taruna ikut dilibatkan ketika ada kunjungan dari wisatawan mancanegara sedangkan untuk Ibu PKK terlibat dalam pelatihan yang diberikan oleh dinas. Peneliti menyarankan untuk Dinas Perdagangan Kota Surabaya melakukan kerja sama dengan Dinas Pariwisata Kota Surabaya agar menambah destinasi kunjungan, membatu dalam pembuatan label halal, membantu mempromosikan produk olahan tempe melalui media jual beli online. Pemerintah Kota Surabaya sebaiknya menyediakan stand bagi UKM Sentra Siola Kota Surabaya untuk tempat memamerkan barang, gudang penyimpanan barang dan mengikutkan kegiatan pameran. Karang Taruna sebaiknya membantu memasarkan produk olahan tempe secara online. Pengrajin tempe sebaiknya mendapat pelatihan untuk mampu membuat inovasi baru varian olahan bahan dasar tempe, membuat paket wisata di Dinas Pariwisata Kota Surabaya dan melebarkan jangkauan pemasaran. Kampung tempe sebaiknya membuat badan hukum yang kuat yaitu koperasi. Kata Kunci: Dampak, Program Kampung Unggulan ABSTRACT The Impact of Superior Program in Tempe Village, Tenggilis Mejoyo Village, Tenggilis Mejoyo Sub-district, Surabaya City Name : Ayu Purwaningsih NIM : 14040674048 Study Programme : S1 Science of Public Administration Departement : Public Administration Faculty : The Faculty of social and law Institution : Universitas Negeri Surabaya Lecturer : Hj. Weni Rosdiana, S.Sos., M.AP. The superior program is a program created by the Government of Surabaya City through the Department of Trade and Industry of Surabaya City from 2010 which is carried out activities of small and medium industry (IKM) development in 10 leading villages that will be used as the IKM sentra. The goal of his program is empowering the small people through their efforts. One of the leading villages is the tempe village located in Tenggilis Mejoyo Village, Tenggilis Mejoyo District, Surabaya City. Kampung tempe is a village that only produced tempe after the intervention from the service, the village can make variants of tempe processed. The purpose of this research is to describe the impact of thr superior program tempe village in tempe village, Tenggilis Mejoyo district, Surabaya City. The research used descriptive method with qualitative approach. The focus of this research is from the social impact units: Individual Impact, Organizational Impact, Community Impact and Impact of Social Institutions and Systems. Data collection technics through observation, interview and while data analysis technic in this study using qualitative approach technic which is include reduction, data, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Individual impacts, from kampung tempe program has psychological, economic and social impacts. In the aspect of psychology, tempe craftsmen are motivated to develop their business even though they do not have cooperatives yet. In the economic aspect, tempe craftsmen get additional income through coaching, have a wider marketing network but there are many obstacles in getting halal label. On the social aspect, tempe craftsmen are known by the wider community to serve as an industrial tourism. On the organizational impact, the formation of tempe craftsmen and processed products tempe. Sentra SMEs Siola benefit from the sale of tempe chips but the location of the stand is not sufficient. On the impact of the community, get the coaching benefits from the service in training activities to make tempe processed variants. On the impact of Institutions and Social System, Karang Taruna is involved when there are visits from foreign tourists while for PKK Mothers are involved in the training provided by the department. Researchers suggest Surabaya City Trade Department to cooperate with Surabaya City Tourism Office to increase the visiting destination, petrified in making halal label, helping to promote tempe processed products through online trading media. Surabaya City Government should provide a stand for SMEs Sentra Siola Surabaya City to place the exhibition of goods, warehouse and carrying goods exhibition activities. Karang Taruna should help to market tempe processed products online. Tempe artisans should get training to be able to make new innovations of processed variants of tempe basic ingredients, making tourism package at Surabaya Tourism Office and widening marketing range. Kampung tempe should create a strong legal entity that is cooperative. Keyword: Impact, The Program of Kampung Unggulan

