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The article aims at presenting the current state of knowledge in the field of organizational justice and its importance for the organization. It includes an overview of changing perception of justice as an idea over the centuries and discusses organizational justice as a part of the field of management science. In the article the author describes three main components of organizational justice: distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactive justice. Additionally, selected research in the area of organizational justice and its impact on the organization and its members has been presented. Conclusions from the presented literature review contain possible directions for further research in the field of organizational justice.

A volume is being prepared, under the over-all guidance and editorship of Gottfried O. Lang and Peter F. M. McLoughlin, on progress among the Sukuma, Tanzania's largest tribal group. The book is both historical and interdisciplinary, covering aspects of geography, economics, agricultural economics, anthropology, political science, sociology, and history. Occupying some 20,000 square miles east and south of Lake Victoria, the Sukuma own approximately one-fifth of Tanzania's livestock and produce most of the country's cotton, the second largest export by value. Chapters will pay particular attention to the factors which have been responsible for Sukumaland's positive economic, social, and political changes, as well as to those elements which have precluded or delayed change. The orientation is practical; development experience will be analysed so that current and future policies and procedures may profit from a more precise definition of trends, problems, and prospects. An appendix will synthesise contributors, research methodologies, techniques, and problems.

International audience ; Research on European legislative decision-making has entered a stage of quantitative analysis. The quantitative approach promises to advance the current dialogue by allowing for the evaluation of competing approaches across multiple policy domains and over time. At the same time, the quantitative study of EU decision-making introduces a number of drawbacks: it is difficult to identify one definitive source for legislative information, and case-level data are not directly accessible in a machine-readable format. In order to identify the most crucial pitfalls and provide a reliable data source, we evaluate the most frequently cited, publicly available EU legislative database, CELEX, and compare it with a less publicized legislative database referred to as PreLex. We find that CELEX documents legislative events, whereas PreLex records inter-institutional activities in the legislative process. Unsurprisingly, each of these databases has particular advantages, and we discuss which of the two might be better suited for the analysis of specific research questions.

Intro -- U.S. NUTRITION AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH OVERVIEW, FUNDING ISSUES AND TRENDS -- U.S. NUTRITION AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH OVERVIEW, FUNDING ISSUES AND TRENDS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 IMPROVING HEALTH THROUGH NUTRITION RESEARCH: AN OVERVIEW OF THE U.S. NUTRITION RESEARCH SYSTEM -- ABSTRACT -- WHAT IS THE ISSUE? -- WHAT DID THE STUDY FIND? -- HOW WAS THE STUDY CONDUCTED? -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHS FROM NUTRITION RESEARCH TO BETTER HEALTH -- Public-Sector Communication of Best Practices -- Public-Sector Regulations and Policies -- Private-Sector Innovation -- THE U.S. NUTRITION RESEARCH SYSTEM: NATURE AND STRUCTURE -- Federal Support for Nutrition Research -- National Trends in Federal Support for Nutrition Research -- FEDERAL PORTFOLIO OF NUTRITION RESEARCH AREAS AND RESEARCH PERFORMERS -- Defining Portfolio Shares Using HNRIM -- Distribution of Federal Support Across Major Nutrition Research Areas Is Relatively Stable -- Share of Support for Disease, Injury, and Conditions Research Increased Due to the Obesity, Genetics, and Other Diseases Topic Areas -- Share of Support for Metabolism and Metabolic Mechanisms Research Decreased Due to the Vitamins, Minerals, and Proteins Topic Areas -- Share of Support for Food Sciences Decreased Due to the Food Composition and Effects of Technology on Foods and Diets Topic Areas -- The Portfolio of Federally Supported Organizations That Perform Nutrition Research -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX-THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROJECT COUNTS AND PROJECT AWARDS -- REFERENCES -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES -- SUMMARY -- USDA'S RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND ECONOMICS (REE) MISSION AREA -- Federal Funding -- Formula Funds vs. Competitive Grants -- Intramural vs. Extramural Funding -- PUBLIC AND PRIVATE FUNDING

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Arid Environments -- Environmental Assessments -- Environmental Atmospheric Research -- Environmental Behavior -- Environmental Biology -- Environmental Boreal Research -- Environmental Botany -- Environmental Calalysis -- Environmental Change -- Environmental Chemistry -- Environmental Earth Sciences -- Environmental Entomology -- Environmental Geosciences -- Environmental Metrics -- Environmental Microbiology -- Environmental Modeling -- Environmental Modelling and Software -- Environmental Research -- Environmental Statistics -- Environmental Sustainability -- Environmental Water Research -- Index.

Over the past 15 years, the field of archival studies around the world has experienced unprecedented growth within the academy and within the profession, and archival studies graduate education programs today have among the highest enrolments in any information field. During the same period, there has also been unparalleled expansion and innovation in the diversity of methods and theories being applied in archival scholarship. Global in scope, Research in the Archival Multiverse compiles critical and reflective essays across a wide range of emerging research areas and interests in archival studies; it aims to provide current and future archival academics with a text addressing possible methods and theoretical frameworks that have been and might be used in archival scholarship and research.

ABSTRACTWith the discipline's push toward data access and research transparency (DA-RT), journal replication archives are becoming increasingly common. As researchers work to ensure that replication materials are provided, they also should pay attention to the content—rather than simply the provision—of journal archives. Based on our experience in analyzing and handling journal replication materials, we present a series of recommendations that can make them easier to understand and use. The provision of clear, functional, and well-documented replication materials is key for achieving the goals of transparent and replicable research. Furthermore, good replication materials enhance the development of extensions and related research by making state-of-the-art methodologies and analyses more accessible.

