Suchergebnisse

Abstract Background A peculiar phenomenon of engaging insurance intermediaries for government funded health insurance schemes for the poor, not usually found globally, is gaining ground in India. Rajiv Aarogyasri Scheme launched in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, is first largest tax funded community health insurance scheme in the country covering more than 20 million poor families. Aarogyasri Health Care Trust (trust), the scheme administrator, transfers funds to hospitals through two routes one, directly and the other through an insurance intermediary. The objective of this paper is to find out if engaging an insurance intermediary has any effect on cost efficiency of the insurance scheme. Methods We used payment data of RAS for the period 2007–12, to find out the influence of insurance intermediary on the two variables, benefit cost ratio defined as benefit payment divided by premium payment, and claim denial ratio defined as benefit payment divided by treatment cost. Relationship between scheme expenditure and number of beds empanelled under the scheme is examined. OLS regression is used to perform all analyses. Results We found that adding an additional layer of insurance intermediary between the trust and hospitals reduced the benefit cost ratio under the scheme by 12.2 % (p-value = 0.06). Every addition of 100 beds under the scheme increases the scheme payments by US$ 0.75 million (p-value < 0.001). The gap in claim denial ratio between insurance and trust modes narrowed down from 2.84 % in government hospitals to 0.41 % in private hospitals (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions The scheme is a classic case of Roemer's principle in operation. Introduction of insurance intermediary has the twin effects of reduction in benefit payments to beneficiaries, and chocking fund flow to government hospitals. The idea of engaging insurance intermediary should be abandoned.

"February 2, 1999." ; Shipping list no.: 99-0155-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; "Referred to the Committee on International Relations." ; Mode of access: Internet.

"In an age of government imposed austerity, and after 30 years of neo-liberal restructuring, the future of the welfare state looks increasingly uncertain. Asbjørn Wahl offers an accessible analysis of the situation across Europe, identifies the most important challenges and presents practical proposals for combating the assault on welfare. Wahl argues that the welfare state should be seen as the result of a class compromise forged in the 20th century, which means that it cannot easily be exported internationally. He considers the enormous shifts in power relations and the profound internal changes to the welfare state which have occurred during the neo-liberal era, pointing to the paradigm shift that the welfare state is going through. This is illustrated by the shift from welfare to workfare and increased top-down control. As well as being a fascinating study in its own right that will appeal to students of economics and politics, The Rise and Fall of the Welfare State also points to an alternative way forward for the trade union movement based on concrete examples of struggles and alliance-building."--Publisher's website

THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE STATIST PERSPECTIVE ON EAST ASIAN POLITICAL ECONOMY. THE STATIST PERSPECTIVE IS FOUND LACKING IN ITS CLAIMS TO EXPLAIN ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, NEGLECTFUL OF INTRA-STATE DYNAMICS, AND INADEQUATE IN ITS DEPICTIONS OF STATE-SOCIETY RELATIONS. STUDIES ATTEMPTING TO REMEDY THESE SHORTCOMINGS THROUGH AN APPLICATION OF CONCEPTS FROM NETWORK THEORY ARE ALSO EXAMINED. THESE STUDIES PROVIDE A CONCEPTUALLY RICHER DESCRIPTION OF STATE-SOCIETY INTERACTION. HOWEVER, THEY ALL SHORT OF EXPLAINING THE ESSENTIALLY POLITICAL NATURE OF INTERACTION, BOTH BETWEEN STATE AND SOCIETY AND WITHIN THE STATE. NEW DIRECTIONS FORE RESEARCH ARE SUGGESTED. THE KEY ELEMENTS OF THE ALTERNATIVE APPROACH ARE POLITICS, INSTITUTIONS AND LEADERSHIP CHOICE. THESE FACTORS ARE WIDELY ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE MUTUALLY INFLUENCING; HOWEVER, THE NATURE OF THEIR INTERRELATIONS IS ONLY VAGUELY UNDERSTOOD. A CRUCIAL TASK OF RESEARCH LIES IN EXPLAINING HOW POLITICS, INSTITUTIONS AND LEADERSHIP CHOICES INTERACT TO CONSTITUTE LINES OF POLICY AND TO SHAPE TRAJECTORIES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

First made available online on 12 December 2019. ; The protracted debate on the welfare state has failed to produce conclusive answers as to either the nature or causes of welfare state development. This article has three aims: 1) to reintegrate the debate into the intellectual tradition of political economy. This serves to put into sharper focus the principal theoretical questions involved; 2) to specify what are the salient characteristics of welfare states. The conventional ways of measuring welfare states in terms of their expenditures will no longer do; 3) to "sociologize" the study of welfare states. Most studies have assumed a world of linearity: or spending. This more or less power, article insists industrialization that we understand welfare states as clusters of regime-types, and that their development must be explained interactively. ; This is part of an ongoing project on welfare states and labor markets , funded by the Research Council of the IUE and European Community.

