A fin de reducir la propagación del virus COVID-19, los Estados vienen adoptando diversas medidas para resguardar la salud pública y los demás intereses de sus poblaciones, acciones que no están exentas de críticas, algunas serán consideradas necesarias y razonables, adoptadas de conformidad con las facultades regulatorias estatales previstas por el derecho internacional.Otras, en cambio, por ser arbitrarias, desproporcionales y discriminatorias, podrán ser entendidas como violatorias del derecho internacional de las inversiones y de específicos estándares contenidos en los tratados de inversión. Probablemente, en relación con muchas de esas medidas, las voces más discordantes serán de los inversores extranjeros que considerarán sus intereses severamente perjudicados.Por esta situación de colisión entre regímenes jurídicos e intereses —protección de la salud pública vs protección de la inversión extranjera—, este artículo explora cómo los amicus curiae, en momentos de emergencia como el que estamos viviendo, resultarán de especial relevancia para la emisión de decisiones razonables por los tribunales en los próximos arbitrajes internacionales de inversión referidos a salud pública. De consolidarse la participación adecuada de amicus curiae en procedimientos con claro interés público involucrado, será un elemento que contribuirá de manera fundamental en la implementación de mecanismos de transparencia en el sistema de solución de controversias entre inversionistas y Estados, absolutamente necesario para su legitimidad.
El objeto de estudio de este trabajo es analizar la estrategia de comunicación empleada por los grandes destinos turísticos de carácter urbano en Facebook y Twitter durante la primera etapa de la crisis generada por la pandemia de COVID-19, así como ilustrar los diversos grados de uso de estos medios sociales e identificar posibles casos de buenas prácticas. Como técnica metodológica, se utiliza el análisis de contenido de las cuentas oficiales de los destinos incluidos en el estudio City Tourism Performance Research, que recoge casos de éxito en el turismo urbano. En total, se analizan 1.695 posts y 925 tuits publicados entre los meses de febrero y abril de 2020 en los perfiles oficiales de Facebook y Twitter de los Organismos de Marketing de Destino (OMD) de Amberes, Berlín, Bogotá, Buenos Aires, Copenhague, Ciudad del Cabo, Hangzhou, Linz, Málaga, Marrakech, Pekín, Seúl, Sapporo, Tianjin, Tokio y Turín. Se observa que los destinos estudiados redujeron de forma drástica su presencia en las redes sociales, que fueron utilizadas más como vía de información que como canal de interacción. Se concluye que desde el punto de vista de la comunicación los destinos turísticos no contaron con una verdadera estrategia de gestión de crisis.
The crisis and national emergency situation that has generated the pandemic by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that generates the Covid-19 disease, has caused among a great variety of consequences at the political, econòmic and social level that the situation of violence in gender against women has been exposed. A review of measures to contain gender violence, early detection tools and an analysis of the gender impact of this problem during the Covid-19 pandemic is a need that has emerged during this current period of crisis. This study has been carried out during the first months of confinement through a systematic bibliographic review of primary and secondary sources, analyzing the most relevant containment responses and an analysis of the impact that the pandemic causes on the family and work situation of the woman. The initial results suggest that this health crisis will have serious consequences for women in terms of increasing social and employment inequalities, a higher rate of contagion of the disease by occupying feminized employment niches associated with the health and care sector, and in terms of gender violence, confinement with the aggressor is a determining factor in the production of this type of violence against women and their children. ; La situación de crisis y emergencia nacional que ha creado la pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 que genera la enfermedad Covid-19, ha ocasionado, entre una gran variedad de consecuencias a nivel político, económico y social, el que la situación de violencia de género contra la mujer se haya puesto en evidencia. Una revisión de las medidas de contención de la violencia de género, de las herramientas de detección precoz y un análisis del impacto de género de esta problemática durante la pandemia de Covid-19 es una necesidad que ha surgido durante este periodo actual de crisis. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo durante los primeros meses de confinamiento mediante una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de fuentes primarias y secundarias, analizando las respuestas de ...
El presente estudio reflexiona sobre la resiliencia organizacional en las instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) ante la pandemia COVID-19. Enmarcado en una investigación documental, presenta la necesidad actual de enfrentarse a situaciones de incertidumbre y cambios paradigmáticos dentro de la organización resiliente, tomando en cuenta las características de los individuos que forman las IES, sus valores, su capacidad de reinventarse para obtener soluciones que permitan el funcionamiento de la IES a pesar de escenarios adversos como son las crisis en las universidades sumadas a los efectos ocasionados por las medidas de distanciamiento social que han obligado a las IES a virtualizar sus procesos educativos ante la pandemia sanitaria del COVID-19.