General Introduction -- I. Science in the Steady State? -- Section Introduction -- Lessons of History: Successive Challenges to Science Policy -- What is Happening to Science? -- The University System in Transition: Possibilities and Limitations of Universities in the "Steady State" -- Professional Roles in Steady State Science: The Case of Italy -- U.S. Science Policy in the 1990s: New Institutional Arrangements, Procedures, and Legitimations -- II. New Roles, New Linkages -- Section Introduction -- The International Pattern and Determinants of Technological Activities -- Panel: The Role of Industry in Science Policy -- The Second Academic Revolution: The Role of the Research University in Economic Development -- U.S. Policy on Intellectual Property in R&D: Emerging Political and Moral Issues -- Panel: Trans-sectoral and Trans-disciplinary Networking -- Information and Communications Technology and Managing Science -- The Future: Steady State or New Challenges? -- Panel: Global Science Policy -- The International Organization of Scientific Work -- III. Selection and Management of the Research Base -- Section Introduction -- The Politics of Science Policy -- Strategic Policy for Science -- Strategic Processes and S&T Indicators: Towards a Key Role in R&D Management Systems -- Panel: National Experiences in Planning Strategic Research -- Panel: Strategic National Priorities and Internationalization -- Implementation and Evaluation of Science & Technology Priorities and Programs -- Options for the Future of Research Evaluation -- Analyzing Basic Research Goals for the U.S. Congress -- Panel: Peer Review in Evaluation -- IV. The Place of the Individual in the Science System -- Section Introduction -- Individual Autonomy and Autonomy of Science: The Place of the Individual in the Research System -- Research as a Career -- Panel: Educational Foundations for Career Flexibility -- Panel: Organizational Roles and Individual Autonomy -- V. An Exercise in Foresight -- An Exercise in Foresight: The Research System in Transition—to What?.

In debates on methodology, reflexivity describes an analytical practice whereby researchers take the context of the research situation into account, including the influence researchers have on the study and its results. Following constructivist epistemological principles, reflexivity is a required component of qualitative methodologies. There are various approaches as to what aspects of the researcher and the situation to consider - and how to go about them. In this paper, I propose that researcher reflexivity not only serves analytical, but also ethical purposes. Using an example from a qualitative organizational study, I show that field experiences can be both an insightful datum for analysis as well as grounds for "ethics in practice." Ethical reflexivity involves considering the social and political implications of research, avoiding harm, and ensuring participants' rights while striving for accountability in pursuing scientific goals. These multiple tasks create tension and contradictory demands on researchers, which are not easily resolved. Yet the way forward lies in addressing the challenges and seeking solutions not only with scientific peers, but also in dialogue with actors in the field.

This article reviews prison crowding research. In the first section, the legal, political, and social context of prison crowding is evaluated. The second section explores the relationship between crowding and violence. It is argued that most prison crowding studies do not investigate intervening mechanisms that may account for a relationship between crowding and violence, if and when a relationship is found. Furthermore, it is suggested that one reason for the inconsistency in the results of such studies is that researchers have failed to examine the proximal causes of violence as well as the formal mechanisms prison administrators use to control or limit violence. In the third section, I reexamine the evidence on the most consistent finding in the crowding and health area, that dormitories are associated with higher illness reporting rates than are other types of housing. I conclude that this finding is probably an artifact of selection bias. Furthermore, illness reporting is the result of a complex set of circumstances that is affected as much by psychological and sociological causes as by the health status of the inmate. Despite the prevailing sentiments about the harmful effects of crowding, there is little consistent evidence supporting the contention that short- or long-term impairment of inmates is attributable to prison density. The purported consistency of findings is challenged in the fourth section. One reason for the lack of consistency may be that researchers have failed to consider management interventions under periods of high confinement and have failed to account for conditions other than crowding that affect inmate debilitation.

This article reviews literature in human epigenetic research as a case study in order to examine and critique the dominant framework of embodiment as unidirectional or bidirectional and mechanistically driven. The authors identify three major critiques to this approach: (1) the treatment of epigenetic traits as a mechanism of embodiment, rather than as multidirectional components of a dynamic and ongoing embodiment process; (2) a tendency to view changing epigenetic traits as both the cause and the solution for embodied social inequalities rather than examining the need for systemic change; and (3) a loss of the complexity of varied lived experiences within epigenetic studies. The authors suggest weaving in humanistic frameworks and expanding toward a multidirectional definition of embodiment in the field as a way forward.

Research about race and racism(s) has helped to explain power relations and differences in education. However, it has been difficult to have a theoretical lens using the concept of race and racism(s) accepted in areas of education, as well as in educational research in Sweden. Issues formulated in terms of race and racism(s) are controversial and there is strong resistance to talk about race. This article provides an overview of research in education using the concepts of race, racism(s), and/or racialization in Sweden after World War II. The aim is to investigate educational research where these concepts come into use, how this research is framed, the findings of the studies, as well as nuances and tendencies in educational research using the concept of race. The article locates the historical view of the concept of race and its use in Sweden and argues that the history and unresolved political issues around eugenics and race come into play and contribute to the hesitation and avoidance of the use of the concept.