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This Handbook presents the first comprehensive study of policy analytical practices in comparative perspective. It explores emerging developments and innovations in the field and advances knowledge of the nature and quality of policy analysis across different countries and at different levels of government by all relevant actors, both inside and outside government, who contribute to the diagnosis of problems and the search for policy solutions. Handbook chapters examine all aspects of the science, art and craft of policy analysis. They do so both at the often-studied national level, and also at the less well-known level of sub-national and local governments. In addition to studying governments, the Handbook also examines for the first time the practices and policy work of a range of non-governmental actors, including think tanks, interest groups, business actors, labour groups, media, political parties and non-profits. Bringing together a rich collection of cases and a renowned group of scholars, the Handbook constitutes a landmark study in the field.--

"This Handbook presents the first comprehensive study of policy analytical practices in comparative perspective. It explores emerging developments and innovations in the field and advances knowledge of the nature and quality of policy analysis across different countries and at different levels of government by all relevant actors, both inside and outside government, who contribute to the diagnosis of problems and the search for policy solutions.Handbook chapters examine all aspects of the science, art and craft of policy analysis. They do so both at the often-studied national level, and also at the less well-known level of sub-national and local governments. In addition to studying governments, the Handbook also examines for the first time the practices and policy work of a range of non-governmental actors, including think tanks, interest groups, business actors, labour groups, media, political parties and non-profits.Bringing together a rich collection of cases and a renowned group of scholars, the Handbook constitutes a landmark study in the field."--Provided by publisher.

1. Unionism and nationalism : the historical context of contemporary Scottish politics / Ewen Cameron -- 2. How Scotland votes : elections and electoral behaviour in Scotland / Craig McAngus -- 3. The quality of Scottish democracy / Thomas Lundberg -- 4. Political parties in Scotland / Duncan McTavish -- 5. Corks on a beach? : finding a hard budget constraint for Scottish government / Paul Hallwood and Ronald MacDonald -- 6. Scottish local government : past, present and futures / Colin Mair -- 7. Civil service and the machinery of government / Richard Parry -- 8. Social policy in a devolved Scotland : different, fairer? / Kirstein Rummery -- 9. Gender and equality in Scotland : mind the gap / Gillian Fyfe and Karen Jonhston -- 10. Scotland and the world / Michael Keating -- 11. A small country in a bigger country or a small country in a big world? / Richard Kerley -- 12. The future of Scottish government and public policy : a distinctive Scottish style / Paul Cairney -- 13. Scotland and British constitutional reform / Matt Qvortrup -- 14. The media and politics in Scotland / David Hutchison.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyrights -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- List of Illustrations -- Introduction, Kees van Dijk and Nico J.G. Kaptein -- Part I. ISLAMIC POLITICAL PARTIES AND SOCIO-RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS, Kees van Dijk -- 1. A Study of the Internal Dynamics of the Prosperous Justice Party and Jamaah Tarbiyah, Ahmad-Norma Permata -- 2. The Mosque as a Religious Sphere, Syaifudin Zuhri -- 3. Enforcing Religious Freedom in Indonesia, Bastiaan Scherpen -- Part 2. SHARIA-BASED LEGISLATION AND THE LEGAL POSITION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN, Kees van Dijk -- 4. Sharia-Based Laws, Euis Nurlaelawati -- 5. The Islamic Court of Bulukumba and Women's Access to Divorce and Post-Divorce Rights, Stijn Cornelis van Huis -- 6. Women in Local Politics, Muhammad Latif Fauzi -- Part 3. SHARIA AND COUNTERCULTURE IN ACEH, Kees van Dijk -- 7. Neo-Sufism, Shariatism, and Ulama Politics, Moch Nur Ichwan -- 8. Cultural Resistance to Shariatism in Aceh, Reza Idria -- 9. Images of Violence and Piety in Aceh, David Kloos -- Bibliography -- Glossary -- About the Authors -- Index.

1. Group mobilization from the economy, society, and government / Matt Grossmann -- 2. How membership associations change the balance of representation in Washington (and how they don't) / Kay Lehman Schlozman and Philip Edward Jones -- 3. Grassroots mobilization and outside lobbying / Edward Walker -- 4. The paradoxes of inequality and interest group representation / Dara Z. Strolovitch -- 5. Political parties and ideology : interest groups in context / Hans Noel -- 6. Why lobbyists for competing interests often cooperate / Thomas T. Holyoke -- 7. How will the internet change American interest groups? / David Karpf -- 8. Attack of the super PACs? Interest groups in the 2012 elections / Michael Franz -- 9. When does money buy votes? Campaign contributions and policymaking / Christopher Witko -- 10. Understanding the influence of lobbying in the U.S. Congress : preferences, networks, money, and bills / Holly Brasher and Jason Britt -- 11. Interest groups, the White House, and the administration / Heath Brown -- 12. Interest groups in the judicial arena / Paul M. Collins, Jr. -- 13. Evaluating reforms of lobbying and money in politics / Lee Drutman -- 14. Conclusion / Matt Grossmann.