Although the regional competitiveness is essentially related to its economic activity, there is an increasing consensus that competitiveness is best assessed in the context of regional business environment assets such as human capital, innovative capacity, local infrastructure quality, etc. (Huggins, Izushi, Prokop, Thopson, 2014). Thus, the regional competitiveness is not only economic indicators, it is increasingly based on creativity, knowledge and environmental conditions. Competitiveness is a multidimensional term, so soft variables need to be taken into account in order to understand, assess and strengthen regional activity and development. Therefore the purpose of this article is to determine the role of the social model to the increase of the regional competitiveness (Borozan, 2008).The aim of the article is to determine the role of the social model in increasing the competitiveness of the region. In order to achieve the goal, the following objectives are formulated: to analyze social models by identifying their characteristics; to assess the suitability of selected social models for the increase of regional competitiveness; to analyze and evaluate the regional policy in Lithuania. The main methods used are scientific literature analysis, statistical analysis, expert evaluation, descriptive analytical and comparative analysis. The first typology of welfare states models was presented by English political scientist R.Titmuss, who distinguishes three models – marginal (residual) model, which is found in United States and means that the main function of welfare providers lies with the market and family; industrial achievement performance model in Germany based on the level of industry in a country, where the welfare depends and is closely linked to work and productivity; and the institutional-redistributive model usually applied in Scandinavian countries, in which the provision of welfare depends on needs.Subsequently, Danish sociologist G.Esping-Andersen adjusted the classification of social models develop ed by R.Titmuss by adapting it more to the political science, thus identifying three welfare state regimes (models) - liberal, conservative-corporate and social-democratic (redistributive) (Aidukaitė, 2010).These three models differ in the aspects of the organization of social policy, their dependence on the market conditions, their ideology, priorities, the impact on the country's stratification system, which means the division of society into social strata and the degree of decommodification, defining the person's liberation from the need to work while maintaining the basic standards of life (material life conditions).Some states quite clearly reflect the typology of G. Esping-Andersen. For example, Germany is an example of a conservative-corporate model, Norway or Sweden is a social-democratic model, while a liberal model is typically found in Anglo-Saxon states. However, there are many states with certain characteristics that are inherent different kind of welfare systems (models). Therefore, in different scientific research the place in the typology of some countries differs because researchers tend to emphasize a particular feature or characteristic that determines the assignment of a state to different types.This article proves, that in order to review the diversity of the whole world, three models are not enough. Given that none of these models do not exist in a pure form. Taking this into account, the main attempts to extend or to adjust the essentially considered as traditional typology by E. Esping-Andersen are presented in this article. Most of such attempts are limited to extending the typology by inserting a fourth or several additional types (models), for example, southern model, Latin region model, European Union model, post-communist states model, etc.As mentioned before, there is a large variety of social models in the world, although only three are considered as main models – liberal (in Anglo-Saxon countries), conservative (in Scandinavian countries) and social-democratic (originating from Germany).In order to determine which one of these three models may be the most competitive in the globalized economy Regional Competitiveness Index published by the European Commission has been analyzed. Regional competitiveness is understood as the ability of a region to offer an attractive and sustainable environment for firms and residents to live and work. The Regional Competitiveness Index consists of eleven indicators (pillars), divided into three groups (dimensions): basic dimension, efficiency dimension and innovation dimension. The Global Competitiveness Report, published by the World Economic Forum, was also detailed analyzed.The countries representing different social models were studied: United States and United Kingdom representing the liberal model, Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway) representing the social-democratic model and Germany representing the conservative model. The research has shown that countries with a liberal social model, compared with other