Suchergebnisse

This article analyzes turnout in the European Parliamentary elections. Turnout is affected partly by the same factors that affect turnout in normal national elections & partly by factors related to the EU. The results show that most of the cross-country variation in turnout can be explained by the same variables as in national elections. Compulsory voting, weekend voting, & having other elections simultaneously with EP elections increase turnout. Also some EU-specific factors affect turnout, but their effect is smaller. Voters in countries benefiting from the EU subsidies vote more actively than voters in the countries that pay these subsidies. Further, turnout is higher in countries with strong support for the EU membership. Holding elections during weekends & having multiple constituencies in all countries could increase the turnout by approximately 10% points. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es arrojar luz sobre la perspectiva de los ciudadanos en los servicios de interés público. Se incorporan por tanto ideas procedentes de la psicología para explicar las decisiones económicas y la influencia de los factores demográficos de los individuos en este proceso. En primer lugar, se desarrolla un marco teórico que evalúe la participación de los ciudadanos en la co-producción de servicios públicos que utiliza tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. En segundo lugar, se amplia esta investigación con un enfoque cuantitativo que investiga el comportamiento de los ciudadanos en los servicios de interés público en diferentes países y regiones de la Unión Europea. Para ello, se emplea información procedente de dos importantes bases de datos (Encuesta financiera europea de los hogares y encuesta de salud de Irlanda del Norte). Los resultados muestran aversión a las pérdidas en el ahorro de los ciudadanos con respecto a su renta. También se observa evidencia de que los factores motivacionales y demográficos influyen la toma de decisiones en los servicios financieros y de la salud y que esta evidencia se respalda tanto a nivel nacional como regional. Finalmente, los hallazgos de esta tesis doctoral muestran que el papel del gobierno es fundamental para mejorar el papel de los ciudadanos en la prestación de servicios públicos. Los reguladores pueden hacer uso de los conocimientos de la economía del comportamiento para afrontar cuestiones relativas a la toma de decisiones de los ciudadanos que aborden intervenciones de política en diferentes servicios de interés público. ; ABSTRACT: This doctoral dissertation sheds light on the citizen experience in services of public interest such as banking and health. We incorporate insights from psychology into economics to explain factors related to the economic decisions of citizens and the influence of their demographics on their decision-making processes. In so doing, we first develop a theoretical framework on citizens' engagement in ICT- enabled co-production. Second, we data from two large databases (Household Finance and Consumption Survey and Health Survey of Northern Ireland) to expand this qualitative research with quantitative approaches. Findings show strong evidence that loss aversion exists in saving behavior as regards changes in individual income. We also find strong support that motivations and demographics influence citizen participation in banking and health systems, and that this evidence is supported at the country and regional level. Finally, findings of this doctoral dissertation show that the role of governments has been crucial to enhance citizen participation in the delivery of public services. Practical application of behavioral economics to questions concerning the citizen decision- making may be considered by policymakers to tackle policy interventions in services of public interest. ; También me gustaría expresar mi gratitud al proyecto "H2020 CITADEL: Empowering citizens to transform public administration" por la financiación concedida en el tramo final de la tesis doctoral.

AbstractFor the past 30 years, Chilean unionism has been shrinking. Through a comparison of the membership trajectories of 26 unions in two firms between 1990 and 2004, this article explains why some unions defied this trend and how their success affected overall union density in their firms. It argues that the unions that experienced the most favorable membership outcomes were those that, at key junctures of firm restructuring, earliest or most aggressively established a partnership relationship with management. However, in a context of great labor weakness, these cases of union accommodation took the form of exclusive patron-client exchanges, which exacerbated collective action problems and further eroded union density.

La Unión Europea es una Comunidad de Derecho y una Comunidad de derechos. Tanto sus instituciones, órganos y organismos, como las Administraciones nacionales cuando actúan como Administración europea, ejercen funciones administrativas conferidas por el Derecho de la Unión y tramitan procedimientos administrativos. A pesar de ello, no existe una regulación general del procedimiento administrativo a nivel europeo. En este trabajo se analizan los argumentos que incorpora el Tratado de Lisboa en favor de su codificación.The European Union is a Community of law and a Community of right. The institutions, bodies and offices of the Union, as well as national Administrations acting as European administration, exercise administrative functions conferred by the E.U. law and conduct administrative procedures. However, there is no general regulation of administrative procedure at European level. This article analyzes the arguments in favour of codification introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon.