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This article discusses how Brazilian AIDS activism has emerged and been reconfigured over the last 25 years. I analyze how societal forms were created and particular problems emerged in a specific context affected by the AIDS epidemic. Based on ethnographic research in concrete contexts in Brazil, I follow the ways by which people have united around various ideas and practices related to life, health and illness, morality and politics. People affected by the epidemic were engaged in sociality, identity formation and the definition of a wide range of health, political and judicial demands, which take a particular biosocial activism as their main form of collective mobilization. My main aim is to reflect, therefore, on the formation of particular biosocial worlds, socialities, collectivities and identities related to specific modes of subjectification surrounding life and death, biomedicine and biotechnologies, politics and citizenship.

The article reviews the evolution of self-government institutions and development process of local communitiesin Western countries and Lithuania. The problematical question is how the work of self-government institutionswas affected by local communities in the past, what influence it can cause in modern society.It is noted, that the attitude of researchers towards local communities fluctuated. Considering that localcommunities are older than polity, later the research of local community, as a closed industrial system, was started.This kind of turn was determined by industrial revolution and one of the prime changes – personal freedomchanged the personal dependence from others. Naturally, the functions of self-government changed toward industrialrevolution, the relation between self-government and local communities too, because the theory of political local self-government, which gives the priority of local government to town government, institutionalized exactlyin 19th century.Considering the fact, that Lithuania didn't have large cities, natural-traditional rights had an impact in interwarsocial order in Lithuania. Therefore the influence of traditions is appreciable, when we talk about localcommunities in modern Lithuania. The sociological research "Local community 2001" showed , that traditionalinstitutions, like the church, the school, cultural institutions and also the institutional subdivision – elders officeperforms the important role in the working in local community.

Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Thematic Scope of the Book -- 1.2 Remarks on the Citation and Translation of Being and Time -- References -- Part I: Interpreting the Anyone -- Chapter 2: Who is the Self of Everyday Existence? -- 2.1 "Not-Myself" Phenomena -- 2.2 I-Candidates -- 2.3 The World of Affordances -- 2.4 "The 'I' qua Dasein" -- 2.5 Heidegger's Central "Not-Myself" Phenomenon: Being "Lived" by Publicness -- 2.6 Das Man and das Man-Selbst -- 2.7 On Not Being Myself -- References -- Chapter 3: Das Man and Everydayness: A New Interpretation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Problem -- 3.3 Olafson's das Man -- 3.4 Dreyfus's das Man -- 3.5 A Third Way: Mulhall's das Man -- 3.6 Mulhall and Beyond -- 3.6.1 Undifferentiatedness and the Continuum of Authenticity and Inauthenticity -- 3.6.2 Undifferentiatedness and Indifference -- 3.7 The Transformation of das Man -- 3.7.1 Inauthentic and Authentic Relations to das Man -- 3.7.2 The Critical and Political Potential of Authenticity -- References -- Chapter 4: Heidegger's Underdeveloped Conception of the Undistinguishedness (Indifferenz) of Everyday Human Existence -- 4.1 Introduction and Translation Choices -- 4.2 Textual Evidence and Interpretation I: The Existentialist and Social Constitution Interpretations of the Relation Between Ownedness and Unownedness -- 4.3 Textual Evidence and Interpretation II: The Presence and Distinctiveness of Undistinguishedness (Indifferenz) -- 4.4 Replies to Objections -- 4.5 Philosophical Significance and Resource for Contemporary (Critical) Social Theory -- References -- Chapter 5: Unobtrusive Governance: Heidegger and Foucault on the Sources of Social Normativity -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Role of Social Norms in Heidegger -- 5.3 Freedom and Falling -- 5.4 Heidegger's Clearing and Foucault's Power

This volume analyses, from a computational point of view, how culture may arise, develop and evolve through time. The four sections in this book examine and analyse the modelling of culture, group and organisation culture, culture simulation, and culture-sensitive technology design. Different research disciplines have different perspectives on culture, making it difficult to compare and integrate different concepts and models of culture. By taking a computational perspective this book nevertheless enables the integration of concepts that play a role in culture, even though they might originate from different disciplines. Culture is usually regarded as something vague and qualitative and thus difficult to deal with in a computational and formal setting. Taking a computational approach to culture thus encompasses a twofold risk: taking a too simplistic approach to cultural influence on behaviour; or trying to capture too much, hence not leading to useful computational tools. However, the approaches and insights in this collection show how different perspectives by leading researchers described in thirteen chapters still can form a coherent picture. The book thus illustrates the potential of using computing systems to better understand culture. By describing methods, theories and concrete application results about the integration of cultural aspects into computer systems, this book provides inspiration to researchers of all disciplines alike and presents the start of an interdisciplinary dialogue on culture.

This paper explores the Danish keyword vold 'violence, abuse' and its associated ethno-syntax. Calling into attention (i) the differences and similarities of violence-related concepts in ethnolinguistic communities, and (ii) the key role played by ethnosyntax in the elaboration of violence, vold, and similar concepts, the paper aims to open a new ethnolinguistic research agenda for the study of negative sociality constructs and the positive value system hidden in such concepts. The Danish ethnosyntax of vold 'violence, abuse' hidden in compound morphology is scrutinized. Focusing on the compounds hustruvold 'wife vold' and politivold 'police vold', the paper explores the hidden conceptual syntax embedded in such coinages. Exploring more recent constructs, such as forældrevold 'parent vold', it is argued that Danish ethnosyntax embodies a view of the world in which traditional authority figures are coded as aggressors: men, police, parents, whereas women, citizens and children are coded as victims.

Welcome to the 2nd issue of Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality.

Welcome to the inaugural issue of Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies on Human Sociality – an open access online journal for analyses of sense-making practices in naturally occurring social interaction as well as methodological and conceptual discussions for empirically based studies.

Current theories of human social interaction characterize interactants, both speakers and hearers, as possessing a rich cognitive and reflexive life achieved through collaboratively built action. However, prevailing transcription approaches, which tend to neglect listening activity, do not adequately incorporate such understandings of the phenomena they represent transcriptively. We review the history and scholarship of video-based studies of human sociality. We then present an example of horizontal transcription to demonstrate the utility of this approach in capturing the spatial, temporal, and visual components of human social interaction—in this case, that of young children telling stories as they are writing them.

This paper examines the discursive, embodied, and sequential organization of preschool teachers' compassionate touch in interaction: physically touching a child so as to soothe and relieve the child's distress. Utilizing multimodal conversation analysis, episodes of compassionate touch were identified and transcribed from a corpus of 48 hours of audio-visual recordings in a Japanese preschool. The analysis focuses on such touch within situations of peer conflict and accidents during play. It shows how compassionate touch was used with verbal resources and communicative practices, examines their positioning within sequences of interaction, and discusses children's responses. The findings attempt to further our understanding of affective touch in children's sociality and preschool childcare.

Insect sociality and why it matters for human sociality -- The need for a critical approach -- A bee or not a bee : historical and cross-cultural interpretations -- Entomologists and sociologists: common ground -- Despite the differences : insect sociality and comparative method -- Naturalizing hierarchical sociality through discourse -- Alternative visions of insect and (human) sociality