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ABSTRACTThis study discusses how idiosyncratic influence on the policies, which in this case is idiosyncratic to the 23rd French President Nicolas Sarkozy to the French re-entry into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The background of this study is to see how idiosyncratic Nicolas Sarkozy during life by using a social background psychobiography with Nicolas Sarkozy during childhood to become a French politician Nicolas Sarkozy affects the characteristics of leadership that became ambitious and ultimately influence policy decision making to select the French return again in the NATO defense pact.Keywords: Nicolas Sarkozy, Idiosyncratic, Psychobiography, Ambition, Decision Making, NATO

The ideas about governance pronounced by Xi Jinping make up an important constituent of Chinese po-litical discourse. In his articles and speeches, the President of China often uses familiar phrases including various proverbs, sayings and other phraseologisms expressing humanistic ideas and reflecting the traditional system of values of the Chinese people. An especially significant role in disseminating the ideas of Xi Jinping outside the PRC is played by the translation of the national-cultural specificity of the Chinese political text. ; В статье рассматривается сборника произведений Председателя КНР Си Цзиньпина, который содержит его основные идеи о социализме с китайской спецификой в современных условиях.

While perhaps once thought too far-fetched to discuss out loud in serious company, concerns that Donald Trump will refuse to leave office even if he loses the November election have gained increasing mainstream attention in recent months. Indeed, it would be foolish to assume that such a possibility is out of the question. The president has spent the past four years making clear his desire to remain more than two terms in office, and has worked especially diligently of late to lay the rhetorical groundwork for declaring the results of the federal election – particularly one reliant on absentee voting – illegitimate.

Initially underestimated, the coronavirus epidemic in Russia reached significant proportions in just a few weeks, putting the country in forth place worldwide for the number of those infected. The reactions of the authorities have indicated increasing levels of alarm, but without reaching the threshold of a general lockdown. The main responsibility for the safety of the population was delegated to the 'governors' of the federated subjects (with the lion's share falling on the Mayor of Moscow, Sergey Sobyanin). However, the difficult work of containing the economic fallout was left in the hands of the federal Government, under the menacing eye of President Putin

In his play Duell an der Havel (1954), the German playwright Fritz von Unruh took the liberty to imagine a fictional encounter between historic figures like Frederick the Great of Prussia and President George Washington. In his play, Unruh attempts a difficult mediation between opposing models of Enlightenment governance and the opposition of freedom and duty. Although historic events in Unruh's play are completely invented and staged, the author argues that the play holds up as a way of thinking about the complex history of the transatlantic relationship between Germany and the United States, from Washington and Fredrick the Great to Trump and Merkel. (DIPF/Orig.)

In the modern world, the figure of the first lady is significant for many spheres of public life. Although she is not a political figure in the traditional sense, there are many cases in which the president's wife has influenced decision-making in both domestic and foreign policy. In addition, the first lady has a significant impact on shaping the image of the president and, to a certain extent, acts as the "face" of the state on the international arena. Within the country, the president's wife is considered to be an example for a female audience embodying the values and moral foundations of American society.

Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has pledged to make Europe 'fit for the digital age', including in the areas of big data, 5G and artificial intelligence. On March 9, her first 100 days in office will be over and measured against her agenda for the legislative period 2019–2024. While the course has been set for an innovative and competitive EU as regards digitalisation and cyber, the Commission's approach has so far lacked a security perspective. This Policy Paper explains why the inclusion of a security dimension is crucial and how Europol, the EU's agency for police cooperation, could help von der Leyen to this end.

The literature frequently presents populists and technocrats as antagonistic. Although undoubtedly there are good historical examples that confirm this tension, in this article we propose that the relations between economic technocrats and populists are less conflictive than usually assumed and cohabitation a more common outcome than expected. We argue that two conditions moderate conflict between populists and economic technocrats, leading not only to their cohabitation but to cooperation between them: the programmatic mandate of populists and the economic context of their rise to power. We analyse the relations of economic experts with nine populist presidents in contemporary Latin America to show this argument's soundness.