This book argues that it can be beneficial for the United States to talk with 'evil' - terrorists and other bad actors - if it engages a mediator who shares the United States' principles yet is pragmatic. It shows how the US can make better foreign policy decisions and demonstrate its integrity for promoting democracy and human rights, by employing a mediator who facilitates disputes between international actors by moving them along a continuum of principles, as political parties act for a country's citizens. This is the first book to integrate theories of rule of law development with conflict resolution methods, and it examines ongoing disputes in the Middle East, North Korea, South America and Africa. It draws on the author's experiences with The Carter Center and judicial and legal advocacy training to provide a sophisticated understanding of the current situation in these countries and of how a strategy of principled pragmatism will give better direction to US foreign policy abroad

Although inequality in Latin America ranks among the worst in the world, it has notably declined over the last decade, offset by improvements in health care and education, enhanced programs for social assistance, and increases in the minimum wage. In Democracy and the Left, Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens argue that the resurgence of democracy in Latin America is key to this change. In addition to directly affecting public policy, democratic institutions enable left-leaning political parties to emerge, significantly influencing the allocation of social spending on poverty and inequality. But while democracy is an important determinant of redistributive change, it is by no means the only factor. Drawing on a wealth of data, Huber and Stephens present quantitative analyses of eighteen countries and comparative historical analyses of the five most advanced social policy regimes in Latin America, showing how international power structures have influenced the direction of their social policy. They augment these analyses by comparing them to the development of social policy in democratic Portugal and Spain.

A survey of network formation models : stability and efficiency / Matthew O. Jackson -- Models of network formation in cooperative games / Anne van den Nouweland -- Farsighted stability in network formation / Frank H. Page, Jr., and Samir Kamat -- Learning in networks / Sanjeev Goyal -- Group formation : the interaction of increasing returns and preferences diversity / Gabrielle Demange -- Games and economies with near exhaustion of gains to scale / Alexander Kovalenkov and Myrna Wooders -- Coalitions and clubs : tiebout equilibrium in large economies / John Conley and Stefani Smith -- Secession-proof cost allocations and stable group structures in models of horizontal differentiation / Michel Le Breton and Shlomo Weber -- Political parties and coalition formation / Amrita Dhillon -- Power in the design of constitutional rules / Mika Widgrén -- Group and network formation in industrial organization : a survey / Francis Block -- Institution design for managing global commons : lessons from coalition theory / Carlo Carraro -- Inequality and growth clubs / Fernando Jaramillo, Hubert Kempf, and Fabien Moizeau -- Informal insurance, enforcement constraints, and group formation / Garance Genicot and Debraj Ray -- Spontaneous market emergence and social networks / Marcel Fafchamps.

Agenda. - (6 S.).; Wehmhoerner, Arnold: Welcome address. - (9 S.).; Dias, Maximo: O papel dos partidos politicos. - 8 S.; Dias, Maximo: The role of political parties. (Unofficial translation). - 7 S.; Friedman, Steven: From freedom fighters to the seats of power. - 16 S.; Kauluma, Peter: The role of traditional leaders. - 5 S.; Lundin, Irae Baptista: The role of traditional leaders. - 19 S.; Lungu, Edgar Chagwa: The judiciary: fearless and independent?; Makumbe, John Mw: From freedom fighters to the seats of power: the case of Zimbabwe. - 19 S.; Manyarara, John Oliver: The judiciary: fearless and independent?; Mayani, Morgan: The media in a democratic society: the Malawi case. - 5 S.; M'Membe, Fred: The media in a democratic society. - 5 S.; Mogotsi, Vance: Is the centre willing to share power? - 11 S.; Mulato, Ernesto: Building democracy at grassroot levels. (Unofficial translation). - 3 S.; Munyenyembe, R. T. C.: The parliament: making democracy work. - 14 S.; Rukoro, R. V.: The judiciary: fearless and independent? 8 S

How does manipulation of primary elections affect the selection of women candidates for parliament? The underrepresentation of women in politics is a well-researched global phenomenon. However, as most work focuses on general elections, we overlook the disadvantages that women face
in the selection process. Specifically, primary elections often provide ample room for manipulation. We argue that manipulation skews electoral contests in favor of candidates with material and inter-personal resources, who are more likely to be men. We collect unique data via on-the-ground
observation of 119 primary election rounds (featuring 316 aspirants) in Malawi's 2019 parliamentary election and interview candidates to shed light on hitherto uninvestigated internal party primaries. We show that while women running in free and fair primaries were more likely to win
nominations than men, their chances were substantially reduced where primaries were flawed. The quantitative findings are corroborated by qualitative accounts of the gendered effect of primary-day manipulation in party primaries. The results have implications for debates on descriptive representation,
electoral integrity, and political parties.

