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The Arendtian thought is marked by two strong theses: the idea according to which man is conditioned by the environment in which he finds himself caught and that he contributes to modifying by his words and his acts on the one hand; and on the other the idea that totalitarianism constitutes a break with the world and the political tradition, to the point of appearing as a system ontologically hostile to the human condition. But the coexistence of these two theses is not self-evident. Hannah Arendt makes political activity a mode of being specific to human existence, based on the freedom to act, to finally describe a political system where this dimension has lost all meaning. By putting these two dimensions into perspective, this thesis seeks to resolve this paradox of a political regime capable of breaking with all that constitutes political action. By proceeding with a methodological review of the Arendtian texts, from the most recent to his first works on imperialism, it shows moreover that the conception of totalitarianism as a break with the human condition goes hand in hand with another approach making totalitarianism. the continuity of processes already germinated in the colonial system. ; La pensée arendtienne est marquée par deux thèses fortes : l'idée selon laquelle l'homme est conditionné par le milieu dans lequel il se trouve pris et qu'il contribue à modifier par ses paroles et par ses actes d'une part ; et de l'autre l'idée selon laquelle le totalitarisme constitue une rupture avec le monde et la tradition politique, au point d'apparaître comme un système ontologiquement hostile à la condition humaine. Or la cohabitation de ces deux thèses ne va pas de soi. Hannah Arendt fait de l'activité politique un mode d'être spécifique de l'existence humaine, fondé sur la liberté d'agir, pour finalement nous décrire un système politique où cette dimension a perdu tout son sens. En mettant en perspective ces deux dimensions, cette thèse cherche dès lors à résoudre ce paradoxe d'un régime politique capable de ...

Die Arbeit rekonstruiert die epistemische Verschiebung von Kants transzendentaler Erkenntnis zu Hegels absolutem Wissen; erstmals im systematisch-historischen Zusammenhang der frühromantischen Texte Friedrich Schlegels.Ankerpunkt der Untersuchungen ist dabei der von Schlegel erkenntnispositiv gewendete Gebrauch dialektischer Verfahren. Mit seiner paradigmatischen Umdeutung der "Transzendentalen Dialektik" Kants werden erkenntnistheoretische Muster freigelegt, die der Einheit des Widerspruchs logischen Vorrang gewähren und den späteren Einsichten Hegels vorausgehen. Dialektik bestimmt dabei drei wesentliche Positionen im Umgang mit dem Absoluten: als transzendentale Idee bei Kant, als unendlicher Darstellungsverlauf bei Schlegel und als bewusstgewordene Einsicht in seine Selbstexplikation bei Hegel.

Ulrich Sonnemann: Der mißhandelte Rechtsstaat. Schriften, Bd. 6. Springe: zu Klampen 2020. 978-3-934920-66-8.+++Ulrich Sonnemann: Land der Sprachlosigkeit. Schriften, Bd. 7. Springe: zu Klampen 2020. 978-3-934920-67-5

The study of humanitarian intervention typically focuses on the human victims and saviours in armed conflict and natural disasters. Moreover, explanations of the virtues of humanitarian norms and ethics emphasise the importance of the university of suffering and the empathic nature of humanitarian efforts. In contrast, this article explores the neglected world of 'non-human humanitarians'. Specifically, the article outlines three cases of non-human actors that expand and complicate international humanitarian practices: dogs, drones, and diagrams. Drawing on new materialist and posthuman literatures, the article argues that non-humans possess distinct capacities that vastly expand and transform humanitarian efforts in ranging from relief, to medicine, to conflict resolution. Highlighting non-human humanitarians thus offers a new perspective on the resources available for redressing mass violence and conflict, but also complicates existing definitions of humanitarian norms. To the contrary, the article demonstrates that non-humans often maximise humanitarian services to a degree greater than their human counterparts, but have also introduced changes into humanitarian practices that have problematic unintended consequences. Non-human humanitarians reveals previously discounted participants in international politics and the key roles they play in various international interventions.

Scholars have often highlighted the legacy of Rosa Luxemburg in Hannah Arendt's thought, particularly with regard to Arendt's work about imperialism. Yet in the latter, Arendt mentions Luxemburg's work very little. My hypothesis is that one can understand Luxemburg's legacy in Arendt's "Imperialism" by reading this text in the light of Arendt's anthropological theses in "The Human Condition". I suggest that in "The Human Condition", Arendt theorized the problem of the "primitive accumulation of capital" on the basis of Luxemburg's thought, but she displaced it from an economical perspective to an anthropological and political one. On this basis, I argue that Arendt's theses about the nation-state can only be completely understood in the light of her work about the 19th century imperialism. ; On souligne souvent l'héritage de la pensée de Rosa Luxemburg dans l'oeuvre de Hannah Arendt, en particulier en ce qui concerne les thèses de cette dernière à propos de l'impérialisme. Pourtant, dans son ouvrage homonyme, Arendt ne cite et ne commente que très peu le travail de Luxemburg. Cet article vise à éclairer l'héritage luxemburgien dans "L'Impérialisme" d'Arendt à la lumière des thèses qu'Arendt avance dans "La condition de l'homme moderne". Je fais l'hypothèse qu'Arendt a théorisé le problème de "l'accumulation primitive du capital" sur base des thèses de luxemburgiennes, qu'elle a reprises dans une perspective anthropologique et politique. À partir d'une telle compréhension de la pensée arendtienne de l'impérialisme, je propose de revisiter les analyses que l'autrice a consacrées à la formation et à l'histoire des États-nations européens. ; Peer reviewed

