Suchergebnisse

The 1995 Chronic for Maghrébins in France develops six points: 1. Immigration as an electoral issue, 2. The Franco-Algerian relationship, with the GIA attacks and the Algerian presidential elections. 3. The blocking of immigration and the issue of irregular migration. 4. Integration policies in search of a new impetus. 5. Social integration processes revealed by a major INED survey, 6. Finally, 1995 saw further negotiations and progress towards the organisation of Islam in France. ; International audience The 1995 chronicle of Maghrebians in France has six headings: 1. Immigration as an electoral stake 2. France-Algeria relationships and GIA bombings in Paris 3. Immigratin blocking and the issue of irregular migrants 4. Integration policies waiting for a new life 5. Social integration revealed by a big INED survey 6. Organizing France Islam ; The 1995 Chronic for Maghrébins in France develops six points: 1. Immigration as an electoral issue, 2. The Franco-Algerian relationship, with the GIA attacks and the Algerian presidential elections. 3. The blocking of immigration and the issue of irregular migration. 4. Integration policies in search of a new impetus. 5. Social integration processes revealed by a major INED survey, 6. Finally, 1995 saw further negotiations and progress towards the organisation of Islam in France. ; La chronique de l'année 1995 pour les Maghrébins en France développe six points: 1. L'immigration comme enjeu électoral, 2. La relation franco-algérienne, avec les attentats du GIA puis les élections présidentielles algériennes. 3. Le blocage de l'immigration et la question des irréguliers. 4. Les politiques d'intégration à la recherche d'un nouveau souffle. 5. Les processus sociaux d'intégration révélés par une grande enquête de l'INED, 6. Enfin, l'année 1995 voit se poursuivre tractations et péripéties pour l'organisation de l'Islam de France

Recently, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued decision C-131/12, which was considered a major breakthrough in Internet data protection. The general public welcomed this decision as an actualization of the controversial "right to be forgotten", which was introduced in the initial draft for a new regulation on data protection and repeatedly amended, due to objections by various Member States and major companies involved in massive processing of personal data. This paper attempts to delve into the content of that decision and examine if it indeed involves the right to be forgotten, if such a right exists at all, and to what extent it can be stated and enforced.

This is my annual post about the new films I saw over the prior year. Here's a link to last year's list if you want to work backwards through my choices over time. I made the following point last year and it remains true thanks to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic:I saw nearly all of these films at home rather than at my local multiplex. I think the last movie I saw in the cinema was Little Women in December 2019. On Long Island. I vividly recall the experience and miss it dearly. This first group of films is excellent. All that were eligible last year (the top 5) were nominated for Oscars and were worthy of those nominations. The 2020 Oscar competition allowed for films released early in 2021 to be eligible for consideration, which explains why they are included here. As for the "new" crop of 2021 films, I found Limbo to be excellent with a potent political (and humanistic) message about the duty to care for refugees. Power of the Dog is a novel western in that it addresses themes not ordinarily present in the genre. Tier INomadlandJudas and the Black MessiahThe FatherOne Night in MiamiQuo Vadis, Aida?LimboPower of the DogThese next films were also entertaining, but they were clearly a notch below the selections in the top tier. CODA is earning a lot of awards buzz and may well be worth it. I found it to have predictable "movie of the week" themes, but it is very well done and it reveals a bit of the world unfamiliar to most of us. King Richard was also well done, but it relies upon a number of sport film tropes that will be familiar to viewers. Shiva Baby was very hard to watch at times, with extremely awkward situations and an atonal soundtrack. It may make your skin crawl, but it is smart. See Rams. I really wanted to like Don't Look Up and I very much appreciated its message about science, but I think it may have been overly ambitious with its attacks on media and celebrity culture. It wasn't as funny as it should have been despite the all-star cast and production team. By contrast, I Care a Lot is excellent social satire that is quite well written and funny. Its targets are not as ambitious. Tier III Care A LotKing RichardQuiet Place IIRamsCODANo Sudden MovesDon't Look UpNo Time to DieShiva BabyRiders of JusticeTogether TogetherThe White TigerWorthI also saw these new films in 2021:Tier IIIThe Kid DetectivePlan BOh, also, I saw a few new documentaries in 2021. Summer of Soul was one of the best movies of the year and should earn an Oscar nomination. A Glitch in the Matrix was not worth my time -- or yours. I enjoyed 227 by the same director and they have a similar odd take on pop culture. But no, skip it. Summer of SoulSome Kind of Heaven Derek DelGaudio's in & of Itself A Glitch in the MatrixI almost forgot to add a list of Films of 2021 I still plan to see:About Endlessness, Akilla's Escape, All is Forgiven, Amusement Park, Anne at 13,000 ft, Assassins, Atlantis, Azor, Beginning, Belfast, Belushi, Bergman Island, Card Counter, Censor, The Climb, C'mon C'mon, Come From Away, Come True, Concrete Cowboy, The Courier, Cowboys, Cruella, The Disciple, The Dig, Dream Horse, Dune Part One, First Wave, FTA, Green Knight, Hearts and Bones, Holler, Hope, Human Factor, Human Voice, Identifying Features, I'm Your Man, Inheritance, Karen Dalton, Keep an Eye Out, Killing of Two Lovers, Land, Lapsis, Licorice Pizza, Little Fish, Lost Daughter, Mass, Mitchells vs. The Machines, Memoria, MLK/FBI, Mogul Mowgli, Night of the Kings, Nobody,  Outside Story, Oxygen, Passing, Pieces of a Woman, Pig, The Reason I Jump, Red Rocket, The Rescue, Ride or Die, Rocks, Rose Plays Julie, Saint Maud, Saint-Narcisse, Shadow in the Cloud, Slow Machine, Souvenir Part II, Spencer, Stowaway, Supernova, This Is Not a Burial It's a Resurrection, tick, tick...Boom!, Tina, Tragedy of Macbeth, Truffle Hunters, Two of Us, Undergods, Undine, The Vigil, White Lie, Wild Indian, World to Come, Yellow Rose, Zola. And these are Films of 2020 I still need to see:All In: The Fight for Democracy, Babyteeth, Bacurau, Banana Split, The Beach House, Beanpole, Beats, Bloody Nose Empty Pockets, City Hall, Color out of Space, Come as You Are, David Byrne's American Utopia, Donut King, End of Sentence, Ghost of Peter Sellers,  Half of It, Herself, How to Build a Girl, Lost Girls, Madre, Mangrove, Martin Eden, Miss Juneteenth, Mr. Jones, My Darling Vivian, The Nest, Ordinary Love, Place of No Words, The Platform, Possessor, Premature, Proxima, Relic, the Rental, Selah and the Spades, She Dies Tomorrow, Social Dilemma, Sorry We Missed You, Spaceship Earth, Straight Up, Sugar Daddy, The Surrogate, True History of the Kelly Gang, The Truth, Vitalina Varela, Wander Darkly, The Whistlers, A White, White Day, White Riot.