The most relevant topic at the moment – the new Coronavirus and the influence it has bring to our economies, communities, health and all the other spheres. One of the most damaged sector – transport and tourism. This paper aim to analyse the changes in customer behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic, how does it change people plans for travelling at the moment and in a long term, also traveller's behaviour in organizing trips, selecting destination or an accommodation. The research was carried out using scientific literature analysis and a quantitative research was used for receiving a data about current changes in tourist behaviour which is extremely relevant at the moment. Tourism was one of the most growing industry, counting steady growth for 10 years in a row and reaching the record of 1.5 billion international tourists in year 2019 (UNWTO, 2020) and the forecast for the upcoming year was further growth of 4 % but now it is obvious that instead of a growth tourism industry will face sharp decline due to cancelled flights, closed hotels and restaurants, even borders of the many countries in EU, USA, Asia. Everything changed really rapidly as new Coronavirus fit China in the end of 2019 and soon spread in other countries and continents. This world is facing various risks every day from terror, wars, economy crises, nature disasters to biological virus mutations – all threats cause enormous influence to society and customer behaviour. Consumer behaviour – the decisions that people make to buy or not to buy a product or service, and the factors that influence their decisions (Mowen, 1987). Many scientists agree that consumer behaviour is highly affected by environment and any changes that happen in society. B.F. Skinner was focused not into the individual but into environment and the reaction of people into changes in environment. According to Jan Krajhanzl (2010) consumer behaviour is influenced by internal and external factors. One type of external factors are situational factors like: weather conditions, time, catastrophes, epidemics and other. No other economic sector is so connected with environment like tourism, on which it depends. There are few types of risks on tourism: 1. Nature: storms, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, tsunamis, floods, etc. 2. Technology: risks, caused by unlimited technological development. 3. Political: wars, conflicts, terror. 4. Biological: viruses, infectious diseases. (Robertson, Kean, Moore 2006) Those global challenges have power on most countries tourism sector: in regions where one or another risk if happening, number of tourist drop rapidly (Damulienė, 2011). Current global risk – COVID-19 virus, which caused worldwide pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) characterized Coronavirus as pandemic on 19th of March, 2020. In a very short time this virus changed people life: many countries are in a lockdown, which leads to closed restaurants, shopping places, public events and many other spheres. One of the most effective way of avoiding virus is staying at home with no physical contact which leads to negative influence to individual's mental health (WHO 2020). The research of the paper was conducted in March – April, 2020. 277 people from Lithuania answered to online survey questions. Results were analysed with Excel. Profile of the respondents were people from 19 to 65 years, mostly 35-55 years old, active travellers, travelling abroad one and more times per year (81.8 %). Questions were divided into 3 blocks with 15 statements in each and respondents needed to evaluate statement in scale from "totally agree", "agree", "neutral", "disagree", "totally disagree". Results revealed that safety if the most important factor for choosing a destination for travelling (93.5 % agree and totally agree with statement). Also, most of the people agree (89.3 %) that they will travel only when they will be sure about safety due to COVID-19. Now 85 % of respondents cancelled or are planning to cancel their future trips due the virus. Despite the huge current influence of the virus, most of the respondents agree that they would like to travel if not the negative Coronavirus news, this means that the virus did not stop people from willing to travel. Summing up all information and research made it is obvious that Coronavirus have a huge influence on society and consumer behaviour in various ways and especially in tourism sector. Changing behaviour is forecasted for the future also: travellers will choose to travel to more remote destinations, avoid mass places, travel more individually and avoid group travelling. Huge attention will be on health and hygiene conditions in places of interest, accommodation and restaurants sector, also for other traveller's health situation
The most relevant topic at the moment – the new Coronavirus and the influence it has bring to our economies, communities, health and all the other spheres. One of the most damaged sector – transport and tourism. This paper aim to analyse the changes in customer behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic, how does it change people plans for travelling at the moment and in a long term, also traveller's behaviour in organizing trips, selecting destination or an accommodation. The research was carried out using scientific literature analysis and a quantitative research was used for receiving a data about current changes in tourist behaviour which is extremely relevant at the moment. Tourism was one of the most growing industry, counting steady growth for 10 years in a row and reaching the record of 1.5 billion international tourists in year 2019 (UNWTO, 2020) and the forecast for the upcoming year was further growth of 4 % but now it is obvious that instead of a growth tourism industry will face sharp decline due to cancelled flights, closed hotels and restaurants, even borders of the many countries in EU, USA, Asia. Everything changed really rapidly as new Coronavirus fit China in the end of 2019 and soon spread in other countries and continents. This world is facing various risks every day from terror, wars, economy crises, nature disasters to biological virus mutations – all threats cause enormous influence to society and customer behaviour. Consumer behaviour – the decisions that people make to buy or not to buy a product or service, and the factors that influence their decisions (Mowen, 1987). Many scientists agree that consumer behaviour is highly affected by environment and any changes that happen in society. B.F. Skinner was focused not into the individual but into environment and the reaction of people into changes in environment. According to Jan Krajhanzl (2010) consumer behaviour is influenced by internal and external factors. One type of external factors are situational factors like: weather conditions, time, catastrophes, epidemics and other. No other economic sector is so connected with environment like tourism, on which it depends. There are few types of risks on tourism: 1. Nature: storms, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, tsunamis, floods, etc. 2. Technology: risks, caused by unlimited technological development. 