This grounded theory study examines the motives for relationships between local churches and missionaries: What motivates churches to enter into a relationship with a missionary, to continue this relationship, and to end it? Similarly, what motivates missionaries to begin, continue, or end relationships with a local church? We used purposive stratified sampling to select 17 missionaries and church mission leaders to interview for this study. We performed semi-structured interviews with both groups to discover their understanding of why they form, maintain, and dissolve relationships with each other. Multiple motives influenced all participants. These motives can be broadly categorized as either relationship-focused motives or task-focused motives. Furthermore, the task-focused motives can either be centered on specific goals shared by churches and missionaries (e.g., starting a reproducing church among a specific people group) or on specific processes (e.g., evangelizing or feeding the poor). Although all participants had multiple motives, each participant emphasized some motives over others. The motives present in each party influence many aspects of their relationship, including their communication, financial involvement, and the purpose of the church's short-term mission trips to the missionary's setting. In contrast to social exchange theory which provides a framework to understand conditions under which a relationship will be maintained or ended, the Multiple Motive Theory of Church and Missionary Relationships goes further; it describes specific motives that exist which influence whether a relationship begins, continues, or ends.

Die Antwerpener Gemeinde des Augsburger Bekenntnisses (CA) des Jahres 1566/67 war zu dieser Zeit die größte und wichtigste Gemeinde von Anhängern der CA im niederländischen Raum und von herausragender Bedeutung für die Entwicklung des Luthertums der Niederlande insgesamt. Die Ausweisung der Gemeinde 1567 hatte zur Folge, dass ihre Anhänger auf sehr unterschiedliche Weise das Erbe der Gemeinde forttrugen und es teilweise zur Gründung von Tochtergemeinden kam. Carsten Brall untersucht, wie diese Tochtergemeinden und Verbindungen zur Antwerpener Muttergemeinde ausgesehen haben und welche weiteren Folgewirkungen der Gemeinde feststellbar sind. Er spannt einen Bogen von den Voraussetzungen bei der Gründung der Gemeinde (1566) bis zur Entstehung der Frankfurter Niederländischen Gemeinde Augsburger Confession, in der die Antwerpener Wurzeln bis auf den heutigen Tag präsent sind. Der Autor beleuchtet die Theologie in der Gemeinde und deren Fortleben in den Transformationen der Gemeinde. Es wird deutlich, dass sich gerade gnesiolutherische Theologen wie Matthias Flacius und Cyriakus Spangenberg in Antwerpen Gehör verschaffen konnten. Daneben stellt Brall die Frage nach sozialen Gegebenheiten im Kontext der Entwicklung der Gemeinde, wie auch das Problem, welche Kontakte und Kontinuitäten sich bei den Antwerpener Anhängern der CA nach der Emigration feststellen lassen.

Social philosophy takes care of three tasks: the conceptual idea about an institution, how it functions and how it accomplish. In this sense, a challenge to social philosophy, from the point of view of critical-normative research, is to think of the social institution not only as the backbone of society, but, above all, to link it with the social-ontological argument with emancipatory approach; in other words, how a social institution how to deal with its task of promoting social goods and social rights. I intend to explain the philosophical-social requirement of the social-ontological argument in the discussion of critical-normative research taking into account that, at first, the social institution is understand itself as a medium to emancipation and, secondly, this institution stem from a detranscendental reason conception and this refer to a new way to think the social philosophy inside in the historical background of ours social communities.

Rezension zu. 1) Sammy Baloji: Hunting & Collecting. Ostende: Mu.Zee & Paris: Galerie Imane Farès 2016. ISBN 978-90-74694-16-2. 2) Larissa Förster & Holger Stoecker: Haut, Haar und Knochen. Koloniale Spurensuche in naturkundlichen Sammlungen der Universität Jena. Weimar: Verlag Datenbank für Geisteswissenschaften (vdg) 2016. ISBN 978-3-89739-872-6.

This paper is qualitative and theoretical research of the concept of freedom, perceived through different epistemological traditions. The research focus is laid on the phenomenon of freedom in the frames of liberal ontological and epistemological tradition, freedom as a derivative of the individual liberty, and how the individual liberty remains a precondition for evolving freedom. The beginning is characterized as a comparison between the different freedom traditions, starting with collective freedom traditions, following individualist freedom traditions and finalizing with operationalization of individual liberty. The process of operationalization of liberty, or presenting it as an organizational and regulation principle, leads to demystification of freedom in individualistic traditions, and indicates its tight connection with individual liberty.