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У овом раду представљају се резултати у истраживању доприноса Ђуре Даничића српској медиевистици током његовог активног деловања у Друштву српске словесности (1841–1861). Пажњу аутора рада најпре заокупљају Даничићеви прикази посебно значајних књига објављених на страни и код нас, а посвећених српској средњовековној књижевности. Публикујући ове приказе, Даничић је настојао да српску јавност упозна са најновијим научним сазнањима, али и да подстакне трагање за још неоткривеним књижевним делима и ствараоцима. Аутор рада затим представља Даничићев непосредни допринос упознавању са књижевном баштином (описивао рукописе, приређивао издања). Унеколико осветљава Даничићев текстолошки рад, а знатнo већу пажњу посвећује његовим настојањима да вреднује књижевна дела и одреди им место у оквирима средњовековне књижевности. Темељнијој анализи подвргава садржаје Даничићевих сачуваних предавања на Лицеју, у којима се, на систематичан начин, приказују карактеристике српске средњовековне књижевности и оцртава, унеколико, њен развој. ; In this paper, the author presents the results of her research into the contribution of Đura Daničić to Serbian mediaeval studies during his active participation in the work of the Slavic Literacy Society (1849–1861). She also takes into consideration Daničić's scientifi c projects initiated during this period and completed somewhat later. The author considers the forms of Daničić's engagement in the sphere of mediaeval studies. She points out that Daničić, striving to present the latest scientifi c insights, early on began to publish reviews of particularly important books and editions published abroad and in our country. His aim was undoubtedly to inform the Serbian public, and also to stimulate searching for the as yet undiscovered literary works and writers from the medieval era. He presented the signifi cant works of P. J. Šafarik, F. Miklošić, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić and others. As this paper points out, Daničić strove to contribute himself to getting acquainted with the literary heritage. He therefore took upon himself to provide descriptions of signifi cant manuscripts and edit the actual works. He provided descriptions of manuscripts from the collections of the National Library and the library of the Slavic Literacy Society. In separate books, Daničić published the writings of some of the most important Serbian writers of the Middle Ages – Domentijan, Teodosije, Danilo the Second and his Disciple. He also published a number of smaller works. The author also partially sheds light on Daničić's work in the sphere of textology. Her attention was drawn, to a signifi cant degree, to Daničić's observations on the formal and stylistic characteristics of works and his value judgements. The contents of Daničić's preserved lectures at Belgrade's High School were subjected to a thorough analysis. In them, Daničić systematically reviewed the essential characteristics of old Serbian literature, its dominant genres, and partly delineated its development. Daničić dedicated his lecture entitled The Beginnings of Serbian Literature primarily to the literature of the era of Nemanja and St. Sava. However, he manifested a very lively interest in the literature that preceded this very well known one, of which there are no visible traces left (no works were preserved). In Daničić's view, Serbian literature reached its peak achievement ("fl ourished to the utmost") at its very beginnings. This happened, Daničić thinks, on account of favourable social circumstances (the state was growing stronger). Daničić sees the subsequent development of Serbian literature as regressive; his evaluation of literary works from the centuries that followed is that they were less successful artistically. He ascribes this line of development to changed social circumstances (the upheavals and power struggles in the Serbian state). Daničić's understanding of literary history as a regressive process, as the author of this paper observes, is not an isolated phenomenon; P. J. Šafarik had an identical view of mediaeval Serbian literature. Like other scholars of that time, Daničić saw literature as a forceful refl ection of the current political and social circumstances. In his lecture entitled Offi ces to Serbian Saints, Daničić pointed to the time of the creation of Offi ces, to the works and authors known to him. The author's attention was particularly drawn to the segment of this text dedicated to Jefi mija's Praise of Prince Lazar; it appears in a manuscript (that of Kiprijan) as an integral part of The Offi ce to Prince Lazar. Daničić evaluates Jefi mija's work as exceptional and presents an interesting hypothesis on the circumstances that contributed to its being included in the Offi ce. He even posits a rather bold hypothesis that Jefi mija is the authoress of the Offi ce. It is the conclusion of this paper that Daničić undertook archaeographic and textological work, preparing editions at a time when there were not many scholars equal to these tasks. He adopted methods from European science, but also founded them himself, through concrete work on manuscripts. Daničić was undoubtedly oriented towards philology in the original meaning of the termExcept in his lectures, he did not undertake literary-aesthetic analyses and evaluation of literary works to such an extent. That he was gifted for such an undertaking is evidenced, most of all, by his concise but exemplary essay on Jefi mija the nun's Praise to Prince Lazar. It is to be assumed that in those lectures of his that have not been preserved he dealt with the work of other writers known at the time. ; Научни скупови; 168 ; Одељење језика и књижевности; књ. 29 ; Naučni skupovi = Scientific Meetings

Purpose of the article is theoretical analysis and generalization of the peculiarities of the culture of the management of Ancient Greece, which will contribute to the enrichment of cultural science with new knowledge about the formation and development of a culture of management at the stage of the birth of European civilization. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, sociocultural, activity, historical approaches, fundamental provisions of the theory and history of society, its culture and management. General scientific and interdisciplinary research methods are used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, generalization, formalization. Scientific novelty of the obtained results is the discovery and systematic generalization of the features of the management culture in Ancient Greece. Conclusions. Entirely new and most significant achievement of ancient Greek management culture is the invention of a democratic system of governance, in which: first, the single state authorities are replaced by collective; secondly, members of joint management bodies are relatively equal in law; and thirdly, decisions are made by the will of the majority; fourthly, public authorities are elected; fifth, the independence of power control; sixth, desacralization of power; Seventh, the division of power into executive, legislative, judicial and authority. The first form of democratic governance was the aristocratic democracy, which included the power of the tribal nobility, which, on a democratic basis, formed the highest collective bodies of state power and governance. With the aggravation of the struggle between the aristocracy and the free population and the implementation of a series of reforms, the following forms of democratic organization and governance emerged: politics – the power and management of wealthy citizens, and popular democracy – the power of all free citizens. It was proved that the most balanced was political, and the expansion of freedom led to the redistribution of property, conflicts, wars, and the weakening of the state. Ancient contribution to the development of the theory, methodology and culture of management was made by ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Xenophon, Plato, and Aristotle, forming some prerequisites for modern scientific management. ; Цель работы – теоретический анализ и обобщение особенностей культуры управления Древней Греции, способствующие обогащению культурологической науки новыми знаниями о становлении и развитии культуры менеджмента на этапе зарождения европейской цивилизации. Методологической основой исследования является диалектический принцип познания, системный, цивилизационный, социо-культурный, деятельностный, исторический подходы, фундаментальные положения теории, истории общества, его культуры и управления. Использованы общенаучные и междисциплинарные методы исследования: анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция, сравнение, обобщение, формализация. Научная новизна исследования заключается в выявлении и системном обобщении особенностей культуры менеджмента в Древней Греции. Выводы. Абсолютно новым и наиболее значимым достижением древнегреческой культуры менеджмента является изобретение демократической системы управления, при которой: во-первых, единоличные органы управления государством замещаются коллективными; во-вторых, у членов коллективных органов управления относительно равные права; в-третьих, решения принимаются по воле большинства; в-четвертых, органы государственной власти избираются; в-пятых, независимость контроля власти; в-шестых, десакрализация власти; в-седьмых, разделение властей на исполнительную, законодательную, судебную и контрольную. Первичной формой демократического управления была аристократическая демократия, которая предусматривала власть родоплеменной знати, на демократических началах формировала высшие коллективные органы государственной власти и управления. С обострением борьбы между аристократией и свободным населением и проведением ряда реформ возникали такие формы демократического устройства и управления, как полития – власть и управление среднезажиточных граждан, и народная демократия – власть всех свободных граждан. Доказано, что наиболее сбалансированной была полития, а расширение демократии приводило к перераспределению собственности, конфликтам, войнам и ослаблению государства. Существенный вклад в развитие теории, методологии и культуры управления осуществили древнегреческие философы Сократ, Ксенофонт, Платон и Аристотель, сформировав некоторые предпосылки современного научного менеджмента. ; Мета роботи – теоретичний аналіз й узагальнення особливостей культури управління Стародавньої Греції, що сприятиме збагаченню культурологічної науки новими знаннями про становлення й розвиток культури менеджменту на етапі зародження європейської цивілізації. Методологічною основою дослідження є діалектичний принцип пізнання, системний, цивілізаційний, соціокультурний, діяльнісний, історичний підходи, фундаментальні положення теорії й історії суспільства, його культури та управління. Використано загальнонаукові й міждисциплінарні методи дослідження: аналіз і синтез, індукція й дедукція, порівняння, узагальнення, формалізація. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів полягає у виявленні та системному узагальненні особливостей культури менеджменту в Стародавній Греції. Висновки. Абсолютно новим і найвагомішим здобутком давньогрецької культури менеджменту є винайдення демократичної системи управління, за якої, по-перше, одноосібні органи управління державою заміщаються колективними; по-друге, у членів колективних органів управління відносно рівні права; по-третє, рішення ухвалюються за волею більшості; по-четверте, органи державної влади обираються; по-п'яте, незалежність контролю влади; по-шосте, десакралізація влади; по-сьоме, поділ влади на виконавчу, законодавчу, судову та контрольну. Первинною формою демократичного управління була аристократична демократія, що передбачала владу родоплемінної знаті, яка на демократичних засадах формувала вищі колективні органи державної влади й управління. Із загостренням боротьби між аристократією й вільним населенням та з проведенням низки реформ виникали такі форми демократичного устрою й управління, як політія – влада та управління середньозаможних громадян, і народна демократія – влада всіх вільних громадян. Доведено, що найбільш збалансованою була політія, а розширення демократії призводило до перерозподілу власності, конфліктів, воєн й ослаблення держави. Істотний внесок у розвиток теорії, методології та культури управління здійснили давньогрецькі філософи Сократ, Ксенофонт, Платон і Арістотель, сформувавши деякі передумови сучасного наукового менеджменту.

