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The 2019 Capstone Scholars analyzed emergency items presented by Governor Greg Abbott at the start of the 86th legislative session. These emergency items include school finance reform and pay raises for teachers, property tax reform, mental health reform, school safety, and disaster relief. These emergency items are considered the most important to the legislature and to the state and are required to be addressed in the legislative session. Some of these emergency items are more controversial than others—disaster relief legislation followed a politically-smooth process while school finance and property tax reform remained in the spotlight throughout the session.

AbstractThis article studies the relation between self‐serving elite behaviour and citizen political participation. It uses a fixed effects approach to analyse the association between portfolio investment in tax havens and voter turnout, using data from 213 parliamentary elections in 65 countries for the period 1998–2014. For well‐functioning democracies a positive relation between the use of tax havens and voter turnout is found, suggesting that self‐serving elite behaviour is associated with citizen political mobilisation rather than voter apathy. The estimated relationship is stronger in the period after the 2008 economic crisis, when elite behaviour was a particularly salient issue.

AbstractThis article examines, using a behavioural microsimulation model for New Zealand, the impact of the major package of welfare reforms collectively referred to as 'Working for Families' (WfF). These reforms were announced in May 2004 and involved a phased introduction of changes, with annual modifications from October 2004 until April 2007. Concentrating on welfare payments for families with dependent children, this remains a cornerstone of the New Zealand welfare system. The simulation takes a backward‐looking perspective, by comparing labour supply under the 2008 database and tax structure with that obtained using the 2008 data and 2004 tax structure (suitably adjusted for inflation).

The problem of payment of insurance contributions to non-budgetary funds of Russia is considered in the work. As you know, these funds do not receive substantial amounts due to concealment and reduction of the taxable base. Administration of collection of payments is handled by the Federal Tax Service and the Social Insurance Fund. In order to increase revenues to off-budget funds and to combat illegal phenomena in the labour market, criminal liability was introduced to reduce the tax base. The article shows that the increase in the collection of payments will not occur due to the complexity of identifying such violations.

We investigate how lump-sum equalization transfers affect expenditures and taxes in the municipalities of the largest German state North Rhine-Westphalia. In general, those general-purpose transfers cannot be treated as exogenous variables. Thus, for the identification of causal effects, two exogenous adjustments in the transfer allocation formula are used as instrumental variables. Findings suggest the existence of the "flypaper effect" - municipalities use transfers to increase expenditures but do not reduce tax rates. Extra money from transfers is mainly used to finance social expenditures and public facilities. A set of robustness checks, including a spatial dependence model, confirm the results.

We characterise optimal tax policies when the government has access to consumption taxation and cannot credibly commit to future policies. We consider a neoclassical economy where factor income taxation is distortionary within the period, due to endogenous labour and capital utilisation and non-tax-deductibility of depreciation. Contrary to the case where only labour and capital income are taxed, the optimal time-consistent policies with consumption taxation are remarkably similar to their Ramsey counterparts. The welfare gains from commitment are negligible, while they are substantial without consumption taxation. Further, the welfare gains from taxing consumption are much higher without commitment.

We investigate how lump-sum equalization transfers affect expenditures and taxes in the municipalities of the largest German state North Rhine-Westphalia. In general, those general-purpose transfers cannot be treated as exogenous variables. Thus, for the identification of causal effects, two exogenous adjustments in the transfer allocation formula are used as instrumental variables. Findings suggest the existence of the "flypaper effect" – municipalities use transfers to increase expenditures but do not reduce tax rates. Extra money from transfers is mainly used to finance social expenditures and public facilities. A set of robustness checks, including a spatial dependence model, confirm the results.

Annotation. Researched fiscal component of state regulation in forestry. The main problems of the taxation of forestry and justifies the use of a new tax reform in the forestry sector, which gives the possibility of obtaining income from the exploitation of forest resources by local budgets. The role of further development of the mechanism of fiscal legislation forestry for promoting the development of the regulations concerning fees for special use of forest resources, differentiation rental fee for their use and mechanism of levying appropriate charges based on the objective performance ratings lsaresources potential .Keywords: forestry, fiscal mechanism laressa rents, tax base, and the sustainability.