Concluding remarks by J.H. Snider, a Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government and President of iSolon.org, delivered to Harvard University Canada Program's Conference on Comparing the Democratic Deficit in Canada and the United States: Defining, Measuring, and Fixing, Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 10, 2008. The remarks divide the substance of the conference into three categories: Democratic Deficits, Reforms to Fix the Democratic Deficits, and Reforms to Reform the Process of Fixing the Democratic Deficits. Canada's great democratic innovation, the creation of citizens assemblies on electoral reform, fits in this third category, Reforms to Reform the Process of Fixing the Democratic Deficits.

Anthony Stephen Fauci (1940-) is an American immunologist who has made substantial contributions to HIV/AIDS research and other immunodeficiencies. This the veteran HIV/AIDS researcher, who has been involved with every epidemic over the past 40 years, has even treated Ebola patients. He is very familiar to scientists, health officials, and politicians, having led National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), since 1984. He has advised US presidents all the way back from Ronald Reagan to Donald Trump. Articulate, candid, and true to his core, he has become a rational voice of science and a public figure

Over the past two decades, Russia has championed the primacy of national governments in managing the global internet. Scholars attribute Russia's global internet governance philosophy and practices predominantly to its increasingly authoritarian and illiberal regime under President Vladimir Putin. This article, by contrast, explores how Russian ruling elites' view of Russia as an immutable great power has directed the subsequent Russian governments' pursuit of a state-based multipolar digital order. To illuminate cultural continuities in Russia's approach to global communication governance in the post-Soviet period, I examine its state-centric policymaking initiatives at the International Telecommunication Union and the United Nations in the 1990s.

Lo storytelling è un fenomeno che si è sviluppato non solo in Occidente, ma anche nel contesto cinese, dove si è raffinato in modo peculiare, come pratica diffusa nella costruzione del messaggio politico. Il culmine di questo processo è efficacemente esemplificato dallo slogan ufficializzato dal Presidente cinese Xi Jinping nel 2013: "raccontare bene la storia / le storie della Cina" (jiang hao Zhongguo gushi 讲好中国故事) ; un'espressione, questa, in cui il termine 'storia' non è riferito alla produzione storiografica, bensì all'oggetto narrativo di un racconto relativo ad avvenimenti reali o fittizi, capace di attirare l'attenzione del pubblico e di influenzarlo.

The data represent a compilation of Freedom of Information Act annual reports from their 1975 advent through the 2020 reporting year. The annual reports cover all federal cabinet-level departments and their subsidiary units and are presented as single aggregated units for each year. Related Publications A.Jay Wagner, Essential or Extravagant: Considering FOIA Budgets, Costs and Fees, 34 Gov. Info. Q. 388 (2017). A.Jay Wagner, A Secret Police: The Lasting Impact of the 1986 FOIA Amendments, 23 Comm. L. & Pol'y 387 (2018). A.Jay Wagner, Pandering, Priority or Political Weapon: Presidents, Political Parties & the Freedom of Information Act, 26 Comm. L. & Pol'y 53 (2021).

As the Johnson Government stands on the Deal or No Deal cliff edge with the European Union, US President-elect Joe Biden signalled last week, "I'm not going to enter any new trade agreement with anybody until we have made major investments here at home and in our workers and in education." Although he did not refer specifically to a US-UK trade agreement, Biden drove home the point in an interview with Thomas Friedman ofThe New York Times: "I want to make sure we're going to fight like hell by investing in America first," listing sectors such as energy, biotech, advanced materials, and artificial intelligence.

The trade union is a forum to voice and drive the workers' struggle to claim their rights, both economic and political rights. The dynamics of trade unions move in line with the struggle of the Indonesian nation to fight for and defend independence. So that in the pre-independence era, labor unions were socially oriented and expanded to political orientation in the Old Order era. This situation is inversely proportional to the era of President Soeharto. The New Order government through the All Indonesia Workers Federation (FBSI) as the sole forum for trade unions tried to intervene in the labor movement. Keywords: intervention, labor union.