Мета роботи – теоретичний аналіз й узагальнення особливостей культури управління Стародавньої Греції, що сприятиме збагаченню культурологічної науки новими знаннями про становлення й розвиток культури менеджменту на етапі зародження європейської цивілізації. Методологічною основою дослідження є діалектичний принцип пізнання, системний, цивілізаційний, соціокультурний, діяльнісний, історичний підходи, фундаментальні положення теорії й історії суспільства, його культури та управління. Використано загальнонаукові й міждисциплінарні методи дослідження: аналіз і синтез, індукція й дедукція, порівняння, узагальнення, формалізація. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів полягає у виявленні та системному узагальненні особливостей культури менеджменту в Стародавній Греції. Висновки. Абсолютно новим і найвагомішим здобутком давньогрецької культури менеджменту є винайдення демократичної системи управління, за якої, по-перше, одноосібні органи управління державою заміщаються колективними; по-друге, у членів колективних органів управління відносно рівні права; по-третє, рішення ухвалюються за волею більшості; по-четверте, органи державної влади обираються; по-п'яте, незалежність контролю влади; по-шосте, десакралізація влади; по-сьоме, поділ влади на виконавчу, законодавчу, судову та контрольну. Первинною формою демократичного управління була аристократична демократія, що передбачала владу родоплемінної знаті, яка на демократичних засадах формувала вищі колективні органи державної влади й управління. Із загостренням боротьби між аристократією й вільним населенням та з проведенням низки реформ виникали такі форми демократичного устрою й управління, як політія – влада та управління середньозаможних громадян, і народна демократія – влада всіх вільних громадян. Доведено, що найбільш збалансованою була політія, а розширення демократії призводило до перерозподілу власності, конфліктів, воєн й ослаблення держави. Істотний внесок у розвиток теорії, методології та культури управління здійснили давньогрецькі філософи Сократ, Ксенофонт, Платон і Арістотель, сформувавши деякі передумови сучасного наукового менеджменту. ; Цель работы – теоретический анализ и обобщение особенностей культуры управления Древней Греции, способствующие обогащению культурологической науки новыми знаниями о становлении и развитии культуры менеджмента на этапе зарождения европейской цивилизации. Методологической основой исследования является диалектический принцип познания, системный, цивилизационный, социо-культурный, деятельностный, исторический подходы, фундаментальные положения теории, истории общества, его культуры и управления. Использованы общенаучные и междисциплинарные методы исследования: анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция, сравнение, обобщение, формализация. Научная новизна исследования заключается в выявлении и системном обобщении особенностей культуры менеджмента в Древней Греции. Выводы. Абсолютно новым и наиболее значимым достижением древнегреческой культуры менеджмента является изобретение демократической системы управления, при которой: во-первых, единоличные органы управления государством замещаются коллективными; во-вторых, у членов коллективных органов управления относительно равные права; в-третьих, решения принимаются по воле большинства; в-четвертых, органы государственной власти избираются; в-пятых, независимость контроля власти; в-шестых, десакрализация власти; в-седьмых, разделение властей на исполнительную, законодательную, судебную и контрольную. Первичной формой демократического управления была аристократическая демократия, которая предусматривала власть родоплеменной знати, на демократических началах формировала высшие коллективные органы государственной власти и управления. С обострением борьбы между аристократией и свободным населением и проведением ряда реформ возникали такие формы демократического устройства и управления, как полития – власть и управление среднезажиточных граждан, и народная демократия – власть всех свободных граждан. Доказано, что наиболее сбалансированной была полития, а расширение демократии приводило к перераспределению собственности, конфликтам, войнам и ослаблению государства. Существенный вклад в развитие теории, методологии и культуры управления осуществили древнегреческие философы Сократ, Ксенофонт, Платон и Аристотель, сформировав некоторые предпосылки современного научного менеджмента. ; Purpose of the article is theoretical analysis and generalization of the peculiarities of the culture of the management of Ancient Greece, which will contribute to the enrichment of cultural science with new knowledge about the formation and development of a culture of management at the stage of the birth of European civilization. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, sociocultural, activity, historical approaches, fundamental provisions of the theory and history of society, its culture and management. General scientific and interdisciplinary research methods are used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, generalization, formalization. Scientific novelty of the obtained results is the discovery and systematic generalization of the features of the management culture in Ancient Greece. Conclusions. Entirely new and most significant achievement of ancient Greek management culture is the invention of a democratic system of governance, in which: first, the single state authorities are replaced by collective; secondly, members of joint management bodies are relatively equal in law; and thirdly, decisions are made by the will of the majority; fourthly, public authorities are elected; fifth, the independence of power control; sixth, desacralization of power; Seventh, the division of power into executive, legislative, judicial and authority. The first form of democratic governance was the aristocratic democracy, which included the power of the tribal nobility, which, on a democratic basis, formed the highest collective bodies of state power and governance. With the aggravation of the struggle between the aristocracy and the free population and the implementation of a series of reforms, the following forms of democratic organization and governance emerged: politics – the power and management of wealthy citizens, and popular democracy – the power of all free citizens. It was proved that the most balanced was political, and the expansion of freedom led to the redistribution of property, conflicts, wars, and the weakening of the state. Ancient contribution to the development of the theory, methodology and culture of management was made by ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Xenophon, Plato, and Aristotle, forming some prerequisites for modern scientific management.

