Suchergebnisse

'Fish-canning industries are closely-linked to, and have an impact on environmental conditions, bringing great challenges to optimality. While entrepreneurship perspectives focus on the survival and profitability of firms, social utility perspectives focus on collective welfare and long-term sustainability. This paper illustrates the theoretical puzzle of the fish-canning industry in examining the historical experience of Portuguese public policies from the point of view of industrial economics and collective welfare.' (author's abstract)|

AbstractEnvironmental variability can substantially influence renewable resource growth, and as the ability to forecast environmental conditions improves, opportunities for adaptive management emerge. Using a stochastic stock‐recruitment model, Costello, et al. show the optimal management response to a prediction of favourable growth conditions is to reduce current harvests. We find this result may be reversed when environmental variability and stock are substitutes in growth, a possibility that has been ignored by resource economists. As an example, we analyze the South Carolina white shrimp fishery, finding the optimal response to a prediction of favourable overwinter conditions is to increase fall harvests.

"This book is an ethical critique of existing approaches to sustainable development and international environmental co-operation as a result of the existing attempt to contain the demands for global environmental justice within institutional boundaries."

The Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2011: Development Challenges in a Post-crisis World (ABCDE) presents papers from a global gathering of the world's leading development scholars and practitioners held May 31 - June 2, 2010. Paper themes include: Environmental Commons and the Green Economy, Post-crisis Development Strategy, the Political Economy of Fragile States, Measuring Welfare, and Social Programs and Transfers.Keynote addresses:Elinor Ostrom: Overcoming the Samaritan's Dlimemma in Development Aid --Torsten Persson: Weak States, Strong States, and Development --Joseph Stiglitz: Learning, Growth, and Development --Partha Dasgupta: Poverty Traps --.

Malthus and Marx held that population was controlled by economics. Malthus believed there were environmental constraints on the supportable population; Marx felt that human ingenuity would overcome all limits to growth. Neither had supporting data. The US Census reveals an intermediate position in which the supportable limit increases exponentially (faster than Malthus expected) but at 1/4 the rate of unfettered human reproduction (slower than Marx expected). Its rate offers an independent estimate of effective economic growth. A brief and sharp-cornered excursion from the resulting theoretical line forms a nearly perfect Gaussian dip, with the Depression on the down side and the Baby Boom on the other. A related analysis shows that the world population is well fitted by a 'Pimentel logistic' stabilizing at 2-3 billion after an 'oil-supported' Gaussian bulge. This approach explains the Doomsday hyperbola, and also what allows us to avoid its singularity.

John M. Legge explores the ways that the real world diverges from economics textbooks. He argues that mainstream economic theory took a disastrous turn by trying to use calculus to explain human behavior. A real economy involves constant change and people who are not variables in equations. Legge places the economy within society, explaining that every economic decision has a social and environmental impact

Despite growing attention by researchers and policy makers on the economic value of cultural heritage sites, debate surrounds the use of adequate methods. Although choice modeling techniques have been applied widely in the environmental economics field, their application in tourism and cultural economics has been much more limited. This paper contributes to the knowledge on the economic valuation of cultural heritage sites through a national choice modeling study of Old Parliament House, Australia. The study sought to value marginal changes in several attributes of this site and revealed that only some of them are valued positively: extending the period of temporary exhibitions, hosting various events, and having 'shop and café' and 'fine dining'. Advantages of using a mixed logit model are provided and managerial and policy implications are discussed.

