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This book is about how the activities of the Chinese sojourners in wartime India caused great concerns to the British colonial regime and the Chinese Nationalist government alike and how these sojourners responded to the surveillance, discipline, and check imposed by the governments.

Rural development is the central subject of India like developing countries where 80% of people live in a rural area, the meaning of rural development not only the economic development of the rural areas, it also means that where each and every individual participating in the policy formulation and implementation take benefit of the public policies. In Assam is the gateway and centre point of North-eastern states. Assam has been playing a prominent role in the Indian economy, also cultivate the various type of agriculture facilities and mostly Tea, Rice, etc., The administrative system of rural areas 73rd amendment implemented, some tribal areas have run the tribal autonomous council, rural development means the whole subjects include like health, education and cultural all part of development, in this paper highlight the various scheme of government how far implement and people get benefit. ; This Article Published at Euro Afro Studies International Journal® (EASIJ.COM), Issue: 1, Vol.#1, Month: December, 2019.

The strengthening of women's participation in all spheres of life has become a major issue in the discourse of economic and social development in the last decades. Virtually every international and bilateral development agency has proclaimed policies to integrate women better into economic and social processes. The promotion of women in politics, however, especially if it is supposed to be implemented through affirmative action is still contested. This is in spite of the fact that women, who form around 50% of total world population, share a considerably lower presence in elected political bodies: Women made up only 11.6% of MPs in 176 parliaments in 1995 (IDEA 2002). Apparently universal franchise is inadequate to overcome structural constraints that impede female presence in political offices. Thus, despite their numerical strength, women are still a minority in respect to political power and positions occupied. Interestingly enough India is one of the countries where a women's quota of 33% was introduced at least at the local level. The same strategy for the State Assemblies and the National Parliament is still highly contested and the so-called "Women's Bill" failed thrice to be passed so far. At the same time, some readers might be astonished that India has realised a women's quota at all, since India is often portrayed as backward in regard to women's position in society. News on dowry deaths, widow burning, and the abortion of female foetuses still dominate the rather undifferentiated public image of India. Nevertheless, in 1992 the 73rd Amendment to the Indian Constitution laid down new rules for the establishment and design of rural local government (called Panchayati Raj). This Amendment also stipulates that at least 33% of the seats and positions have to be filled by women. Proponents of this measure believe that the quota for women will lead to their empowerment, whereas critics claim that those women will be mere "proxies" for influential males and will be mainly drawn from the elite. The opponents ...