It is undeniable that heritage buildings are containers of culture and identity of a region. Sustaining these buildings, through conserving them with their original characters, is necessary to protect the culture and the traditional lifestyles. In some cases, conserving and restoring old buildings, without adapting them, leads to loose some of their values, such as historical and economical values. Besides, if historical buildings are left without re-functioning, they become obsolete and deteriorated. Adaptive reuse of existing buildings can be one of the suitable treatment methods, to conserve the old buildings for fitting their present life to serve social purposes; whilst remaining as self-financing through giving them new functions. The new functions are expected to respect the values of buildings, history of buildings and their surroundings and also consider the architectural characters of them. Due to its geographic position, Cyprus had been attacked many times and became the significant centre of cultures, histories and different architectural styles. Therefore, protecting these significances for the next generations is necessary. Political and economic problems, regarding North Cyprus, lead to the financial limitations to conserve historical and heritage buildings. Hence, cultural tourists can play an important role as a tool for conserving heritage buildings in North Cyprus. The main aim of this study is the determination of the appropriate function for adaptive reuse of three monuments in the Walled City of Famagusta, which are selected by the Technical Committee on Cultural Heritage of Cyprus for being 'financially supported by EU and implemented by UNDP-PFF' determined by Technical Committee on Cultural Heritage of Cyprus. The reason for choosing this aim is, that inappropriate functions for historic buildings in this region, can lead to destroy the identity and culture of the Walled City of Famagusta. The methodology which is chosen for this aim is evaluation survey and questionnaire. This study covers the theoretical background of conservation, adaptive reuse and also cultural tourism as financial income for conserving heritage buildings with the purpose of finding features which adaptive reuse projects should have. In order to analyse the three monuments and outline the reuse options according to historical and architectural features and also heritage values, a framework is created. Besides, given the fact that participation of the actors is a vital part of successful adaptive reuse projects, asking opinions of tourists, locals and experts is included as part of framework to find appropriate function for adaptive reuse of three monuments. The conclusion of this thesis illustrates the results which are achieved from both analyses and questionnaires for proposing appropriate functions for the three selected monuments. Keywords: Conservation, Adaptive Reuse, Cultural Tourism, Appropriate Functions, Othello Tower, Martinengo Bastion, Ravelin Bastion. ; ÖZ : Tarihi değeri olan binaların, bir bölgeye ait kimliği ve kültürü barındırdığı, tartışılamaz bir gerçektir. Kültürü ve geleneksel yaşam tarzını korumak adına, bu binaların kendine has özellikleriyle korunarak sürdürülmesi gerekmektedir. Bazı durumlarda, eski binaların adapte edilmeden korunması ve restore edilmesi, tarihi ve ekonomik dahil olmak üzere birçok değerin kaybedilmesine neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca, tarihi binaların yeniden kullanılmaması durumunda, binalar kullanışsız bir hale gelir ve yıpranır. Tarihi binaların günümüze uygun hale getirilerek sosyal amaçlara yönelik kullanılması ve aynı zamanda yeni işlevler kazandırılarak kendi kendini finanse etmesi için, mevcut binaların yeniden işlevlendirilmesi, uygun bir koruma yöntemi olabilir. Yeni işlevlerin, binanın değerlerine, tarihi ile çevresine saygı göstermesi, ve mimari özellikleri de göz önünde bulundurması beklenmektedir. Coğrafi konumu nedeniyle Kıbrıs, birçok kez saldırılara maruz kalmıştır ve bu nedenle kültürlerin, tarihlerin ve çeşitli mimari tarzların önemli bir merkezi haline gelmiştir. Sonraki nesiller için bu önemli değerlerin korunması önem taşımaktadır. Kuzey Kıbrıs ile ilgili politik ve ekonomik sorunlar, tarihi binaların korunmasıyla ilgili finansal kısıtlamalara neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kültür turizmi Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta tarihi binaların korunması için önemli bir araç olarak rol oynayabilir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Avrupa Birliği tarafından finanse edilmek ve UNDP-PFF tarafından uygulanmak üzere Kıbrıs Kültürel Miras Teknik Komitesi tarafından seçilen ve Gazimağusa'nın Suriçi bölgesinde bulunan üç yapı için yeniden kullanım doğrultusunda uygun olan işlevi belirlemektir. Bu amacın belirlenmesindeki neden, bu binalara yönelik uygun olmayan işlevlerin seçilmesiyle, Suriçi'ndeki kültürün ve kimliğin zarar görmesidir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan yöntemler anket ve değerlendirme anketidir. Çalışmada, yeniden işlevlendirme projelerinde bulunması gereken özelliklerin belirlenmesini sağlamak üzere, koruma, yeniden işlevlendirme ve tarihi binaların korunmasında ekonomik gelir sağlayan kültür turizmi hakkında teorik bilgiler verilmiştir. Üç yapının analiz edilmesi ve tarihi, mimari ve miras değerlerinin korunması için yeniden kullanım seçeneklerini belirlemek üzere bir çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca, başarılı yeniden işlevlendirme projelerinde katılım hayati bir rol oynadığından, üç adet anıt bina için uygun işlevler bulmayı amaçlayan bu çerçevede, turistlerin, yerel halkın ve uzmanların görüşlerine de yer verilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonuç bölümünde, seçilen üç yapıya uygun işlev önerisi sunmak için, analiz ve anket sonuçlarından elde edilen sonuçlar yer almaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Koruma, Yeniden İşlevlendirme, Kültürel Turizm, Uygun Fonksiyonlar, Otello Kulesi, Martinengo Kalesi, Ravelin Kalesi ; Master of Science in Interior Architecture. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Architecture, Dept. of Interior Architecture, 2016. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Olgaç Türker.

This research is a novel knowledge about the library contribution because it proposes to create a new branch discipline the "green library". Analysis is a proposal from the college to address before the society and academia collective experience accumulated by the Costa Rican specialized libraries in these areas throughout their years of service and information management practices using front to the country's needs.Costa Rica is a country with a broad global recognition in the ecological theme and ecotourism, for the vast territories are protected areas for the preservation of ecological diversity, among others.The objective of this research was to demonstrate the importance of information management environment in libraries, proposing a new discipline: the ecological library. In addition, the contributions of the documentation centers and libraries specializing in this subject, in Costa Rica "were identified.The environmental management concept chosen for this research considering the importance of science librarianship as expand its disciplinary areas, to study specialties linked to national development.Currently, the document management aimed at providing information services on the current reality and aimed towards priority areas such as environmental management, climate change adaptation, and housing, employment, transparency and risk reduction. The role of documentation centers and libraries and information professionals is important, because they must be instances advice in making political, economic, social decisions that guarantee safeguarding the short and long term of our environmental history, and accessibility of information on this subject. In addition, they have to be able to create ecological culture, implement procedures to ecological literacy and "dating" communities for all human beings, we protect the environment.This research considered unique in its kind and a pioneer in this field in Costa Rica; it is a study of mixed approach and three sources of information consulted:1. The library staff consists of 24 officials of 24 specialized libraries and documentation centers selected for their functions and the contents of their collections.2. The virtual visibility projecting these 24 libraries in national and international networks.3. Public opinion on the contribution of these libraries to the environment.The first population was applied descriptive research, to gather information from the survey and a questionnaire consisting of 15 variables. Qualitative research used in the second source of information about the virtual visibility of libraries and public opinion gathered using an exploratory study, another survey conducted by social networks. ; Esta investigación es un aporte novedoso al conocimiento sobre la bibliotecología porque propone crear una nueva rama disciplinar: la "bibliotecología ecológica". Constituye una propuesta de análisis desde la universidad para abordar ante la sociedad y la academia la experiencia colectiva que han acumulado las bibliotecas especializadas costarricenses en estas áreas, a lo largo de sus años de servicio y las prácticas de gestión de información que utilizan frente a las necesidades del país.Costa Rica es un país con un amplio reconocimiento mundial en el tema ecológico y el turismo ecológico, por los amplios territorios que constituyen áreas protegidas para la preservación de la diversidad ecológica, entre otros.El objetivo de esta investigación fue demostrar la importancia de la gestión de información sobre el medio ambiente en las bibliotecas, proponiendo una nueva disciplina: la bibliotecología ecológica. Además, se identificaron los aportes de los centros de documentación y bibliotecas especializadas sobre ese tema en Costa Rica.El concepto gestión ambiental se escogió para realizar esta investigación considerando la importancia de que la bibliotecología, como ciencia, amplíe sus áreas disciplinares, para estudiar especialidades vinculadas al desarrollo nacional.Actualmente, la gestión documental está dirigida a ofrecer servicios de información sobre la realidad actual y encaminada hacia temas prioritarios como, por ejemplo, la gestión ambiental, la adaptación al cambio climático, la vivienda, el empleo, la transparencia y la reducción del riesgo. El rol de los centros de documentación y bibliotecas y del profesional de la información es importante porque deben ser las instancias que asesoren en la toma de decisiones políticas, económicas, sociales, que garanticen el resguardo a corto y largo plazo de nuestra historia ambiental, así como la accesibilidad de información en esta temática. También, tienen que ser capaces de crear cultura ecológica, aplicar procedimientos para la alfabetización ecológica y "enamorar" a las comunidades para que todos los seres humanos protejamos el medio ambiente.Esta investigación se considera como única en su índole y pionera en esta temática en Costa Rica. Es un estudio de enfoque mixto y se consultaron tres fuentes de información:1. El personal bibliotecario constituido por 24 funcionarios encargados de 24 bibliotecas especializadas o centros de documentación seleccionadas por sus funciones y los contenidos de sus colecciones.2. La visibilidad virtual que proyectan estas 24 bibliotecas en las redes nacionales e internacionales.3. La opinión pública sobre el aporte de esas bibliotecas al ambiente.Con la primera población se aplicó investigación descriptiva para recopilar la información mediante la encuesta y un cuestionario constituido por 15 variables. La investigación cualitativa se usó en la segunda fuente de información referente a la visibilidad virtual de las bibliotecas y la opinión pública se recabó utilizando un estudio exploratorio, otra encuesta aplicada por medio de las redes sociales.

