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International audience ; Despite economic globalization, the liberalization of European markets and rapid technological changes, membership density in the trade unions in the metal sector in the Nordic countries remains exceptionally high compared to any other European region. The coverage of collective agreements has also remained intact, and unemployment is low by European standards. Nevertheless, the Nordic metal unions face a number of dilemmas. They all recognize a need to engage more actively in international, and especially European-level, policy-making, including the coordination of bargaining processes. Yet they fear that European regulation may undermine their national bargaining autonomy. They also recognize the need for a common Nordic position with regard to European policies; but differences in industrial structures and traditions of labour market regulation, alongside different national relationships to the European Union and Economic and Monetary Union, represent obstacles to closer cooperation between the Nordic metal federations. Moreover, a lasting problem is the winning of the support of their members for European and global activities.

Dilmen, Hande (Dogus Author) ; Human rights issues have been on top of the worlds agenda especially after World War II minority rights topic is undetachable from human rights. Apart from states' own efforts to improve minority rights a set of international documents has been signed and ratified. The most crucial international documents setting forth the minority rights in human rights context to celebrate pluralism and multi-culturalism are United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, Council of Europe's The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In this thesis my main objective was to outline the practice and legislation in European countries including Turkey, European approach to broadcasting in mother tongue and Turkey's efforts to meet the Copenhagen Criteria particularly in freedom of thought and expression topics. ; İnsan hakları konusu her zaman dünya gündeminin en başında yer almıştır, özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası Azınlık Hakları başlığı insane haklarının ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Devletlerin azınlık haklarını iyileştirme yönündeki çabalarının yanı sıra bir dizi uluslararası döküman da imzalanmış ve onaylanmıştır. İnsan hakları bağlamında çoğulculuğu ve çok kültürlülüğü öven ve azınlık haklarını düzenleyen en önemli uluslararası Belgeler Bm Soykırım Suçunun Önlenmesi Ve Cezalandırılması Sözleşmesi, Bm Sivil Ve Siyasal Haklar Uluslararası Sözleşmesi, Ulusal Veya Etnik, Dinsel Veya Dilsel Azınlıklara Mensup Olan Kişilerin Haklarına Dair Bildiri, Ulusal Azınlıkların Korunmasına Dair Çerçeve Sözleşme, Bölgesel Ve Azınlık Dilleri İçin Avrupa Şartıdır Tezin hazırlanmasında esnasında ana amacım Türkiye'de dahil olmak üzere Avrupa ülkelerindeki mevzuat ve uygulamanın özetini çıkarmak, ana dilde yayın konusuna Avrupa'nın yaklaşımını ve Türkiye'nin özellikle düşünce ve ifade özgürlüğü konularında Kopenhag Kriterlerine uyum çabalarının çerçevesini çıkarmak oldu. ; Abstract, II -- Özet, III -- lntroduction, 6 -- Chapter I: European Resources Of Broadcasting in Mother Tongue, 9 -- 1.1 European Charter For Regional And Minority Languages, 9 -- 1.1. a. General Outlook, 9 -- 1.1. b. Provisions On Broadcasting in Mother Tongue, 14 -- 1.1. c. Turkey & The Charter, 18 -- Chapter II: Framework Convention For The Protection Of National Minorities, 19 -- 2.1 General Framework, 19 -- 2.1.a. Provision On Broadcasting in Mother Tongue, 20 -- 2.1.b. Turkey And The Framework Convention, 22 -- Chapter III: European Convention On Transfrontier Television 23 -- 3.1.a. General Outlook 23 -- 3.1.b. Provisions On Freedom Of Expression 23 -- 3.1.c. Turkey And The Convention 24 -- 3.2. Directive 89/552/EEC "Television Without Frontiers", 24 -- 3.2.a. Overview, 24 -- 3.2.b. Turkey And The Directive, 25 -- Chapter IV: Practices Of European Countries, 26 -- 4.1 Austria, 26 -- 4.2 Belgium, 26 -- 4.3 Cyprus, 26 -- 4.4 Denmark, 27 -- 4.5 France, 30 -- 4.6 Germany, 33 -- 4.7 Luxembourg, 47 -- 4.8 Netherlands, 47 -- 4.9 Norway, 50 -- 4.10 Poland, 50 -- 4.11 Spain, 51 -- 4.12 Sweden, 52 -- 4.12 United Kingdom, 54 -- Conclusion: Brief Remarks On The Legal Framework In Turkey, 58 -- References, 63

Economics; European Union - Deze studie focust op de Nederlandse legitimiteitscrisis na het onverwachte Nederlandse nee tegen de Europese grondwet in 2005. Deze paper onderzoekt de oorzaken en gevolgen vanuit een politiek economisch gezichtspunt. De serie WRR-webpublicaties omvat studies die in het kader van de werkzaamheden van de WRR tot stand zijn gekomen. De verantwoordelijkheid voor de inhoud en de ingenomen standpunten berust bij de auteurs.

Kontrolle gilt als eine der bedeutsamsten Funktionen von Parlamenten. Ihre Wirksamkeit wurde jedoch in den vergangenen Dekaden angesichts der vertieften Europäischen Integration zunehmend in Frage gestellt. Im Nachgang des Lissabon-Vertrages untersucht der Band unterschiedliche Kontrollkonzepte und -dimensionen parlamentarischen Handelns im europäischen Mehrebenensystem. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, inwieweit sich der häufig behauptete Einfluss- und Kontrollverlust der Parlamente in Europa eher als Funktionswandel darstellt. Die Beiträge zeigen, dass wir es weniger mit einem Niedergang, sondern mit einer Anpassung der Legislativen an veränderte Bedingungen zu tun haben. Mit Beiträgen von: Gabriele Abels, Birgit Eberbach-Born, Markus Broich, Jonas Buche, Aron Buzogány, Annegret Eppler, Sven Hölscheidt, Sabine Kropp, Werner J. Patzelt, Werner Reutter, Daniel Rölle, Kristin Rohleder, Danny Schindler, Alexandra M. Schmid, Ulrich Schöler, Fabian Schulz, Sven T. Siefken, Andrej Stuchlik, Wolfgang Zeh