трансфертное ценообразование является эффективным инструментом повышения конкурентоспособности вертикально-интегрированных компаний и глобальных цепочек стоимости. В данной статье рассмотрены преимущества и недостатки регулирования трансфертного ценообразования в России ; приведены примеры ; из которых следует ; что налоговые органы не заинтересованы в содействии компаниям. Приведены некоторые методы по усовершенствованию налогового законодательства. ; transfer pricing is an effective way to rise a competitiveness of vertical integrated companies and global value chains. This article considers advantages and shortcomings in the regulation of transfer pricing in Russia ; describes examples ; which show that tax authorities are not interested in cooperation with companies. There are some methods for improving tax legislation.

AbstractThis article provides an introductory review of the alternative possible income distributions that can be used when making cross‐sectional evaluations of inequality changes and the effects of taxes and transfers using a household economic survey. It attempts to clarify the various alternatives for users of data and those interpreting results. It focuses on the choice of income unit and the need to avoid spurious comparisons. The use of adult equivalence scales and the application of an explicit sharing rule are considered, as are comparisons over time where the tax structure and populations differ. Numerical examples highlight the alternative approaches and distributions.

This article empirically tests the impact of failing to account for state-level authorization when explaining the factors that lead municipalities to use tax abatements, tax increment financing, and enterprise zones. Although existing research implicitly assumes that state-level authorization exists, this article demonstrates that this unfounded assumption leads to biased estimates using the 1999, 2004, and 2009 International City/County Management Association (ICMA) Economic Development Survey data on a nationwide set of municipalities. This article refines what is known about the factors, leading to the usage of these three policies before offering implications for practitioners and researchers of local economic development.

We use Census and National Household Survey data to generate estimates of the private rate of return to a Canadian bachelor's degree that allow for differences in earnings determination, taxes, and tuition by birth cohort. Log-earnings equation estimates that allow for cohort effects suggest that earnings equations have shifted significantly across cohorts in ways that have increased the returns to education. These effects dominate the effect of changes to taxes and tuition across the 1927–1981 birth cohorts examined. The results suggest that rate-of-return estimates based on a single cross-sectional data set underestimate the rates of return of recent cohorts.

To decentralize Japan's fiscal system, the Trinity Reform, which was implemented from 2003 to 2007, reformed (i) the transference of tax revenue sources from the central to local governments, (ii) local allocation tax, and (iii) national subsidies and grants. This study drew on the multiple streams framework in public policy—including problem, policy, and politics—to understand the financial change process in intergovernmental relationships and the successes of Prime Minister Koizumi as a policy entrepreneur in breaking the iron triangle of the Liberal Democratic Party politicians, ministry bureaucrats, and local governments to administer the fiscal decentralization and local autonomy reform.

This paper shows that the public provision of private goods may be justified on pure efficiency grounds in an environment where individuals have relative consumption concerns. By providing private goods, governments directly intervene in the consumption structure, and thereby have an instrument to correct for the excessive consumption of positional goods. We identify sufficient conditions when the public provision of private goods is always Pareto-improving, even when (linear) consumption taxes are available. In fact, with the public provision of private goods, there are cases where first-best allocations can be achieved, and a luxury tax on the positional good is redundant.

This paper asks whether there are welfare gains from additional redistribution. First, it derives a sufficient condition for the existence of welfare gains from a small increase in lump-sum transfers financed by a uniform increase in labor income taxes. A calibration suggests that, even under very conservative assumptions, most countries would benefit from such a scheme. Second, it asks whether, given existing tax revenues, there are gains from diverting public funds from government investment projects toward redistributive programs. The analysis suggests that the answer is highly sensitive to parameter values and the rate of return on government investment.