У статті аналізується сутність поняття «правова культура», поданого в різних філософських, правових, соціологічних, політологічних теоріях, розглянуті основні методологічні підходи до аналізу правової культури. Особливу увагу приділено розгляду правової культури як системи правових цінностей. Аналізується найважливіша правова цінність закон як основа правопорядку в суспільстві. В статье анализируется сущность понятия «правовая культура», представленного в различных философских, правовых, социологических, политологических теориях, рассмотрены основные методологические подходы к анализу правовой культуры. Особое внимание уделено рассмотрению правовой культуры как системы правовых ценностей. Анализируется важнейшая правовая ценность закон как основа правопорядка в обществе. ; The nature of notion «state» presented in a variety of philosophical, legal, sociological, political science theories is analyzed, the basic methodological approaches to the analysis of the legal culture are considered in the article. The special attention is paid to the legal culture as a system of legal values. The most important legal value, the law, as the basis for public order in the society is analyzed. The notion of legal culture is multifaceted and multidimensional. Therefore, a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches is used for its philosophical and legal analysis. Among them there are subjective, activity, anthropological, technological, qualitative, sociological approach and others. We are unanimous with those scholars who prefer axiological approach in its understanding. This approach, which is the most common among scientists, is able to combine the variety of its qualities around the notion of value, since these values are the core of culture in general, and the core of legal culture in particular. From the point of view of this approach, the culture is the objectification of value and worldview ideas that reflect the inner world of human subjectivity. Therefore, the authentic notion axiosphere can be applied to the culture as well. That means that the culture primarily serves as value the system relevant for the individual and society in the whole. It is regarded as a set of values created by mankind during its history. Taking all of this in account, legal culture is a system of legal values, that are developing, corresponding to the level of social progress, reached by the humanity, reflects in the legal form the important social values that affect the legal status and the way of life of the individual and society. Such conception of the legal culture is reflected in the scientific works of many scientists (S. S. Alekseev, V. P. Salnikov, R. K. Rusinov, A. P. Semitko and others). Legal values are based on the public order. They act as the perfect justification of the legal norm; they are the purpose of law and its institutions. Legal values are varied. The most important value of legal culture is the law. It is the legal basis of public order. The nature of the law is revealed through its philosophical and legal understanding as the source of legal regulation of the highest form. The implementation of any state function is not possible without the law. It regulates the most important social relationships and people's behavior in law. The goals and objectives are declared in it, means and solutions are defined, and the expected result to be achieved is predicted. The law is the only form of law, in which social function of the individual behavior can be performed, as it clearly states the conditions, procedures, manner and consequences of his actions. Only the law does not depend on personal desires or representations of individual and is binding. It contains primary rules, basic positions on major issues of public life. The law must realize the desire of every individual to freedom, justice, and equality so that either the public interest in general or particular interests of others were not affected. Legal establishing of rules is not an end in itself, but it is carried out for justice, human rights. An important condition for the rule of law in society is improving the quality of law, particularly the inherent features as an effective regulator of social relations. Unsatisfactory and inefficient law is the law passed without the foundations of natural law, without adequate study of the nature and the structure of social needs, with which it was brought to life, without specific legal awareness and legal culture of persons it was created for. It can be argued that the quality of law is determined, inter alia, by legal compliance to needs of social development; modern development, publication and adaptation of the new and refusal from the old legal norm; the correct definition of the scope and extent of regulation; consistent implementation and overall mobile systematization of legislation, overcoming of contradictions in it; following law in order of adequately expressing in it the will and interests of the people. The respect to the law has not become the dominant feature of the mass legal culture for the Ukrainian citizens, the factor that contributes to the stability and order of society. The presence of a significant number of the Ukrainian citizens willing to commit unlawful acts is an expression of the crisis of legal culture that affects the state of law and order in the society.

Parte de la influencia del premio Nobel de Economía Douglass North ha residido en una particular capacidad de sintetizar en forma simple argumentaciones complejas y sofisticadas. Su extensa carrera académica ha combinado un programa de investigación mayormente coherente pero con las suficientes modificaciones como para que la coherencia no devenga dogmatismo.El modelo desarrollado por Douglass North, John Wallis y Barry Weingast en "Violence and Social Orders. A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History" (Cambridge University Press, 2009) posee una problemática aspiración de generalidad. Básicamente, los autores sostienen que han articulado por primera vez una explicación que comprende a las ciencias sociales, que denominan "Double Balance". En palabras de North et al: "All societies must deal with the possibility of violence, and they do so in different ways. This book integrates the problem of violence into a larger social science and historical framework, showing how economic and political behavior are closely linked." Es decir, las instituciones surgen a partir de un acuerdo primero tácito y después explícito entre la política y la economía. Aquellos que ejercen el poder (o aspiran a ejercerlo) consensuan con aquellos que poseen (o aspiran a poseer) la riqueza para que estos últimos contribuyan a la gobernabilidad a cambio de privilegios.El modelo teórico de North et al pretende entender la lógica interna de los dos órdenes sociales o patrones de organización social que dominan el mundo moderno (el estado natural u orden cerrado y la sociedad de acceso abierto) y el proceso por el cual las sociedades transitan de uno a otro. El alcance de esta teoría es de elevada generalidad a nivel conceptual. Según los autores, las instituciones pueden operar de distinta manera según sea el país y el momento histórico que se considere, por ello también importa el estudio individual de los países.Por su parte, North hace hincapié en las limitaciones del pensamiento clásico para entender las interacciones humanas (North, 1990). Para North la ciencia económica clásica ha descansado en la acción racional de los agentes para entender el funcionamiento de la sociedad. Así, su extenso programa de investigación ha desarrollado una teoría basada en el papel central que las reglas de juego (las instituciones) tienen como factores limitantes de la acción humana.Es decir, para North los agentes actúan en un mundo donde hay costos de transacción y, eventualmente, éstos son o pueden ser lo suficientemente altos como limitar las opciones existentes (lo que ha denominado "Path Dependence"). Sin embargo, la existencia de reglas de juego o instituciones que limitan nuestras opciones y nos "generan incentivos" hacia un "Path Dependence" determinado no se contradicen con el agente como actor racional con la capacidad de (limitadamente) influir en las instituciones (e incluso "cambiar la historia").Como síntesis, la concepción northiana se ubica lo suficientemente lejos de la acción racional pura (o individualismo metodológico extremo) y del colectivismo metodológico marxista. El filósofo Mario Bunge define esta concepción epistemológica como "sistemismo".Como mencionamos, para North et al la estabilidad del orden social la da la concesión, es decir, el intercambio clientelista o entre clientes de personas y grupos que sólo pueden alcanzar un estado de cosas previsible en cuanto sean capaces de prometerle y asegurarle al otro un beneficio excepcional de algo. Por definición, un beneficio excepcional debe excluir a otro u otros y, paso seguido, ello generaría un orden de cosas ineficiente o cerrado. Así, para North et al el orden social tiene como una de sus condiciones la existencia de grupos que capturan uno o varios privilegios. Si bien es claro que este escenario es posible, no queda claro por qué es inexorable.El concepto de "Double Balance" es un original intento de concebir una teoría social que complemente la economía y la política. Es decir, para North et al hay un poder político estable porque se han establecido privilegios para un determinado (pequeño) grupo. Ambos aspectos van de la mano y, en ese sentido, la teoría logra complementar y conjugar la economía y la política.El trabajo destaca el papel central que tienen las creencias (beliefs) en la articulación de instituciones y en el desempeño de las organizaciones. Hacia el final del libro remarca la necesidad de profundizar en el análisis sobre el papel de las creencias en el origen de las instituciones. Por ende, las creencias no ocupan un lugar central en su concepción porque para los autores todavía se carece de una comprensión profunda.Podemos recurrir al clásico concepto de Hisrchman y sostener que el papel de las instituciones es establecer buenos mecanismos para la salida y, sólo en menor medida, para la voz. Las buenas instituciones generan buenos escenarios para la salida de los actores que a su turno, obviamente, ejercen la opción de entrada en otro ámbito, probablemente próximo al anterior. Profundizaremos la particular relación que ha tenido North con autores contemporáneos en la segunda parte de este artículo. Pedro Isern - Universidad Ort-Uruguay

