Suchergebnisse

The author gives a description of the arms, armour, infantry, and servants of the Iranian military tradition of West Asia.

Soil conservation in the highlands of South-East Asia is essential for sustainable
agro-environmental development. The effectiveness of soil conservation treatments developed
in runoff plots was investigated in farmer-managed plots on a natural catchment. This was
achieved by the development and scientific evaluation of modified and novel cropping
practices in a representative highland catchment in Yunnan Province, China. Wang Jia
Catchment covers 40.1 hectares near Kedu, in Xundian County, north-east Yunnan (25o28'N,
102o53'E). The initial project consisted of an evaluation of the effects of modified cropping
practices on maize productivity and soil properties. This programme was extended to
investigate ways of increasing the productivity of maize, wheat and soybean on fragile slopes
in a sustainable and environmentally-friendly way. The approach incorporates modified and
novel agronomic and soil conservation measures, with the evaluation of their agricultural,
environmental and socio-economic impacts using multidisciplinary approaches. This European
Union funded project involved an international research team from Belgium, China, Ireland,
Thailand and the U.K. Five co-ordinated work packages were implemented. Involving: (1)
Background agricultural and environmental assessment of Wang Jia Catchment. (2)
Implementation and evaluation of modified and novel cropping systems for wheat, maize and
soybean in the catchment. (3) Cost-benefit analyses of the socio-economic impacts of the
changed cropping practices. (4) Comparative scientific evaluation of the cropping techniques
in the highlands of northern Thailand. (5) Dissemination of project outcomes and
establishment of training programmes for best practice in highland rural development. The
lessons of the Project for promoting sustainable agro-environmental development in tropical
and subtropical highlands include: (1) Recognizing the importance of both 'north-south' and
'south-south' co-operation in development projects, (2) Integrating local people as full partners
in the research programme, (3) Matching the different 'time horizons' of the different
stakeholders and (4) Developing multidisciplinary teams, including biophysical scientists and socio-economists.

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of diseases caused primarily by parasitic and bacterial infections and result in a wide spectrum of conditions that stigmatize, debilitate and disfigure. NTDs thrive in conditions of poverty and hinder development among the most vulnerable populations. More than 1 billion people in Asia and the Pacific are at risk for infection with at least one NTD and entire communities suffer from the economic and social consequences of this unacceptable burden. However, proven strategies exist to prevent and treat NTDs. Several NTDs can be controlled at a cost of less than US$ 0.25 per treated person, and others can even be eliminated. The Asia Pacific NTD Initiative was created to help mobilize support and resources available to countries to end this neglect and inequality. With the support of WHO and donors, modest investments in capacity-building, integrated planning, monitoring and evaluating and technical assistance can ensure that governments have the resources to implement activities to control and eliminate NTDs. This publication describes the burden, outlines defined actionable objectives and signifies a call to action to help close the gap of US$ 121 million. This publication outlines how, with renewed commitment and investment, the Asia Pacific region can achieve the goals of NTD control and elimination and contribute to poverty reduction and development among its most vulnerable populations.

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of diseases caused primarily by parasitic and bacterial infections and result in a wide spectrum of conditions that stigmatize, debilitate and disfigure. NTDs thrive in conditions of poverty and hinder development among the most vulnerable populations. More than 1 billion people in Asia and the Pacific are at risk for infection with at least one NTD and entire communities suffer from the economic and social consequences of this unacceptable burden. However, proven strategies exist to prevent and treat NTDs. Several NTDs can be controlled at a cost of less than US$ 0.25 per treated person, and others can even be eliminated. The Asia Pacific NTD Initiative was created to help mobilize support and resources available to countries to end this neglect and inequality. With the support of WHO and donors, modest investments in capacity-building, integrated planning, monitoring and evaluating and technical assistance can ensure that governments have the resources to implement activities to control and eliminate NTDs. This publication describes the burden, outlines defined actionable objectives and signifies a call to action to help close the gap of US$ 121 million. This publication outlines how, with renewed commitment and investment, the Asia Pacific region can achieve the goals of NTD control and elimination and contribute to poverty reduction and development among its most vulnerable populations.

International labor migration is an important part of modern processes taking place in the world, affecting not only the countries' economies, but also it's political, social and demographic situation. Due to the peculiarities of the Russian economy, the attraction of foreign workers is an urgent need, however, it should be noted that labor migration carries not only positive aspects for the host countries. The flow of migrants who do not speak Russian well, who were brought up in a different cultural and religious environment and, as a result, are difficult to integrate into Russian society, forms some social development challenges for Russia. In recent years, there have been disputes in the expert community about the language proficiency of labor migrants.This article presents an analysis of the level of Russian language proficiency of foreign workers from Central Asian countries, as well as the impact of this level on various aspects of their socio-economic adaptation. In addition, the article examines the level of Russian language proficiency of labor migrants, depending on their migration intentions, the length of stay in the host country, as well as depending on the field of activity of foreign workers. In the process of the research, the influence of the level of knowledge of the Russian language on the monthly income of a foreign worker was analyzed. It was noted that in order to eliminate the communication barrier between foreign workers and the local population, there is a need to intensify the language training of migrants by developing and implementing language courses, expanding access to them and migrants' awareness of their availability.

AbstractThis paper empirically examines how a free market, a governance quality (GQ) and their interaction simultaneously affect income inequality in 23 Asian developing countries over the period 2000–2019. Especially, different dimensions of a free market proxied by various components of economic freedom (EF) are analysed. Results show that the overall EF and three of its components, including labour freedom, trade freedom and investment freedom, reduce income inequality; but other components, including business freedom (BF), monetary freedom (MF) and financial freedom (FF), widen income inequality. Meanwhile, the GQ not only decreases income inequality but also intensifies the beneficial impacts of the overall EF and those respective components of EF on income equality. Notably, at certain thresholds of GQ, the detrimental impacts of BF, MF and FF on income equality turn into the advantageous ones. The findings consolidate the appropriate combination of free market with specific dimensions and the GQ in boosting the equality of income distribution in Asian developing countries.

Contains the following headlines: Background. National level policies and programs. Impact indicators and approach. Impact of government policies and programs. Way forward. Conclusions.