Suchergebnisse

Die Autoren skizzieren den bildungspolitischen Hintergrund der Debatte um die Ganztagserziehung und stellen die Methodologie der in den Beiträgen des Bandes angewandten Vergleiche dar: "Die Autoren... haben sich... an einem Vergleichsraster orientiert, in dem vier Ebenen unterschieden werden: organisationsbezogene Fragen, personalbezogene Merkmale, die Perspektive der Adressat(inn)en und disziplinär-theoretische Aspekte." Abschließend folgt eine Kurzdarstellung der einzelnen Beiträge. (DIPF/Bi.).

Today's world is fraught with perils and pandemics. Education offers structure, stability, and hope for the future, supporting conflict resolution, peacebuilding efforts, and scientific research that can help prevent and mitigate both natural and manmade disasters. With these values in mind, how can universities apply their experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic to other emergency situations? How can they ensure accessibility to education under any circumstances without compromising on quality? With diverse contributions from Afghanistan, Turkey, Lebanon, Pakistan, Kenya, India, Saudi Arabia, and Bangladesh, Higher Education in Emergencies: International Case Studies challenges educators to design curriculums that focus on resilience and equip staff with the capability to navigate future scenarios, and students with the skills they need to someday solve them. Avoiding prescriptive standards and advocating for programmes that address the needs of individual campuses, chapters feature evidence-rich case studies that identify both the gaps in addressing vulnerabilities as well as exemplary responses that have led the way in promoting institutional adaptability. Championing a variety of the lessons taken from across the globe, Higher Education in Emergencies: International Case Studies provides a critical toolkit for preparing universities for the next pandemic, earthquake, or civil conflict.

This important new volume advances current role theory scholarship, offering concrete theoretical suggestions of how foreign policy analysis and IR theory could benefit from a closer integration of role theory. It will be of great interest to all scholars and students of international relations, foreign policy and international politics.

Economic sanctions have been actively used against Iran in the last four decades. In response to sanctions, Iran has adopted a range of survivalist policies with notable environmental implications. This study provides the first extensive overview of the unintended environmental impacts of international economic sanctions on Iran. It is argued that while sanctions are certainly not the root cause of Iran's major environmental problems, they have had an undeniable impact on Iran's environment by: (1) restricting its access to technology, service, and know-how; (2) blocking international environmental aid; and (3) increasing the natural resource-intensity of its economy. Sanctions have effectively limited Iran's economic growth and its ability to decouple its economy from natural resources, thereby growing the role of natural resources in Iran's political economy. Overall, sanctions have made economic production much costlier to its environment, which is not currently considered a priority in the policy agenda of the Iranian leaders who manage the country in survival mode while aggressively pursuing their ideology. The study calls for increased attention to the overlooked environmental impacts of sanctions on Iran with major health, justice, and human rights implications that could be transgenerational and transboundary.

A number of countries worldwide provide for a statutory minimum wage. Generally speaking, however, it is not a living wage, although the right to a living wage is guaranteed in a variety of agreements under both international and European law. The Council of Europe's European Social Charter (ESC), for example, codifies a living wage and, according to the case-law of its supervisory body, the level of 60 per cent of the net average wage is to be taken as the basis for appropriate remuneration. This article argues that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union also incorporates the right to a living wage, which should be at least 60 per cent of the net average wage. The Charter is legally binding for EU institutions, agencies and other bodies. Member States are bound only to the extent that the material scope of the relevant EU laws has been opened, which is the case when EU law is implemented or when obligations arising out of specific Union legislation are required for the relevant subject area, as will be explained in the article. In purely national situations nevertheless, values laid down in international law have to be observed when interpreting national laws.