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The contrast between the two cases is well known: China's economic reforms were stunningly successful whereas those of Gorbachev failed. Moreover, his political reforms set in motion forces that he could not control, eventually bringing about the unintended end to communist rule and the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Why this difference? Numerous variables are at issue. This paper focuses on the policies, strategies, and values of reformers and on opportunities to carry out economic reforms, which favored China but not the SU.

The global financial and economic crisis has reinforced the need for a broader regulatory and policy approach to responsible investment. This article looks at the interplay between pension policy and responsible investment practices which, it is argued, has been made more complicated and uncertain as a result of the crisis. The article looks first at the impact of the crisis on pension funds, the regulatory measures taken by regulators in reaction and the changing political economy of reform across Europe as a result of the crisis. From there the article outlines the broad features of a trade union perspective on pension fund responsible investment — known as workers' capital strategies — and focuses on the post-crisis regulatory discussion in Europe on corporate governance and shareholder activism. The article concludes on the need for a comprehensive approach to responsible investment including by making the link with benefit security and solvency regulations.

Energy union and climate stands as one of the priorities of the European commission, aiming at the provision of secure, environmentally friendly and affordable energy. European energy policy over the last two decades have reshaped energy markets challenging the profitability and viability of energy companies. The latter must prove flexible in their management, including diversification of their portfolio, proceeding on structural unbundling and extending their operations in new markets and regions. Scope of the paper is to assess the financial and liquidity performances of key European energy companies over the period 2008-2017. The focus of the analysis concerns liquidity, profitability, operational performance and capital structure. The analysis is carried out in key energy companies, selected to have an extended geographical representation. Results indicate that gas and oil companies have less risk compared to power companies, attributed mainly to debt exposure. The renewable sector, although underrepresented in the examined sample, implies potential for high profitability. The profitability of power companies is affected by the ownership of assets with low operating costs and by diversification of operations, including regulated network operations. Eastern European power companies are favored by the derogation of EU regulation, though provision of free emission allowances.

The article deals with the current tendencies in the quality management of university education in the context of modern European practices. The evolution of the quality management system development in the European Union and the modern approaches to the quality problem of university education have been traced. The main tendencies in the development of the quality management system of university education in Ukraine have been determined, both at the state level and at the level of a separate institution of higher education. The expediency of implementing the best European practices for maintaining university education quality in Ukraine has been proved. ; У статті висвітлено сучасні тенденції менеджменту якості університетської освіти в контексті сучасних європейських практик. Простежено еволюцію розвитку системи менеджменту якості в Європейському Союзі. Представлено сучасний науковий дискурс щодо проблеми менеджменту якості університетської освіти в європейському науковому просторі та в Україні, зокрема відмінності в дефініційному аналізі та концептуальних положеннях.Зазначено особливості та відмінності зовнішнього та внутрішнього оцінювання в системах забезпечення якості університетської освіти, наголошено на необхідності балансу між цими процесами та пошуку оптимальних методів оцінювання. Окреслено основні тенденції розвитку системи менеджменту якості університетської освіти в Україні, зокрема, розробку та запровадження правових механізмів, постійно діючого моніторингу якості вищої освіти з урахуванням світового, європейського та національного досвіду, удосконалення рейтингової системи оцінювання результатів діяльності закладів вищої освіти як інструментів управління якістю вищої освіти. Представлено систему менеджменту якості університетської освіти, як на державному рівні, так і на рівні окремого закладу вищої освіти. Доведено доцільність втілення кращих європейських практик із збереження якості університетської освіти в Україні.

The exit of Great Britain from the European Union, "Brexit", respectively "British exit", has become one of the most important processes that trouble and concern the European world and not only. The impact of Brexit on British-European relations is considerable. Withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Community. were argued by a series of arguments that can be grouped according to three major considerations: economic, political and security. Analyzing Brexit, it can be seen that the separation of the United Kingdom from the European Union is a phenomenon that can only bring disadvantages to both parties, as well as European security. Regarding the security of the two entities, Brexit is considered as a risk, but also an opportunity for Great Britain, as well as for the states of the European Union. This article aims to highlight the main consequences of Brexit on British-European relations, including the British Overseas Territories.