Los Territorios Específicos condicionados socioambiental y/o físicoculturalmente son sistematizados en base a sus cualidades éticas y estéticas en su sentido filosófico y formal respectivamente. Los mismos surgen como entidades orgánicamente integradas a nivel de las prácticas culturales en función de una performatividad autopoiética con gradientes y resonancias ampliamente debatidas académicamente y/o, a través de producciones específicas de las artes visuales contemporáneas. La Cartografía Estética propuesta se conforma de un corpus de obras plásticas y teóricas que, en la trayectoria expositiva abordada para este estudio, conforman una constelación de ejes temáticos y procedimentales en vinculación a los modos de producción en artes visuales. Estos nódulos o modos de hacer en artes visuales, se integran en una fascinante e interesante red epistemológica que, a la luz de las obras de arte seleccionadas son transparentadas no sólo en su complejidad epistémica sino que también son confrontados a interesantes gestos y guiños visuales a modo de cita y figuras conceptuales que en sentido moebiano remisionan formas de inscripción de obra y de la legibilidad de la misma conformando un alfabeto visual contemporáneo indispensable a la hora de pensar y entender la producción artística del último siglo en general y de las artes visuales latinoamericanas y chilenas en particular, todas ellas conforman una panorámica global en lo que hoy se conoce y divulga como arte actual. La unidad espacial abordada como Territorios Específicos se constituyen críticamente por conformar zonas y áreas marginales, espacios residuales y limítrofes, a la vez que contenedores y contenido de resistencia asistémica facilitado por un desinterés administrativo consecuente a su calidad de margen residual naturalizado y sus contenidos subyacentes. Metodológicamente, esta investigación ha sido cuidadosamente sistematizada a partir de herramientas de análisis y medición provenientes de las ciencias sociales y otras más afín a las de la ingeniería como arquitectura y urbanismo y de otras ciencias fronterizas de las biofísicas como la arqueología, etnografía y antropología, adaptadas todas a un interesantísimo protocolo instrumental replicable para las artes visuales. Este compendio procedimental comprende acciones de arte de sitio específico realizadas en una franja costera de 30 kilómetros que abarca desde la ciudad de Valdivia hasta 'La Reserva de Curiñanco' en la recientemente inaugurada XIV Región de Los Ríos en Chile. Estas acciones son confrontadas y tensionadas tanto a nivel de la crítica especializada como de sus afluentes epistemológicos colindantes con las ciencias humanas, donde, este corpus de obra contemporáneas, curatorías, proyectos de sitio y debates especializados, aportan considerablemente a la construcción de futuros posibles no solo de las artes visuales en particular y de las ciencias humanas en general, sino que además conllevan un debate ineludible para el desafío implicado en el debate territorio/globalización ; Systematic study in Specific territories físicoculturales entities characterized by ethical and aesthetic qualities in its philosophical sense and formal sense respectively. These entities are organically integrated level cultural practices based on an autopoietic performativity with grades that are widely debated academically and/or through specific productions of contemporary visual arts. Mapping aesthetic proposal conforms to a body of art works and theoretical, in the exhibition history addressed by this study, form a constellation theme and procedural attachment to the modes of production in the visual arts. These nodules or modes are integrated to a network epistemological fascinating, in light of the selected art works are always so critical transparentized based, the latter, is also critical the state of the global and systemic, are notable changes or adjustments, so appropriate to the complexity and/or program unit that maneuver both ethical and aesthetic and social needs of its realization. The spatial unit addressed as specific territories constitute denoted by physical and political margins forming residual spaces adjacent, while containers underlying, marks and signs of resistance asystemic administrative facilitated by a lack of consistent quality to its residual margin as invisible 'blind spots' often not even counted, like a colony of homeless 'San Eugenio' in Santiago de Chile and intangible artifacts which were exposed in the work 'Vagrancy Architecture' 2005 in the Museum Contemporany Art MAC UACH in Valdivia, Chile, for the same author. Marginal places and locations that make an interesting 'live tank', a 'living archive' of book and recreate necessary for reflection and unconcealed through, among others, the same corpus of this curatorship, and their counterpoints of works and authors that in the same study notes. Regarding his research methodology presented here has been incipiently systematized during the years 2011-2012 comprising specific art actions in a 14-kilometer coastline that stretches from the place called 'Punta Brava' to 'The Book of Curiñanco' on XIV Rivers Region, Chile. These actions are experiencing considerable confluence of contemporary artistic production both from critics and its tributaries bordering epistemological humanities also an interesting corpus of contemporary works, curatorial and site projects that contribute significantly to the construction of possible futures, from the visual arts in particular and to the economic and human sciences in general, lead to the inescapable debate challenge involved in the discussion localization studies/globalization teory

Los Territorios Específicos condicionados socioambiental y/o físicoculturalmente son sistematizados en base a sus cualidades éticas y estéticas en su sentido filosófico y formal respectivamente. Los mismos surgen como entidades orgánicamente integradas a nivel de las prácticas culturales en función de una performatividad autopoiética con gradientes y resonancias ampliamente debatidas académicamente y/o, a través de producciones específicas de las artes visuales contemporáneas. La Cartografía Estética propuesta se conforma de un corpus de obras plásticas y teóricas que, en la trayectoria expositiva abordada para este estudio, conforman una constelación de ejes temáticos y procedimentales en vinculación a los modos de producción en artes visuales. Estos nódulos o modos de hacer en artes visuales, se integran en una fascinante e interesante red epistemológica que, a la luz de las obras de arte seleccionadas son transparentadas no sólo en su complejidad epistémica sino que también son confrontados a interesantes gestos y guiños visuales a modo de cita y figuras conceptuales que en sentido moebiano remisionan formas de inscripción de obra y de la legibilidad de la misma conformando un alfabeto visual contemporáneo indispensable a la hora de pensar y entender la producción artística del último siglo en general y de las artes visuales latinoamericanas y chilenas en particular, todas ellas conforman una panorámica global en lo que hoy se conoce y divulga como arte actual. La unidad espacial abordada como Territorios Específicos se constituyen críticamente por conformar zonas y áreas marginales, espacios residuales y limítrofes, a la vez que contenedores y contenido de resistencia asistémica facilitado por un desinterés administrativo consecuente a su calidad de margen residual naturalizado y sus contenidos subyacentes. Metodológicamente, esta investigación ha sido cuidadosamente sistematizada a partir de herramientas de análisis y medición provenientes de las ciencias sociales y otras más afín a las de la ingeniería como arquitectura y urbanismo y de otras ciencias fronterizas de las biofísicas como la arqueología, etnografía y antropología, adaptadas todas a un interesantísimo protocolo instrumental replicable para las artes visuales. Este compendio procedimental comprende acciones de arte de sitio específico realizadas en una franja costera de 30 kilómetros que abarca