3. Political: wars, conflicts, terror. 4. Biological: viruses, infectious diseases. (Robertson, Kean, Moore 2006) Those global challenges have power on most countries tourism sector: in regions where one or another risk if happening, number of tourist drop rapidly (Damulienė, 2011). Current global risk – COVID-19 virus, which caused worldwide pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) characterized Coronavirus as pandemic on 19th of March, 2020. In a very short time this virus changed people life: many countries are in a lockdown, which leads to closed restaurants, shopping places, public events and many other spheres. One of the most effective way of avoiding virus is staying at home with no physical contact which leads to negative influence to individual's mental health (WHO 2020). The research of the paper was conducted in March – April, 2020. 277 people from Lithuania answered to online survey questions. Results were analysed with Excel. Profile of the respondents were people from 19 to 65 years, mostly 35-55 years old, active travellers, travelling abroad one and more times per year (81.8 %). Questions were divided into 3 blocks with 15 statements in each and respondents needed to evaluate statement in scale from "totally agree", "agree", "neutral", "disagree", "totally disagree". Results revealed that safety if the most important factor for choosing a destination for travelling (93.5 % agree and totally agree with statement). Also, most of the people agree (89.3 %) that they will travel only when they will be sure about safety due to COVID-19. Now 85 % of respondents cancelled or are planning to cancel their future trips due the virus. Despite the huge current influence of the virus, most of the respondents agree that they would like to travel if not the negative Coronavirus news, this means that the virus did not stop people from willing to travel. Summing up all information and research made it is obvious that Coronavirus have a huge influence on society and consumer behaviour in various ways and especially in tourism sector. Changing behaviour is forecasted for the future also: travellers will choose to travel to more remote destinations, avoid mass places, travel more individually and avoid group travelling. Huge attention will be on health and hygiene conditions in places of interest, accommodation and restaurants sector, also for other traveller's health situation
Este artículo analiza el discurso monologal del presidente argentino Alberto Fernández referido a la pandemia COVID-19, en las conferencias de prensa y anuncios oficiales que pronunció entre el 15 de marzo y el 17 julio de 2020. Caracteriza lo que denomina ethos pedagógico oral, imagen de sí que legitima su política sanitaria y su propio liderazgo. A la vez, atenúa la polémica característica del discurso político, lo que tiende a darle una imagen de moderado que lo diferencia de su vicepresidenta Cristina Fernández de Kirchner y a buscar la unidad nacional. El trabajo considera también la semiosis de la puesta en escena mediática, que tiene dos funciones centrales: co-construir el ethos pedagógico oral y la unidad nacional. ; This paper analyzes speeches during press conferences and official announcements delivered by Argentine President Alberto Fernández between March 15 and July 17, 2020 referring to the COVID-19 pandemic. It characterizes the president's image of itself to legitimize his health policy and his leadership through what theoretical literature calls oral pedagogical ethos. This ethos attenuates the controversial characteristic of political discourse, showing him as a moderate politician -in opposition to the imagen of his vice president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner-. Hence, his ethos' aim is to lead the people towards national unity. The paper also considers the semiosis of a media whose two central functions are co-constructing the president's oral pedagogical ethos and the national unity.
No Brasil, a pandemia de COVID-19 já totalizou até o mês de abril mais de 30 mil casos confirmados. O vírus possui alto risco de transmissibilidade principalmente no ambiente de saúde, por isso é necessário que os profissionais que atuam nesse espaço tenham a disposição os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI). Considerando a alta demanda de EPI em um hospital pediátrico da região de Santa Catarina, um grupo de pesquisadores do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC), expandiu um projeto de extensão já existente, chamado "Impressão 3D aplicada à medicina II; da sala de aula para a cirurgia", a fim de atender a solicitação do serviço na confecção de protetores faciais a partir da impressão 3D. Para isso o grupo da instituição de ensino ofereceu treinamento aos funcionários do hospital, visto que o serviço possui uma impressora 3D, bem como mentoria na confecção das máscaras e outros protótipos. Essa interação permitiu uma aproximação da comunidade acadêmica com os funcionários, além de possibilitar um feedback instantâneo, permitindo ajustes e aperfeiçoamento do modelo produzido, que foi disponibilizado imediatamente para as equipes do hospital e outras instituições.
El presente artículo propone identificar las principales afectaciones que el Covid-19 ha causado en el municipio de Guaymas Sonora mediante un estudio exploratorio. Esta investigación permitirá tener una perspectiva más amplia sobre la situación de la COVID-19 en las empresas de Sonora, México. Al mismo tiempo, permitirá conocer: las interferencias por las que las empresas pasaron durante la fase de suspensión de labores, cómo estaba la situación antes del paro, si fueron beneficiadas con apoyos gubernamentales y mostrará las principales afectaciones en la economía Sonorense. English abstract This article proposes to identify the main effects that Covid-19 has caused in the municipality of Guaymas Sonora through an exploratory study. This research will allow a broader perspective about COVID-19 in companies in Sonora, Mexico. At the same time, it will allow to know: the interferences that the companies went through during the phase of suspension of work, how the situation was before the strike, if they were benefited with government support and will show the main effects on the Sonoran economy. video resumen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9Gisj_pWMU&t=8s
