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This work presents a history of the co-operative firm in China from its origins in the early 20th century. The aim is to describe how in its evolution, the Chinese cooperative movement has diverged from the western notion of a co-operative. To understand the similarities and the divergence, we will consider a number of economic and cultural factors, including the etymology of the Chinese and English words for 'co-operative', the Confucian culture, and the influence of the political contingencies. We argue that contemporary Chinese economic transition would benefit from the presence of a strong, western style, co-operative sector but that the contribution of the co-operative sector towards sustainability cannot take place unless a civil society develops as well.

Рассмотрены основные концептуальные значения понятий «государственная политика» и «государственная образовательная политика» в западном и отечественном научных дискурсах. Выяснено значение английских терминов и обозначено их соотношение с традицией украинской политической мысли. Обрисовано соотношение государственной политики и государственной образовательной политики. Проанализированы существующие трактовки государственной образовательной политики и раскрыты ее сущностные характеристики. ; This article surveys key conceptual definitions of 'public policy' and 'public educational policy' in Western and Ukrainian academic discourses. The author finds out the meaning of English terms and presents their correspondence to the traditions of Ukrainian political science as well as discovers their correlation against each other. The article provides the analysis of actual definitions of public educational policy and discovers its essential characteristics.

В статье рассматриваются причины возникновения особого интереса Англии к Черкесии в обозначенный период и, как следствие, появление отдельных черкесоведческих работ в Лондоне антироссийской направленности. В частности, анализируются труды английских агентов Эдмонда Спенсера, Джеймса Бэлла и Джеймса Лонгворта, чья деятельность в Черкесии направлялась и поддерживалась правительством Британии в интересах своей колониальной политики. ; In the article the appearance reasons of England special interest to Circassia in the designated period and, as a consequence, the occurrence of some Circassian studies works of anti-Russian orientation in London are considered. In particular, the works of the English agents Edmund Spenser, James Bell and John Longworth are analyzed, whose activity in Circassia was directed and supported by the British government in behalf of its colonial policy.

В статье репрезентируются основные модели восприятия английскими интеллектуалами первой половины XVIII века выпущенной в 1702-04 гг. книги графа Кларендона «История мятежа и гражданских войн в Англии», а также восстанавливаются эстетический и политический контексты, обуславливающие такое восприятие. Особое внимание уделяется ревизионистской концепции Джона Олдмиксона и её критике со стороны его оппонентов. ; The paper represents principal points of view on Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and his "History of the rebellion and Civil wars in England" (1702-04), expressed by English intellectuals of the first half of the 18th century. It also reconstructs aesthetical and political contexts which brought up these notions. Special attention is paid to Mr. Oldmixon's revisionist conception on this "History" and its criticism by his opponents.

Focussing on corporatized and mediated imaginings of nation – as highly political, public and pedagogic processes – we aim within this paper to address important questions of cultural identification and discursive address. Our focus is on the ubiquity of the year 1966 in popular narratives of Englishness in the immediacy of major football tournaments: connoting far more than football, we argue that the mythopoesis of 1966 – as a somewhat artificial, powerful myth-making mnemonic – is a historically situated toponym that conjures up the supremacy of England on the international stage. Further, through the performance of an aesthetic of selective silence, we propose that the mythopoeia of 1966 reasserts a utopic abstraction of nation, and acceptance and enactment of, and acquiescence to, mythical English 'values'.

В статье рассматривается роль языка как специфического инструмента «soft power» в контексте осуществления внешней политики. На примере Азербайджана анализируется потенциал использования иностранных языков (русского и английского) с целью продвижения национальных интересов на международной арене как внешними акторами, так и представителями государственных органов и гражданского общества Азербайджанской Республики. ; This article examines the role of the language as a specific tool of "soft power" in the context of realization of foreign policy. The potential of the use of foreign languages (Russian and English) for the promotion of the national interests in the international arena both by external actors and by the representatives of government and civil society has been analyzed in the example of Republic of Azerbaijan.

На основе ряда Интернет-источников анализируются английские «слова года» (самые частотные по поисковым запросам в словаре Merriam-Webster.com) и слова, часто пишущиеся с орфографическими ошибками. Рассматриваются социолингвистические причины активизации тех или иных лексических единиц, осуществляется их сравнение с употреблением в русском языке и делается вывод о языковой гегемонии США. ; The English "words of the year" (the most frequent retrieval requests on the Internet-based dictionary Merriam-Webster.com as well as the frequently misspelled words) are analyzed on the basis of the range of Internet sources. Sociolinguistical reasons for activization of one or another lexical units are examined, comparison with using them in Russian language is conducted, conclusion about the language hegemony of the USA is made.