desde la ciudad de Valdivia hasta 'La Reserva de Curiñanco' en la recientemente inaugurada XIV Región de Los Ríos en Chile. Estas acciones son confrontadas y tensionadas tanto a nivel de la crítica especializada como de sus afluentes epistemológicos colindantes con las ciencias humanas, donde, este corpus de obra contemporáneas, curatorías, proyectos de sitio y debates especializados, aportan considerablemente a la construcción de futuros posibles no solo de las artes visuales en particular y de las ciencias humanas en general, sino que además conllevan un debate ineludible para el desafío implicado en el debate territorio/globalización ; Systematic study in Specific territories físicoculturales entities characterized by ethical and aesthetic qualities in its philosophical sense and formal sense respectively. These entities are organically integrated level cultural practices based on an autopoietic performativity with grades that are widely debated academically and/or through specific productions of contemporary visual arts. Mapping aesthetic proposal conforms to a body of art works and theoretical, in the exhibition history addressed by this study, form a constellation theme and procedural attachment to the modes of production in the visual arts. These nodules or modes are integrated to a network epistemological fascinating, in light of the selected art works are always so critical transparentized based, the latter, is also critical the state of the global and systemic, are notable changes or adjustments, so appropriate to the complexity and/or program unit that maneuver both ethical and aesthetic and social needs of its realization. The spatial unit addressed as specific territories constitute denoted by physical and political margins forming residual spaces adjacent, while containers underlying, marks and signs of resistance asystemic administrative facilitated by a lack of consistent quality to its residual margin as invisible 'blind spots' often not even counted, like a colony of homeless 'San Eugenio' in Santiago de Chile and intangible artifacts which were exposed in the work 'Vagrancy Architecture' 2005 in the Museum Contemporany Art MAC UACH in Valdivia, Chile, for the same author. Marginal places and locations that make an interesting 'live tank', a 'living archive' of book and recreate necessary for reflection and unconcealed through, among others, the same corpus of this curatorship, and their counterpoints of works and authors that in the same study notes. Regarding his research methodology presented here has been incipiently systematized during the years 2011-2012 comprising specific art actions in a 14-kilometer coastline that stretches from the place called 'Punta Brava' to 'The Book of Curiñanco' on XIV Rivers Region, Chile. These actions are experiencing considerable confluence of contemporary artistic production both from critics and its tributaries bordering epistemological humanities also an interesting corpus of contemporary works, curatorial and site projects that contribute significantly to the construction of possible futures, from the visual arts in particular and to the economic and human sciences in general, lead to the inescapable debate challenge involved in the discussion localization studies/globalization teory

Los Territorios Específicos condicionados socioambiental y/o físicoculturalmente son sistematizados en base a sus cualidades éticas y estéticas en su sentido filosófico y formal respectivamente. Los mismos surgen como entidades orgánicamente integradas a nivel de las prácticas culturales en función de una performatividad autopoiética con gradientes y resonancias ampliamente debatidas académicamente y/o, a través de producciones específicas de las artes visuales contemporáneas. La Cartografía Estética propuesta se conforma de un corpus de obras plásticas y teóricas que, en la trayectoria expositiva abordada para este estudio, conforman una constelación de ejes temáticos y procedimentales en vinculación a los modos de producción en artes visuales. Estos nódulos o modos de hacer en artes visuales, se integran en una fascinante e interesante red epistemológica que, a la luz de las obras de arte seleccionadas son transparentadas no sólo en su complejidad epistémica sino que también son confrontados a interesantes gestos y guiños visuales a modo de cita y figuras conceptuales que en sentido moebiano remisionan formas de inscripción de obra y de la legibilidad de la misma conformando un alfabeto visual contemporáneo indispensable a la hora de pensar y entender la producción artística del último siglo en general y de las artes visuales latinoamericanas y chilenas en particular, todas ellas conforman una panorámica global en lo que hoy se conoce y divulga como arte actual. La unidad espacial abordada como Territorios Específicos se constituyen críticamente por conformar zonas y áreas marginales, espacios residuales y limítrofes, a la vez que contenedores y contenido de resistencia asistémica facilitado por un desinterés administrativo consecuente a su calidad de margen residual naturalizado y sus contenidos subyacentes. Metodológicamente, esta investigación ha sido cuidadosamente sistematizada a partir de herramientas de análisis y medición provenientes de las ciencias sociales y otras más afín a las de la ingeniería como arquitectura y urbanismo y de otras ciencias fronterizas de las biofísicas como la arqueología, etnografía y antropología, adaptadas todas a un interesantísimo protocolo instrumental replicable para las artes visuales. Este compendio procedimental comprende acciones de arte de sitio específico realizadas en una franja costera de 30 kilómetros que abarca desde la ciudad de Valdivia hasta 'La Reserva de Curiñanco' en la recientemente inaugurada XIV Región de Los Ríos en Chile. Estas acciones son confrontadas y tensionadas tanto a nivel de la crítica especializada como de sus afluentes epistemológicos colindantes con las ciencias humanas, donde, este corpus de obra contemporáneas, curatorías, proyectos de sitio y debates especializados, aportan considerablemente a la construcción de futuros posibles no solo de las artes visuales en particular y de las ciencias humanas en general, sino que además conllevan un debate ineludible para el desafío implicado en el debate territorio/globalización ; Systematic study in Specific territories físicoculturales entities characterized by ethical and aesthetic qualities in its philosophical sense and formal sense respectively. These entities are organically integrated level cultural practices based on an autopoietic performativity with grades that are widely debated academically and/or through specific productions of contemporary visual arts. Mapping aesthetic proposal conforms to a body of art works and theoretical, in the exhibition history addressed by this study, form a constellation theme and procedural attachment to the modes of production in the visual arts. These nodules or modes are integrated to a network epistemological fascinating, in light of the selected art works are always so critical transparentized based, the latter, is also critical the state of the global and systemic, are notable changes or adjustments, so appropriate to the complexity and/or program unit that maneuver both ethical and aesthetic and social needs of its realization. The spatial unit addressed as specific territories constitute denoted by physical and political margins forming residual spaces adjacent, while containers underlying, marks and signs of resistance asystemic administrative facilitated by a lack of consistent quality to its residual margin as invisible 'blind spots' often not even counted, like a colony of homeless 'San Eugenio' in Santiago de Chile and intangible artifacts which were exposed in the work 'Vagrancy Architecture' 2005 in the Museum Contemporany Art MAC UACH in Valdivia, Chile, for the same author. Marginal places and locations that make an interesting 'live tank', a 'living archive' of book and recreate necessary for reflection and unconcealed through, among others, the same corpus of this curatorship, and their counterpoints of works and authors that in the same study notes. Regarding his research methodology presented here has been incipiently systematized during the years 2011-2012 comprising specific art actions in a 14-kilometer coastline that stretches from the place called 'Punta Brava' to 'The Book of Curiñanco' on XIV Rivers Region, Chile. These actions are experiencing considerable confluence of contemporary artistic production both from critics and its tributaries bordering epistemological humanities also an interesting corpus of contemporary works, curatorial and site projects that contribute significantly to the construction of possible futures, from the visual arts in particular and to the economic and human sciences in general, lead to the inescapable debate challenge involved in the discussion localization studies/globalization teory

