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We address the question of whether various types of speculative investor correctly anticipate future USD/EUR currency movements or whether they tend rather to react to past exchange rate movements. Throughout the analysis, we differentiate between large and small traders, and an upper bound of total speculation. To account for the large number of testable hypotheses, we contrast results obtained from predictive regressions based on individual significance tests with those based on either controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) or the family-wide error rate (FER). While the statistical evidence in favor of a causal relationship from speculative positions to exchange rate movements, and therefore an inefficient Euro futures market, largely collapses if we account for multiple testing, such a pattern does not emerge in the other direction. In addition, findings based on a contemporaneous analysis point to some notable differences between small and large speculators, and a non-linear relationship between USD/EUR movements and changes in the open interest position of large speculators.

Implementation of policies related to the prevention and spread of covid-19 is needed as a form of vigilance against covid-19 virus outbreaks. One area that is implementing is the city of Surabaya by implementing Perwali Number 28 of 2020 Regarding the Guidelines for the New Normal Order in the 2019 Corona Virus Diaseas Pandemic Conditions (Covid-19) in Surabaya City. In preventing the spread of Covid-19, a foundation is needed in carrying out the implementation of the Surabaya Mayor's policy. It is expected that the participation between the Government in this case the Mayor of Surabaya and the Community can be carried out properly in line with the enactment of the regulation. Concrete manifestation of the implementation of the policy is the existence of a formidable village program as one of the intermediary programs of the policy of the Mayor of Surabaya. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the New Normal Implementation in RT 04 RW 14 Kalirungkut, Surabaya City Based on Perwali Number 28 Tahun 2020. The type of research in this study is qualitative with descriptive methods. The technique of determining informants is by means of purposive sampling by collecting data information in the form of primary data and secondary data. Which is primary or direct data obtained from interviews and observations. While secondary data obtained from various references such as books and journals that support this research. The results showed that the implementation factors were communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Of the four factors, the implementation of Surabaya Mayor Regulation No. 28 has been implemented, although it has not been maximized. Resilient village program as a program of the policy is also carried out in accordance with the standard operating procedures specified in the regulation.

Sustainable finance has been one of the emerging areas of finance in the last decade. With its emphasis on any form of financial services that take environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations into account in decision-making processes, it can help to improve social well-being, preserve the ecosystems and promote sustainable economic development. Furthermore, it can contribute to economic and financial resilience, along with enabling sustainable recovery against crises arising from physical or financial shocks. The Handbook of Research on Global Aspects of Sustainable Finance in Times of Crises discusses theory and concepts, focuses on practices and strategies, addresses the recent challenges and trends, and presents future prospects regarding sustainable finance. It provides a global look at sustainable finance in a variety of contexts, along with highlighting contemporary issues in light of crises such as the climate emergency and the COVID-19 pandemic. Covering a wide range of topics such as climate finance, green finance, social finance, ESG investing and responsible banking, the book is ideal for corporate managers, portfolio managers, investors, financial analysts, researchers, academicians, students and policymakers.