models, have achieved better results in assessing their competitiveness.The particular attention is paid to the case of Lithuania – the social model as well as the development of regional policy in Lithuania have been analyzed with special focus on the decision to divide Lithuania into two regions.Having assessed all the circumstances, it is not yet clear whether the solution of division of Lithuania into two regions can be justified. Such decision was made without proper modeling of socio-economic consequences of the corresponding process. The division of Lithuania into two regions would inevitably mean greater concentration of the population in one, in economic and social sense stronger, more business-intensive and more innovative region. Therefore, the chosen decision of the division of the two regions into Lithuania can not be scientifically considered as unquestionable, consequently more detailed research is needed in order to model the consequences of such an administrative division. ; Straipsnyje siekiama nustatyti socialinio modelio įtaką regionų konkurencingumui, pateikiama detali socialinių modelių analizė, išskiriami jiems būdingi bruožai. Identifikuota, kad, nepaisant didelės socialinių modelių įvairovės, pagrindiniais laikytini trys – liberalus, konservatyvus ir socialdemokratinis – modeliai. Siekiant nustatyti, kuris iš minėtų trijų modelių gali būti tinkamiausias regionų konkurencingumui didinti, išanalizuotas Europos Komisijos skelbiamas Europos Sąjungos regionų konkurencingumo indeksas ir Pasaulio ekonomikos forumo sudaroma Pasaulio konkurencingumo ataskaita. Buvo tiriamos skirtingus socialinius modelius turinčios valstybės (valstybes sudarantys regionai): Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos ir Jungtinė Karalystė. kurioms būdingas liberalus socialinis modelis, Skandinavijos valstybės, kurioms būdingas socialdemokratinis modelis, ir Vokietija, kuriai būdingas konservatyvus socialinis modelis. Atlikus analizę buvo nustatyta, kad konkurencingiausi regionai yra tie, kuriuose taikomas liberalus socialinis modelis. Straipsnyje taip pat analizuojamas Lietuvos atvejis – įvertinama Lietuvos regioninė politika ir sprendimas perskirti Lietuvą į du regionus.

Введение. Успешная модернизация среднего профессионального образования (СПО) имеет ключевое значение для инновационного развития отечественной экономики прежде всего, для решения задачи создания высокотехнологичных рабочих мест и повышения производительности труда. Однако процесс реформирования СПО, затянувшийся на много лет, сопровождается внутренними и внешними противоречиями, тормозящими приток необходимых квалифицированных рабочих кадров на рынок труда. Цель статьи состоит в привлечении внимания к накопившимся проблемам в системе СПО, которые во многом обусловлены несогласованностью нормотворческой и законодательной деятельности Министерства образования и науки РФ, профильных комитетов Государственной Думы и Федерального Собрания РФ. Методология. Исследование, изложенное в публикации, основано на комплексном анализе нормативных и программных документов в области среднего профессионального образования и анализе реализации компетентностного подхода в практике учреждений профессионального образования. Результаты и научная новизна исследования заключаются в выявлении и обозначении явных и скрытых антиномий, существующих в системе СПО в настоящее время. Вскрыты причины запаздывающей реакции системы подготовки рабочих кадров на происходящие в экономике преобразования: несоответствие учебных программ требованиям работодателей, неудовлетворительное качество подготовки выпускников, падение престижа рабочих профессий и специальностей среди молодежи, нарушенное соотношение в цепочке непрерывного образования «рабочий техник инженер», сокращение штата мастеров профессионального обучения, незаинтересованность работодателей в совместном с педагогическим сообществом решении проблем СПО, чрезмерно дробная специализация профессий рабочих в имеющихся классификаторах и др. Обозначенные проблемы позволяют начать поиск путей их решения и вариантов действительной модернизации системы СПО, отвечающей потребностям экономики. Показана несостоятельность концепции одноуровневого СПО и ее неконкурентоспособность на фоне развития прикладного бакалавриата в высшей школе. Для формирования единой системы непрерывного профессионального обучения и эффективного функционирования региональных систем профессионального образования предлагается дифференцировать программы базового уровня для обучения квалифицированных рабочих и программы повышенного уровня для подготовки специалистов среднего звена (техников, технологов) на основе базового уровня. Такая система поможет устранить диспропорции в триаде «рабочий техник инженер» и повысит качество профессионального образования. Кроме того, указывается на необходимость полипрофессионального образования, для которого требуются укрупненные образовательные структуры, различающиеся степенью объединения разноуровневых учебных заведений на основе сетевого взаимодействия, конвергенции и интеграции. По мнению автора, в регионах следует развивать два типа учреждений и организаций СПО: территориальные многопрофильные колледжи с гибкими вариативными программами и учреждения, реализующие образовательные программы прикладных квалификаций в конкретных отраслях (металлургической, химической, строительной и т. д.) в соответствии со спецификой экономики территориальных субъектов. