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This paper examines the causes and effects of mobile number portability (MNP) and provides a survey of its implementation in Europe. We first examine the competitive effects and the costs of introducing MNP. Next, we discuss how to charge for MNP. We argue that a price cap regime starting from the average cost of porting is likely to provide appropriate incentives. Finally, we review the recent experience with implementing MNP in Europe. Differences in the speed of porting and porting charges appear to explain part of the differences in the use of MNP across countries.

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is an image processing technology which uses number (license) plate to identify the vehicle. The objective is to design an efficient automatic authorized vehicle identification system by using the vehicle number plate. The system is implemented on the entrance for security control of a highly restricted area like military zones or area around top government offices e.g. Parliament, SupremeCourtetc.Thedevelopedsystemfirstdetectsthevehicleandthencapturesthevehicleimage.Vehiclenumberplateregionisextractedusingtheimagesegmentationinan image. Optical character recognition technique is used for the character recognition. The resulting data is then used to compare with the records on a database so as to come up with the specific information like the vehicle's owner, place of registration, address, etc. The system is implemented and simulated in .Net, and it performance is tested on real image. It is observed from the experiment that the developed system successfully detects and recognizethe vehicle number plate on real images.

On October 31 and November 1, 1979, The Anti-Cruelty Society hosted a conference on laboratory animal usage. It was a unique gathering that included not only humanitarians from near and far, but prominent members of the biomedical community as well. Day Two of the conference (November 1, 1979) opened with a presentation by Henry Spira. The following is a condensed and edited summary.

AbstractComprehensive survey needed in every state for the establishment of a definite utility program.