Abstract
When the analytical lens of intersectionality was first applied to descriptive representation, it documented the increased level of disadvantage for those belonging to more than one underrepresented group. Although ethnic minority women have been slow to benefit from drives to boost ethnic minority or women's representation, increasingly, political parties seeking to diversify see them as "ticking two boxes," resulting in a new positive story of relative representational success in many countries and legislatures. However, we argue that the two narratives coexist: intersectional group membership mars the experience of ethnic minority women politicians despite their increased electoral success. Conceptualizing intersectional disadvantage beyond examining differential outcomes, we focus instead on how the mechanisms leading to those outcomes are experienced by ethnic minority women local councillors, from their selection to their working conditions and extra representative burdens. Using 85 interviews with ethnic minority women and men UK local councillors, we demonstrate how gender and racial inequalities leave ethnic minority women fighting two (or more) battles.

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between the activities of civil society organizations (CSOs) on migration and refugee issues with state-making processes and discourses in South Africa, based upon key informant interviews, discourse analysis, and ethnographic research. It argues that this relationship brings attention to the defining and reinforcement of national borders set against the backdrop of the 'corporate pact' between the South African government and CSOs that has necessitated public participation in social movements and voluntary associations involved in a range of different xenophobic activities that are legitimized by political parties seeking popularity, and the state. Financial resources operate as 'material disciplines' by influencing the kind of problems that are visible, and, in turn, categories that non-state actors like philanthropies, charities, and donors consider worthy of protection. Those affected by shifting categories and their influence on NGO support like Zimbabweans have taken matters into their own hands to counter this novel border from below.

Abstract
The article underscores the conceptual nexus of diaspora and soft power. It analyses US soft power, its main operating mechanisms and tools, and the role of diaspora groups in the transfer of American values, using Armenia and the Armenian-American diaspora community as a case study. The paper argues that ethnic diaspora groups are increasingly important actors of soft power. Along with protecting and promoting the national interests of their country of origin, ethnic diaspora groups play a unique role in promoting the host country's soft power by establishing links and enhancing mutual understanding between both societies and states and providing the transfer and network for the host country's values and ideals abroad. The article highlights the role of the Armenian diaspora political parties, the Armenian-American sociopolitical and lobbying organisations, and the activities of prominent Armenian Americans and their charitable foundations in the spread of American values and ideals, and the advancement of American soft power in Armenia.

Abstract
American federalism in 2022–2023 saw a continued escalation of the culture wars, with persistent battles fought between the heavily polarized political parties, different levels of government (including federal versus state governments and state versus local governments), and between states and private business. Policy conflicts have centered on a variety of issues related to reproductive rights, K-12 education, and gun policy, among others. This overview of American federalism during the last year proceeds by first considering major policy activity in Congress, much of which holds significant implications for federalism. Next, we discuss the 2022 midterm elections and the dynamics that largely prevented what many expected to be a "red wave". We then move to discuss significant policy shifts in the areas of civil rights and liberties, environmental policy, and labor, with an emphasis on state policymaking and court decisions. A central theme has been the intensification of cultural disputes as a policymaking focus, particularly at the state level.

The question of who is appointed to key administrative posts at the expense of whom lies at the heart of public administration research. In this paper, I study what career experiences have increased senior civil servants' chances of being appointed to a secretary general position. The civil service politicization and core executive literatures suggest such appointments are impacted by loyalty, ability, and proximity to power. These hypotheses are investigated using a mixed methods research design combining quantitative analysis of the career paths of all active senior civil servants in the years 2000–2020 ( n = 247) with 22 elite interviews with cabinet ministers and bureaucrats in the Netherlands. The main findings of this paper are that active affiliation with minister-delivering political parties and having worked in the prime minister's office significantly increased the odds of a candidate's appointment to an SG position, whereas managerial experience did not. These findings challenge the conventional theory of nonpoliticized appointments and unlock possibilities for comparative research on bureaucrats' biographies.