Mitä luottamus oikein on? Mitä luottamus on suomalaisten työpaikkojen esimies-alaissuhteissa? Koulutuspäällikkö Nina Laine on väitöskirjassaan tutkinut luottamusta suomalaisten esimiesten ja alaisten välillä. Väitöskirjan mukaan luottamus rakentuu yhdistelmästä tunnetta ja kokemusperäistä tietoa. Esimiehet voivat lisätä luottamusta omalla käytöksellään. Luottamaan on mahdollista oppia. Esimiestyön oppiminen tapahtuu usein käytännön työelämässä ja sitä tuetaan esimiesvalmennuksilla. Ensin opitaan yksi ammatti (esim. insinööri tai opettaja) ja sitten opitaan johtamistaitoja esimiestehtävään siirryttäessä. Luottamus on yksi toimivan esimies-alaissuhteen peruselementti. Tämän vuoksi esimieheksi siirtyvän on opittava myös luottamuksen rakentamista. Aiempi luottamustutkimus on perustunut pitkälti kysely- ja tilastotutkimuksiin. Laine on ensimmäisiä työpaikkojen luottamusta laadullisesti analysoineita tutkijoita. Väitöstutkimuksen aineistona oli suomalaisilta esimiehiltä kerätyt syvähaastattelut ja kirjoitukset. Laineen tutkimuksessa uutta on tunteen, moraalin ja oppimisen korostaminen. Se poikkeaa aiemman luottamustutkimuksen valtavirrasta, jossa luottamuksen keskeisimpänä tekijänä on pidetty tietoa. ; This qualitative study in the field of vocational education explores the phenomenon of trust in superior-subordinate relationship. The study, using phenomenological research method, is based on the constructivist paradigm. The research data was collected in Finland, in Finnish. The writing process was conducted in English, both in Finland and in the United States. The data consisted of in-depth interviews and writings. Informants were from business world and public sector, and included both men and women. Becoming a manager requires learning to lead people and to manage organization s operations. Often these skills are learned at the workplace and in extension studies. Therefore learning to become a leader can be seen as vocational education learning the profession of leadership. Building trust is essential in leadership and learning to build trusting work relationships is leaders task, among others. Trust is an intriguing topic to study because it is relevant both socially and scientifically. Nowadays people live in an interdependent world where globalization brings forth new challenges for cooperation. As people working together tend to have ever tighter interlinkages, trust becomes a necessity. This has led to a contradiction: While trust is at the same time diminishing in Western countries, it s significance is increasing and new forms of building trust are evolving. Scientifically trust has raised interest in different literatures psychology, sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, history, and social biology but each literature has approached trust with its own disciplinary lenses and filters. Remarkably little effort has been made to integrate these different perspectives. Trust in superior-subordinate relationship merits to be researched because, for majority of people, social networks at work are central in their daily human interaction. Also, the power hierarchy in superior-subordinate relationship makes it scientifically interesting. Being a superior and subordinate are work related roles, which are always affected by power asymmetries. Another reason for studying trust in superior-subordinate relationship is the need of empirical qualitative research related to trust. According to this study, trust is both emotion and knowledge, but the emphasis is clearly on emotion. The building blocks of trust are: Integrity of talk and action, respecting and allowing emotions related to trust, active communication, and taking time to build trusting relationships. Also, superior s support is essential in trust. However, superior-subordinate relationship is reciprocal and subordinates impact is crucial, too. This study binds learning and trust together by presenting three aspects: 1) learning to trust in relationships, 2) learning to trust as single-loop and double-loop learning (see below), and 3) learning to trust as a transformative process. Learning in relationships refers to constant mirroring of our values, thoughts and actions with other people. All this enables trust. Learning to trust can also be described by using Argyris s (1982) theory of single-loop and double-loop learning. In single-loop learning, learning to trust may be based on generalizations and what is taught. In double-loop learning, ideas are confronted and challenged, and the processes are disconfirmable and not self-sealing. When people challenge themselves to take a double look over their views, they can remodel their operating norms and come to conclusion that their criteria for trust or distrust were too narrow. Learning to trust can sometimes be a transformative process, which fundamentally changes the frame of reference and affects values and attitudes of the trustor. Theoretically this research has added to previous theories of trust a view that puts priority on feelings and binds learning and trust together. It has brought forth, to a concrete level, the topic related differences and similarities of superiors and subordinates viewpoints. The study has also stressed the moral and value related aspects of leadership and trustworthiness by describing leaders transformative learning processes and personal narrative moral stories, both of which emerged spontaneously from the data. In addition, this study has contributed to the research of trust in leadership by addressing the lack of empirical qualitative study. In addition to theoretical contribution, this study has several managerial (practical) implications. These are related to the development of leadership and promoting well-being at work. This research has created new knowledge about trust in work context, and can provide tools for thinking for leaders. Getting acquainted with different aspects of trust in superior-subordinate relationship can help leaders to realize its significance.

"George Anson, Baron Anson (1697-1762), circumnavigator and First Lord of the Admiralty, entered the Royal Navy in 1712 and progressed rapidly, achieving his first command in 1722. He benefited from the patronage of his uncle Thomas Parker, later the Earl of Macclesfield, who served as Lord Chief Justice and Lord Chancellor until his impeachment for fraud in 1725. Anson first saw action at the Battle of Cape Passaro (1718) under Admiral Sir George Byng but most of his early career was spent as captain of the station ship based at Charleston, South Carolina. In 1737 he was appointed captain of the 60-gun Centurion and sent on patrol to West Africa and the Caribbean. It was in this ship that he circumnavigated the globe (1740-1744) during the war with Spain. Ordered to attack the Pacific coast of Spanish South America, the expedition almost ended in disaster when half of Anson's squadron disappeared as it encountered 'huge deep, hollow seas' during the passage around Cape Horn. Despite further heavy losses, Anson was able to carry out a limited number of raids against coastal targets, but his capture of the Spanish treasure galleon Nuestra Señora de Covadonga off the Philippines was a real victory that secured his reputation (and wealth). On his return Anson, welcomed as a national hero, soon revealed his political ambitions: he joined the opposition Whigs, was elected MP for Hedon and appointed to the Admiralty Board. Although he entered the Board while still a captain, he secured rapid promotion to Rear-Admiral, Vice-Admiral and then Admiral of the Fleet. Anson returned to sea in command of the Western Squadron in 1746-1747 and his notable victory against the French at the Battle of Cape Finisterre was a rare example of a British naval success after seven years of war. Anson, who was then raised to the peerage, returned to the Admiralty Board, working with the Duke of Bedford as First Lord and with Lord Sandwich on a series of naval reforms, which included ending political interference in courts-martial, introducing compulsory retirement, innovations in ship design and the formation of the Royal Marines under Admiralty control. In 1751, Anson succeeded Lord Sandwich as First Lord of the Admiralty and served until his death in 1762 (except for one brief interruption in 1756-1757 following the loss of Minorca). The reform programme continued, but his main priority on returning to office (and the Cabinet) in the Pitt-Newcastle coalition was the Seven Years War: its strategic direction, planning operations and preparing naval forces. Although he died shortly before the conflict ended, Pitt later said of Anson: 'to his wisdom, to his experience the nation owes the glorious success of the last war.' Horace Walpole inevitably took a more critical view: 'Lord Anson was reserved and proud, and so ignorant of the world, that Sir Charles Williams said he had been round it, but never in it.' Anson's earlier biographers have focused on the story of the circumnavigation, which has largely defined his reputation, as well as his victories at sea. However, other aspects of his career, particularly his roles as a naval reformer and wartime strategist, deserve to be given greater weight in reassessing his position as a leading figure in British naval history. As one commentator has pointed out, 'there is an increasing cultural valuation of administrative skills that allows an Anson to be remembered in the same arena with, but still distinctly from, a Nelson. Whereas Horatio Nelson is certainly the most well-known and enduring example of a naval hero, others followed different paths to success during their lifetimes.'" --