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Europe - Space for Transcultural Existence? is the first volume of the new series, Studies in Euroculture, published by Göttingen University Press. The series derives its name from the Erasmus Mundus Master of Excellence Euroculture: Europe in the Wider World, a two year programme offered by a consortium of eight European universities in collaboration with four partner universities outside Europe. This master highlights regional, national and supranational dimensions of the European democratic development; mobility, migration and inter-, multi- and transculturality. The impact of culture is understood as an element of political and social development within Europe. The articles published here explore the field of Euroculture in its different elements: it includes topics such as cosmopolitanism, cultural memory and traumatic past(s), colonial heritage, democratization and Europeanization as well as the concept of (European) identity in various disciplinary contexts such as law and the social sciences. In which way have Europeanization and Globalization influenced life in Europe more specifically? To what extent have people in Europe turned 'transcultural'? The 'trans' is understood as indicator of an overlapping mix of cultures that does not allow for the construction of sharp differentiations. It is explored in topics such as (im)migration and integration, as well as cultural products and lifestyle. The present economic crisis and debt crisis have led, as side-result, to a public attack on the open, cosmopolitan outlook of Europe. The values of the multicultural and civil society and the idea of a people's Europe have become debatable. This volume offers food for thought and critical reflection.

Williams, S.: Britain in the European Union: A way forward. S. 5-22. MacShane, D.: Europe's next challenge to British Politics. S. 23-35. Denman, R.: Missed chances: Britain and Europe in the Twentieth Century. S. 36-45. Wallace, H.: Britain out on a limb? S. 46-59. Westlake, M.: The European Parliament, the national parliaments and the 1996 Intergovernmental Conference. S. 59-73. Taylor, K.: European Union: The challenge for local and regional government. S. 74-83

Queer in Europe takes stock of the intellectual and social status and treatment of queer in the New Europe of the twenty-first century, addressing the ways in which the Anglo-American term and concept 'queer' is adapted in different national contexts. Bringing together contributions by carefully chosen relevant experts, this book explores key aspects of queer in a range of European countries. The first volume in English devoted to the exploration of queer in Europe, this book makes an important intervention in contemporary queer studies.

A review essay on books edited by (1) Barbara Roberson, The Middle East and Europe: The Power Deficit (London: Routledge, 1998); (2) Sven Behrendt & Christian-Peter Hanelt, Bound to Cooperate -- Europe and the Middle East (Gutersloh: Bertelsmann Foundation, 2001); (3) George Joffe, Perspectives on Development: The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (London & Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1999); & (4) Hans Gunter Brauch, Antonio Marquina, & Abdulwahab Biad, Euro-Mediterranean Partnership for the 21st Century (London: Macmillan, 2000). These books clearly show the multifaceted nature of the relationship between Europe & both the Mediterranean region & the Middle East. The volume edited by Roberson offers insights into Europe's failure to resist the agenda set by the US; Middle Eastern economic integration; & Europe's relationship with specific Middle Eastern nations. The equally comprehensive, Bound to Cooperate, goes beyond the European dimension to present broad views of international relations in the Middle East. The Joffe-edited volume focuses on the consequences of liberalization in relation to the Europe-Mediterranean partnership, while the long, reader-unfriendly book edited by Brauch et al is primarily concerned with technical details of confidence-building measures while avoiding the region's serious problems. J. Lindroth

The author first lists standard theoretical arguments used in debates about parliamentarism & presidentialism & points up the ways of their contextualizations & instrumentalizations in Eastern Europe as a transitional region of unconsolidated democracies. Addressed next are approaches & difficulties in the classification of empirical constitutional systems in Eastern Europe. The conclusion highlights several sources of real & potential institutional & political conflicts that are caused by certain constitutional designs in some countries. 1 Table, 35 References. Adapted from the source document.

<i>Background and Aims:</i> Over the last decades, Europe has experienced dramatic changes in the geographical variation of liver cirrhosis rates. We attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of patterns and trends in liver cirrhosis mortality in European countries and regions. <i>Methods:</i> Age-standardized (world standard) liver cirrhosis mortality rates per 100,000 person-years at ages 20–64 for 35 separate countries were computed using the World Health Organization Mortality Database. <i>Results:</i> In the analyzed period (1959–2002), a very strong East-to-West gradient in mortality rates was observed. An increase of the burden of mortality due to liver cirrhosis appeared in Eastern Europe in two specific areas: South-eastern Europe and North-eastern Europe. In the first group of countries, liver cirrhosis mortality was 10–20 times higher than in most other European states, levels never before observed in Europe. In the countries of North-eastern Europe (former Soviet Union countries) liver cirrhosis mortality was characterized by dramatic changes (both positive and negative) in specific periods of time. <i>Conclusions:</i> Despite the fact that the etiology of liver cirrhosis is multifactorial, it seems that alcohol drinking is the factor that best explains the observed patterns in frequency of this disease in Europe. Alcohol control policies in Central and Eastern Europe could lead to an appreciable reduction of premature mortality from liver cirrhosis.

"This book reevaluates the prevailing notion that Jews in medieval Christian Europe lived under an appalling regime of ecclesiastical limitation, governmental exploitation and expropriation, and unceasing popular violence. Robert Chazan argues that, while Jewish life in medieval Western Christendom was indeed beset with grave difficulties, it was nevertheless an environment rich in opportunities; the Jews of medieval Europe overcame obstacles, grew in number, explored innovative economic options, and fashioned enduring new forms of Jewish living. His research also provides a reconsideration of the legacy of medieval Jewish life, which is often depicted as wholly destructive and projected as the underpinning of the twentieth-century catastrophes of antisemitism and the Holocaust"--

"Known as the "beating heart" of the Arab World, Syria has held high geographic and political importance in the Middle East and has been the battlefield of superpowers for centuries. Since the outbreak of the "Arab Spring", its central role has been reinforced by its civil war, one of the longest and bloodiest conflicts since World War Two, causing significant humanitarian disaster. With American power diminishing and European power in the region emerging, Europe has begun to exert its impact on Syria and this book analyzes the diplomatic policies of European countries on Syria from the perspective of Chinese scholars. Starting with a review of the European Union's policies in the Middle East and North Africa as a whole, the authors analyze the Syrian policies of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, the three most influential and representative countries on the European continent. The authors argue that the favoured "humanitarian intervention" concept failed to achieve the expected results, increased the bloodiness of the Syrian civil war and undermined the European Union's advantage in the region. Researchers and students of international relations as well as Middle East Studies will benefit from this volume"--