Suchergebnisse

European Foreign and Security Policy The EU represents one in a series of efforts to integrate Europe since World War II, and to achieve, inter alia, diplomatic stability and military security. In 1957 the Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC), that was renamed European Communities (EC) by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. A series of further international treaties and treaty revisions based largely on this model led eventually to the creation of the EU. In the early 1970s the European Political Cooperation (EPC; renamed the Common Foreign and Security Policy by the Maastricht Treaty), consisting of regular meetings of the foreign ministers of each country, was established to coordinate foreign policy. As part of the second pillar of the Maastricht Treaty, members undertook to define and implement common foreign and security policies. Members agreed that, where possible, they would adopt common defense policies, which would be implemented through the Western European Union (WEU), a security organization that included many EU members. The WEU, that run from 1955 until 2011, was made up of 10countries, and operated as a forum for the coordination of matters of European security and defense. The WEU became the primary defense institution of the EU in the 1990s, though it gave up that role in 2001. The assembly of the WEU consisted of the delegates of the member countries to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE). The Council of Europe (CoE) is an older and wider circle of nations than the 28-member European Union —it includes, for example, Russia and Turkey among its member states. The WEU contributed to the creation of the NATO and worked in cooperation with the Atlantic Alliance. NATO and the EU currently have 22 member countries in common. Relations between NATO and the EU were institutionalized in 2001, building on steps taken during the 1990s to promote greater European responsibility in defense matters. The 2002 NATO-EU Declaration on a European Security and ...

Es bleibt schwierig: in absehbarer Zeit kann der große Vertrauensverlust nicht überwunden werden, der zwischen Russland und seinen europäischen Nachbarn herrscht. Trotz des generellen Wunsches nach Wiederannäherung gibt es auf politischer Ebene und im Werteverständnis erhebliche Differenzen, die sich nicht wegdiskutieren lassen. (IP)

The experience of working together with Egon Bahr began for Hans J. Giessmann as staff member of the Institute for International Politics in East Berlin. The following article reflects on the contribution of the German-German security policy dialogue, and related joint research consultations, in particular, to pave the way for a peaceful regime change in East Germany and the following re-unification of Germany. Egon Bahr's role in that was pivotal. His approach of "change through rapprochement" helped erode the legitimacy of having two German states in Europe. In the following, the development from the "Back Channel" to "Track 1.5", which was driven by Bahr's relentless effort to establish a common dialogue between East and West Germany, is illustrated. (S+F/Pll)