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I -- Introduction and Background -- Chapter-1 -- Wastewater: Economic Asset in an Urbanizing World -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Changing Demographics and Resource Flows -- 1.3 Recovering Costs -- 1.4 From Cost Recovery to a Viable Business -- 1.5 Economic Asset in an Urbanizing World -- References -- Chapter-2 -- Global Wastewater and Sludge Production, Treatment and Use -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Typology of Reuse and Definitions -- 2.2.1 Types of Wastewater, Treatment and Uses -- 2.2.2 Types of Sludge, Treatment and Uses -- 2.2.3 Reuse Types and Patterns -- 2.3 Wastewater and Sludge Production and Treatment -- 2.3.1 Wastewater -- 2.3.2 Sludge -- 2.4 Potential for Resource Recovery and Reuse -- 2.5 Actual Use of Wastewater and Sludge -- 2.5.1 Wastewater -- 2.5.2 Sludge -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter-3 -- Health Risks and Cost-Effective Health Risk Management in Wastewater Use Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Water Quality Guidelines Vary with Wastewater Use -- 3.3 Options for Cost-Effective Risk Management -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter-4 -- Environmental Risks and Cost-Effective Risk Management in Wastewater Use Systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Environmental Risks Stemming from Wastewater -- 4.2.1 Toxic Metals and Metalloids -- 4.2.2 Excess Nutrients -- 4.2.3 Salts and Specific Ionic Species -- 4.2.4 Micro-Pollutants -- 4.3 Environmental Risk Management -- 4.3.1 Wastewater Treatment Systems and Technologies -- 4.3.2 On-Farm Wastewater Treatment Options -- 4.3.3 Farm-Based Measures While Irrigating with Untreated Wastewater -- 4.3.3.1 Toxic Metals and Metalloids -- 4.3.3.2 Excess Nutrients -- 4.3.3.3 Salts and Specific Ionic Species -- 4.3.3.4 Micro-Pollutants -- 4.3.3.5 Trade-Offs -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part II.

National economic development is subject to a number of restrictions. One of the main con­straints is the threat of complete exhaustion of non-renewable resources and environmen­tal pollution exceeding the capacity of the planet. However, the rapid spread of resource-saving technologies is reducing the environmental intensity of economic activities. In this study, I aim to examine the ecological-economic dynamics of the environmental effects of economic development in the regions of Russia's North-Western Federal District (NWFD). I employ an extended version of Peter A. Victor's model to produce a comprehensive evalua­tion of chang­es in economic indicators and correlate them with the total and specific environmental im­pact. Iconduct a factor analysis to identify the main effects influencing theecologica-eco­nomic dynamics. The use of water resources in the NWFD demonstrates green growth, whereas electricity consumption and wastewater treatment fall into the brown zone and in­dustrial and municipal waste treatment into the black one. The factor analysis has shown that population change has a very weak effect on the situation. Much more influential factors are the income effect (higher incomes translate into greater consumption and thus more signifi­cant pollution levels) and the technological effect produced by a decrease in the environmen­tal intensity of production. To promote green development, it is advisable to in­crease the in­fluence of the technological effect by stimulating resource efficiency and switch­ing to the cir­cular economy model.

What is the unit of analysis in economics? The prevailing orthodoxy in mainstream economic theory is that the individual is the 'ultimate' unit of analysis. The implicit goal of mainstream economics is to root macro-level social structure in the micro-level actions of individuals. But there is a simple problem with this approach: our knowledge of human behavior is hopelessly inadequate for the task at hand. Faced with real-world complexities, economists are forced to make bold (and seldom tested) assumptions about human behavior in order to make models tractable. The result is theory that has little to do with the real world. This dissertation investigates an alternative approach to economics that I call 'economics from the top down'. This approach begins with the following question: what happens when we take the analytical focus off individuals and put it into social hierarchy? The effect of this analytical shift is that we are forced to deal with the realities of concentrated power. The focus on hierarchy leads to some surprising discoveries. First, I find evidence that hierarchical organization has a biophysical basis. I show that institution size (firms and governments) is strongly correlated with rates of energy consumption, and that the growth of institutions can be interpreted as the growth of social hierarchy. Second, I find that hierarchy plays an important role in shaping income and income distribution. I find that income scales strongly with hierarchical power (defined as the number of subordinates under one's control), and that hierarchical power affects income more strongly than any other factor measured. Lastly, using an empirically informed model of the hierarchical structure of US firms, I find that hierarchy plays a dominant role in shaping the income distribution tail. These results hint that hierarchy can be used to unify the study of economic growth (understood in biophysical terms) and income distribution. I conclude by making the first prediction of how the concentration of hierarchical power should relate to the growth of energy consumption. This prediction sheds new light on the origin of inequality. While this 'top down' approach to economics is in its infancy, the results are encouraging. Focusing on hierarchy gives fresh insight into many of the important questions facing society-insight that cannot be obtained by focusing on individuals. ; Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Graduate Program in Environmental Studies, York University, Toronto, 2018

"This book provides the latest empirical research findings on how sustainable development can work not just for organizations, but for the global economy as a whole, covering various fields, including economics, finance, and marketing; operations management; communication sciences; sociology; and information technology"--Provided by publisher.