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This article attempts to set forth, in as nearly comprehensive and organized a manner as possible, a range of problems referring to the political development of Communist China whose investigation would not only advance our understanding of contemporary Chinese politics but would also produce results of value for the general study of politics. Our focus is particularly, but not exclusively, on events since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Our procedure is to move from the general to the specific: that is, to inquire, first, what are the most general classes of political phenomena with which the Chinese political system has affinities; second, what are the most general developmental trends which can be observed in the Chinese revolution; and third, what are the particular aspects of the dynamics of the Chinese political system which offer rewarding opportunities for research.

This textbook covers the political history of India since Indpendence with chapter titles including: Challenges of Nation Building, Era of One-Party Dominance, Politics of Planned Development, India's External Relations, Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System, The Crisis of Democratic Order, Rise of Popular Movements, Regional Aspirations, and Recent Developments in Indian Politics. Made available by the National Repository of Open Educational Resources of India.

Jean A. Laponce contributed significantly to the study of political science, particularly in the fields of French and comparative politics, pluralism, the meaning of right and left, and the politics of ethnicity and language. His most influential writings focused on the politics of multilingual societies. He examined the place of language from three perspectives: the territorial imperative—a bounded formal space providing safety and dominance for a single language; the problems of nonterritorially based linguistic minorities; and the rivalries and conflicts between languages in contact. Finally, he dealt with the survival of minority languages and the fate of languages globally. This review article evaluates Laponce's contributions to political science.

It is strongly suggested that the customary sequence of events starting with sci & terminating with policymaking lacks empirical confirmation; that in fact, the actual sequence of events is primarily determined by policy stances & terminates with some form of sci'fic investigation, geared however to legitimation rather than explanation. 4 empirical case studies are examined: Brown vs Board of Educ, Project Clear, Project Camelot, & the D. Moynihan Report. In each case it is evident that the causal model most appropriate is one that recognizes the legitimation role of soc sci as dominant. The article concludes with an examination of key factors in the present structure of gov & sci that makes the teleological model central; it also points out that such a model is neither better nor worse than the customary way of viewing the relationships; the only diff is in implication & explication. Modified HA.

The intellectual movement to interpret fascism, Nazism, and Stalinism as "political religions" has generated lively debates and an intensive publication program for over a decade. The scholarly trend has been closely associated with a revival of the concept of totalitarianism, reconfigured to account for the popular appeal and violent fervor of twentieth-century mass movements of the extreme right and left. As theoreticians of political religion have been preoccupied with arguments about the definition of religion and the problems of comparison, two stumbling blocks have become increasingly apparent. First, historians of Soviet communism, who since the early 1990s have empirically and conceptually transformed the study of Stalinism and Soviet history, have either exhibited "utter neglect" of the political-religion concept or have shunned it due to the scientism and official atheism of the regime. As a result, comparisons in the political-religion mode have generally been carried out by scholars not expert in Soviet history. Second, and closely related to this, even sympathetic critics have found secular religion too blunt a tool and too generic a concept to probe the "novel, supranational, but historically specific . . . sense of mission" produced by radical interwar regimes. Soviet communism as a project, more than fascism, was deeply invested in viewing its own ideology as genuinely scientific.