Muslims in Kenyan Politics explores the changing relationship between Muslims and the state in Kenya from precolonial times to the present, culminating in the radicalization of a section of the Muslim population in recent decades. The politicization of Islam in Kenya is deeply connected with the sense of marginalization that shapes Muslims' understanding of Kenyan politics and government policies.Kenya's Muslim population comprises ethnic Arabs, Indians, and black Africans, and its status has varied historically. Under British rule, an imposed racial hierarchy affected Muslims particularly, thwarting the development of a united political voice. Drawing on a broad range of interviews and historical research, Ndzovu presents a nuanced picture of political associations during the postcolonial period and explores the role of Kenyan Muslims as political actors ; English

Honorable Mention winner of the Friends of Fondren Library Undergraduate Research Awards, 2014. ; When King William III and Queen Mary II ascended to the English throne in 1689 they were relatively well received. However, by 1692 their relationship with the public was strained. This created a need for image rehabilitation that could be partially satisfied by a public work, such as semi-opera. The Fairy Queen, Henry Purcell's 1692 semi-opera, can be interpreted as a vehicle for this rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is achieved in this work through literary and historical allusions as well as an allegorical relationship between The Fairy Queen's Queen Titania and England's Queen Mary. Purcell subtlety reinforces these references and this relationship through instrumental, harmonic, and dramatic choices.

We analyse the origin and the evolution of the Varagian Guard throughout the Byzantine history, getting closer to an elite military unit formed by mercenaries of Nordic and English origin, that was present in any war incident of the Empire and in occasions such as 1203-1204, being the only effective military option against the Latin rivals. ; Analizaremos el origen y la evolución de la Guardia Varega a lo largo de la historia del Imperio Bizantino, acercándonos a una unidad militar de élite formada por mercenarios de origen nórdico e inglés presentes en cada uno de los episodios bélicos del Imperio y en ocasiones como en 1203-1204 constituyendo la única opción militar efectiva contra el enemigo latino.

This article examines the role of material culture, particularly clothing, houses and furniture, in the lives of nonconformist Protestant missionaries in Jamaica during the first half of the nineteenth century, in relation both to the lifestyles of the missionaries and their families and their encounters with enslaved people. While these missionaries hoped to improve the lives of the slaves and help them negotiate their transition to freedom, their visions of the material lives to which the formerly enslaved should aspire shows them to have been in some ways as intent as the planter class in denying agency to people of colour and mandating that they conduct their lives in accordance with English ideas regarding class, labour, religion, gender and sexuality.

Research revolves around the socio-political, linguistic, and cultural aspects of "Spanglish" while considering its future in American society. A speech modality used by many Hispanics in the United States, Spanglish mixes grammatical and lexical elements from both English and Spanish and is primarily used in oral communication. The announcement by the Real Academia Española (RAE) to include Estadounidismos (a term coined by the RAE for referring to words used primarily, if not exclusively, in the US by Spanish speakers which are now part of the recognized lexicon) in its upcoming dictionary in 2014 shocked many. Furthermore, it has also placed Spanglish in the center of yet another controversy, as it presents heritage speakers with an opportunity to decide whether or not to remain fragmented or united.

Objective: To identify and analyze studies in the literature that evaluated the burden of psychiatric patients relatives through Family Burden Evaluation Scale. Method: The articles search was performed in the LILACS and PubMed databases, following inclusion criteria: studies published in the period from 2002 to 2012, with full text and studies with adult humans, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish languages. Results: Ten articles indicated that family members with higher levels of overolad are those closest to the patient and living in conditions of social vulnerability. Conclusion: It is hoped that this study contributes to rethink the public politics on mental health, assist managers and employees of substitute services to cope with the theme of family burden, reflecting quality of life for patients and families.

Objective: Identifying what has been produced on cost analysis of allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cell. Method: It consists of an integrative review, where was done a search of studies on cost analysis in allogeneic transplantation. Results: There were found 265 articles, which, after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles, with twelve in English and two in Portuguese were selected. Eleven of these articles have made partial cost analysis, a study done systematic review of cost-effectiveness; one made economic evaluation of cost-effectiveness and cost evaluation study made about coverage for curative catheter in transplantation. Conclusion: There is a gap in the area of economic evaluation studies and the nurse should occupy this space, not only as a care manager, but also of cost.