This article adds to the emergent picture of caste practices among Indian Muslim communities through a focus on caste-based discourses and practices in the contemporary OBC Muslim Chhipa community (OBC, short for 'Other Backward Class', is an Indian-government designation). The article examines Muslim Chhipa origin stories, marriage practices and language strategies and shows the ways in which these phenomena—and attitudes about them—allow Muslim Chhipas to articulate and enact strategies of upward mobility and respectability. Central to these strategies is the idea of 'Islam', though not in its expected guise as a religion of equality. The article also shows that Islam plays a different but ultimately complementary role in intra-Chhipa relations, allowing for continued caste pride. However, the upward mobility achieved by some suggests that caste practices and beliefs in Muslim communities remain linked to pan-South Asian notions of purity and pollution and, as such, perpetuate discrimination against dalit Muslims.

"The terrorist destruction of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 was the climax of a course plotted by Osama Bin Laden to bring about his apocalyptic vision of a decisive clash between the Western and Moslem worlds. This timely volume details the organizational workings and belief system of Bin Laden's brutal campaign. The authors explore the background and objectives of the attacks, the elaborate planning that went into them, and the process of their practical execution.In addition to its factual account, The Globalization of Terror makes a significant contribution to scholarly and theoretical research dealing with international terror. The book offers a unique analysis of the Afghan "alumni," who had previously fought the Soviets in the 1980s, within the overall tapestry related to modern international terror. The authors detail how their activities evolved from a movement of national self-defense to the militant worldview identified with radical Islam. The book reveals, as well, the organizational structure so carefully erected by Bin Laden and his associates, in order to realize the vision of a worldwide Islamic Caliphate in practical terms. The book is intended to work as a set of guidelines for newcomers to the world of international terrorism including anti-terror task forces, heads of security companies as well as professionals in the field.The importance of The Globalization of Terror lies in its clear presentation and precise analysis regarding the dimensions of the danger international terror poses to the free world, and in its recommendations for the necessary strategy to prevent the recurrence of acts of large-scale terror."--Provided by publisher.

Human rights have been in the practice of international relations, but they have not been central to academic thinking on International Relations (IR) for most of the century since the discipline became institutionalized in 1919. We suggest two related reasons for this relative neglect by the IR community. First, the US heartland of IR prioritized other institutions of international order during the 1950s and 1960s, primarily the balance of power, diplomacy, and arms control. Second, human rights were treated with suspicion by realists in particular given their view that morality in foreign policy was potentially disruptive of international order. If the emergent discipline of IR largely ignored the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, so did the rest of the world according to the revisionist history of human rights offered by Samuel Moyn. He challenges the idea that the birth of the regime was the culmination of a 150-year struggle that began in the minds of Enlightenment thinkers and ended with a new globalized framework of rights for all. While IR was slow to come to human rights, the pace in the last three decades has quickened considerably; the area of protecting the basic right of security from violence being a case in point, where several IR scholars have been pivotal in the development of action-guiding theory. Developing a critical theme in Carr's The Twenty Years' Crisis 1919-1939, we consider whether these institutional developments represent great illusions or great transformations in international relations in Carr's terms.

Taking Risks the Safe Way was developed as a knowledge‐building tool and research reference for nonprofit organizations across Ontario. The contents of this document will also guide the work of government in supporting capacity‐building among voluntary and community organizations, and provide a valuable resource for the insurance industry in serving the nonprofit sector. Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation ; Ontario. Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration. Voluntary Sector Relations Unit(2009). Taking risks the safe way: risk management and insurance practices of Ontario's Voluntary Sector (Working Paper Series. Volume 2009). Toronto: Ted Rogers School of Management. Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Ryerson University.

At head of title: 106th Congress, 2d session. ; "June 22, 2000 - message and accompanying papers referred to the Committee on International Relations and ordered to be printed." ; Mode of access: Internet.

At head of title: 106th Congress, 2d session. ; "June 22, 2000 - message and accompanying papers referred to the Committee on International Relations and ordered to be printed." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects that pharmacist-provided patient care services can have on patient health outcomes. However, the effectiveness of patient care services delivered by pharmacists in community pharmacy settings, where organizational barriers may affect service implementation or limit effectiveness, remains unclear. The authors systematically reviewed the literature on the effectiveness of pharmacist-delivered patient care services in community pharmacy settings in the United States. Of the 749 articles retrieved, 21 were eligible for inclusion in the review. Information concerning 134 outcomes was extracted from the included articles. Of these, 50 (37.3%) demonstrated statistically significant, beneficial intervention effects. The percentage of studies reporting favorable findings ranged from 50% for blood pressure to 0% for lipids, safety outcomes, and quality of life. Our findings suggest that evidence supporting the effectiveness of pharmacist-provided direct patient care services delivered in the community pharmacy setting is more limited than in other settings.