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны специалистам управления образованием, руководителям и педагогическим коллективам учреждений СПО, а также представителям региональных администраций и работодателям при организации многоуровневой сетевой системы подготовки квалифицированных рабочих и специалистов среднего звена. ; Introduction. Successful upgrade of the secondary professional education (SPE) has a key value for innovative development of domestic economy. First of all, the solution of a task of creation of high-technology workplaces and development of labour productivity has a key role. However, the process of reforming of SPE, which dragged on for many years, is followed by the internal and external contradictions which are slowing down an inflow of necessary skilled personnel on the labor market. The aim of the present article consists in drawing attention to the collected problems and contradictions in the system of SPE which are in many respects caused by inconsistency in rule-making and legislative activity of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, special-purpose committees of the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in education. Methods. The research is based on the analysis of normative and program documents in the field of SPE, realization of competence-based approach in practice of activity of establishments of professional education. Results and scientific novelty c onsist in identification and designation of the obvious and hidden antinomy existing in the SPE system now. The reasons for the late reaction of system of training of personnel to the transformations happening in economy are disclosed: discrepancy of training programs to requirements of employers; unsatisfactory quality of training of graduates; fall of prestige of working professions and specialties among youth; the broken ratio in a life-long education chain «a worker a technician an engineer»; reduction of the staff of masters of professional training; disinterest of employers in the joint SPE problem resolution (in cooperation with pedagogical community); excessively fractional specialization of professions of workers in available occupational classifications, etc. The designated problems enable to begin a search of ways of their decision and options of the valid upgrade of the SPE system answering to the requirements of economy. The inefficiency of the concept of one-leveled SPE and its non-competitiveness against the background of development of an applied bachelor degree at the higher school is shown. It is offered to differentiate programs of basic level for training of skilled workers and the program of the increased level for training of specialists of an average link (technicians, technologists) on the basis of basic level for forming of a single system of continuous professional training and effective functioning of regional systems of professional education. Such system will help to eliminate disproportions in a triad «a worker a technician an engineer», and will increase the quality of professional education. Furthermore, it is indicated the need of polyprofessional education wherein the integrated educational structures differing in degree of formation of split-level educational institutions on the basis of network interaction, convergence and integration are required. According to the author, in the regions it is necessary to develop two types of organizations and SPE organizations: territorial multi-profile colleges with flexible variable programs and the organizations realizing educational programs of applied qualifications in specific industries (metallurgical, chemical, construction, etc.) according to the specifics of economy of territorial subjects. Practical significance. The results of the research can be useful to specialists of management of education, heads and pedagogical staff of SPE institutions, and also representatives of regional administrations and employers while organizing the multilevel network system of training of skilled workers and experts of middle ranking.

