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AbstractMedieval texts reveal the normalised presence of Saami peoples in medieval Fennoscandia, suggesting close interactions involving trade, relationships, rituals, and magic. Despite growing recognition of these relations, the Saami remain overlooked in general studies of the Middle Ages, often relegated to symbolic roles or footnotes. As a result, Saami characters are typically depicted as the exotic Other within Norse society, often being stripped of agency and humanity in historical narratives. To counter these biases and distorted narratives, an essential step is analysing exclusionary structures in medieval literature and critically reviewing existing research on Saami representation. This process challenges dehumanising portrayals and confronts present-day stereotypes. The present study aims to 're-humanize' (as Paulette F. C. Steeves puts it) the medieval Saami past by using decolonising frameworks and perspectives offered by the so-called 'Indigenous turn' of medieval studies, bridging medieval studies and Indigenous studies within a Norse context.

The article presents various elements of the medieval cities of Lahore and Amritsar which are at an approximate distance of 51 km. These two-share various similar characteristics and patterns and were part of one state, Punjab. Although, the borders have been divided in India–Pakistan partition of 1947, still the urban fabric of both cities remains the same, and they share common features and elements. The common pattern and themes will be discussed by the author. This article briefly analyses the elements of both cities and attempts to bring out the similarity between the two.

Includes bibliographical references and index. ; This book is freely available in an open access edition thanks to TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem)—a collaboration of the Association of American Universities, the Association of University Presses, and the Association of Research Libraries—and the generous support of the University at Buffalo Libraries. Learn more at the TOME website, available at: openmonographs.org. ; At first glance, medicine and poison might seem to be opposites. But in China's formative era of pharmacy (200-800 CE), poisons were strategically employed as healing agents to cure everything from abdominal pain to epidemic disease. Healing with Poisons explores the ways physicians, religious figures, court officials, and laypersons used toxic substances to both relieve acute illnesses and enhance life. It illustrates how the Chinese concept of du-a word carrying a core meaning of "potency"-led practitioners to devise a variety of methods to transform dangerous poisons into effective medicines. Recounting scandals and controversies involving poisons from the Era of Division to the Tang, historian Yan Liu considers how the concept of du was central to how the people of medieval China perceived both their bodies and the body politic. He also examines the wide range of toxic minerals, plants, and animal products used in classical Chinese pharmacy, including everything from the herb aconite to the popular recreational drug Five-Stone Powder. By recovering alternative modes of understanding wellness and the body's interaction with foreign substances, this study cautions against arbitrary classifications and exemplifies the importance of paying attention to the technical, political, and cultural conditions in which substances become truly meaningful. Healing with Poisons is freely available in an open access edition thanks to TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem) and the generous support of the University at Buffalo. ; Healing with Poisons was made possible in part by a grant from the Traditional Chinese Culture and Society Book Fund, established through generous gifs from Patricia Buckley Ebrey and Tomas Ebrey. Additional support was provided by grants from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange and the Julian Park Publication Fund of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University at Bufalo.