У статті обґрунтовується доцільність методологічного відходу від дедуктивнономологічного оповідання й пояснення права у бік трансгресії правових смислів та формування метаправового простору через наративний дискурс. Отримує теоретичне обґрунтування необхідність поширення принципів деконструкції, постструктуралізму і синергетики на правову реальність з метою узгодження способів буття позитивного права й хаотичного інформаційного простору постмодерну. ; В статье обосновывается целесообразность отхода от дедуктивно-номологического повествования и объяснения права в сторону трансгрессии правовых смыслов и формирования метаправового пространства через нарративный дискурс. Теоретически обосновывается необходимость распространения принципов деконструкции, постструктурализма и синергетики на правовую реальность в целях согласованности способов бытия позитивного права и хаотичного информационного пространства постмодерна. ; The research is the philosophical and legal nature, are performed within the scope of the ontological hermeneutics within a philosophical paradigm of postmodernism and legal intersubjectivity. This is theoretical justification for the deconstruction of legal metatext. The method of deconstruction ranges positivist canons of law storytelling and opens up new possibilities of understanding law. Integration, transcommunicative processes that occur in the world today, require a legal assessment and interpretation, and simultaneously convert the modern law. The law has to be exercised on the principles of intersubjectivity, self-regulation, discursively and openness. In domestic society, the law has still not acquired the status of an absolute criterion of fairness and priority among other social regulators. Existing systems and mechanisms for the application of the law still remain in the captivity of legal positivism and administrative dependence. General post-non-classical tendencies in science and culture make the isolation of law from the new methodology is impossible. The law must take its place in politicni reality. Today, the reality is assessed as virtualized communication, understanding and representation.Legal reality is presented as a space of open discourse on many subjects, sources, texts, characters, eras and situations. Legal narrative deliberately departs from a deterministic narrative, conceptualization and stereotypes. Legal justice finds himself not in the verdict of justice, and transitive discourse. Philosophy of law does not seek to conclude this discourse, but seeks to extend it as long as possible and to attract many participants as possible. Deconstruction provides an endless transition from one legal meaning to another. This is a productive process of constructing the entity of the law. Living law ends at the time of announcement of the court verdict. The sentence is irreversible. It is the end of discourse and the legal meaning of a particular situation. There is a new way of law: the law is not a limitation, and the law is opportunity. Thus, the success and efficiency of understanding and application of law increasingly depend on the breadth of the horizon of interpretation of the legal field.The newest of socio-humanitarian and semiotic trends in the transformation of linguistic tropes from narrative to discourse is much influenced by the semantics and hermeneutics of law. The tropology is a tool of analysis and understanding of the facts, images, concepts and relationships between them, which serve as signs of reality. The reality represented in the narrative. At the same time, a tropology of legal text there is a methodology of understanding the legal situation and the logic of legal justice in the context of legal narratives. The technology of understanding in the communicative reality of law is precisely the discourse. It also guarantees legal justice on provided an independent contract. A new rationality lies in the technology of interpretation of the events. This multilateral discourse technology of interested and disinterested persons. Recorded formally the conflict of arguments and points of view constitutes an open and dynamic metanarrativ, productive concerning meanings. The mechanism of formation metalaw space through narrative discourse is a step towards liberalization and flexibility of law. The reactive dynamics of modern socio-law reality finds a good reflection in semiotics intertextual constructions.The legal hermeneutics deals with the problem of informal interpretation of the law in all its forms of existence: the texts, norms, legal situations, court cases, legal traditions, legal consciousness, and legal precedents. Hermeneutic interpretation of the law has no clear methods and techniques. It is based only on conventional principles. These principles include: subjectivity, autonomy, openness, concreteness, pragmatism, communication skills, pluralism, argumentativeness, communicative rationality. The reality of the law is known today as communication. The validity of the law consists in creation of productive discourse. This the discourse appealing to the aggravation of existing social antagonism and its settlement by the way of optimal consensus achievement. The justice is always the goal of legal discourse but its ethic and legal meanings are changeable.In legal reality, the verdict of justice stops the discourse of justice, and with it the emergence of the semantic field. However, the legal situation continues to evolve. Events, information, and opinions of the subjects, their value, evaluating the significance of finally legal reality and the laws themselves are not standing still. Have a thorough study of the relationship between the mode of completion of the narrative and the possibilities of the formation of meaning in it.In this study the expediency of departing from deductive-nomological narration and explanation of law toward transgression of legal meanings was substantiated and formation of metalegal space via narrative discourse. Theoretical substantiation of the need to extend applicability of the principles of deconstruction, post-structuralism and synergy onto legal reality to bring into accord the methods of existence of positive law and chaotic postmodern information space was given. There is a reassessment of the basic foundations and principles of interpretation of law, the position of postmodern philosophy. The author comprehends the use of technology intertextual narrative in a legal text. Based on the principle of Jacques Derrida: the world as text. Through deconstruction of legal metatext becomes possible semantic dynamics of the legal field. It is an adaptation of law to changing and creative contemporary reality.