Suchergebnisse

UNDP first published the Human Development Report in 1990 in collaboration with economist Mehboob Haque, who is credited as the promoter of the VKP Index. The most important aspects of the CPI index are longevity, healthy living, educational attainment and quality of life, among others. Political independence, human rights testimony and self-respect are the various elements. That is. 1) Life expectancy at birth. 2) Level of education. (Rate of adult education, rate of primary, secondary, higher education) 3) The standard of living. (Lack of per capita based on NAC) The VKP index is averaged based on the maximum and minimum values of these three elements. According to the report, India was ranked 126th in the CPI index in 2006. In 2008, Maxine Olson, India's Representative to India, and Motek Singh Ahluwalia, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, published the Human Development Report in Delhi, which ranked India 128th and 619th. Compared to 2006, India has slipped two places. The National Human Development Report is published by the Government of India with the assistance of the Planning Commission. The Human Development Report was published in 2001. The Planning Commission, while preparing the National Human Development Report, relied on new indicators different from the NPC's VP indicators.

The sharing economy is expected to contribute to the enhancement of social welfare with its wide range of benefits, including creation of new transactions and promotional and market testing opportunities, if risk factors such as crowding out of existing transactions and transaction and social risks can be properly controlled. Accordingly, an institutional framework is needed to support the stable growth of the sharing economy and the unique characteristics of non-professional, peer-to-peer transactions should be reflected in tandem with regulatory equity between existing and sharing economy suppliers. For this, transaction volume-based regulations are recommended. Furthermore, to secure regulatory effectiveness and to alleviate transaction risks, the pertinent obligations must be imposed on sharing platforms. - There is increasing demand for in-depth analysis of and policy response to the sharing economy which is growing fast on the back of technological advances. - Within the concept of the sharing economy, idle assets have great significance. The sharing economy basically involves transactions between nonprofessional peers. - Primary benefits expected from the sharing economy are creation of new transactions and resulting improvements in the welfare of sharing economy participants. - Businesses participating in the sharing economy can also expect promotional and market testing effects. - Other expected benefits include vitalization of local economy and reduction in environmental costs. - The sharing economy could crowd out some existing transactions that provide similar services. - The crowding out of existing transactions will exacerbate when regulations are applied unfairly to suppliers from existing and sharing businesses. - The sharing economy encompasses several transaction risks including information asymmetry, uncertainty in ex-post handling and weak trust in platforms. - Negative external effects could be triggered, marring social safety. - In laying the institutional framework to support the stable growth of the sharing economy, the government must consider both the economy's unique characteristics and regulatory equity. - Transaction volume-based regulations are recommended for the sharing economy. - To strengthen the effectiveness of transaction volume-based regulations, certain obligations must be imposed on platforms. - As for transaction risks, government policies need to play a supplementary role while placing its focus on sharing platforms.

Alfred Kahn was a major force behind regulatory reform that initially benefited air travelers and subsequently consumers in other industries by placing greater reliance on markets than on regulators to allocate resources. Kahn also believed that effective governance was important for deregulation's success. In this paper, I argue that such governance has not occurred in practice and that problems that persist in partially deregulated industries are more likely to be solved by full deregulation and, if necessary, privatization than by government intervention.

The images of poverty in Appalachia that John F. Kennedy used in his campaign for the presidency in 1960 shocked and disturbed many Americans. Five years later, President Lyndon Johnson and the U.S. Congress demonstrated their commitment to that neglected and exploited region with the creation of the Appalachian Regional Commission. In this insightful book, Michael Bradshaw explores the ARC's unique federal-state partnership and analyses in detail the contributions of the local development districts.But this work is more than an analysis of a government agency; it is, as Bradshaw notes, ""a bo

Rural tourism is an instance of community-based tourism that has been developed and implemented in Bali, Indonesia. The development of rural tourism is an effective option to accelerate the achievement of the welfare of local communities as it involves active participation of the community. The government has an indispensable role in issuing policies that support the development of rural tourism. This research was conducted in Baha Village, Mengwi Sub-district, Badung Regency to analyze the influence of community participation and government policy in developing rural tourism to achieve the welfare of local communities. The data in this study were collected by direct observation technique and using questionnaires to the community of Baha village as respondents and using proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis techniques applied in this research are descriptive analysis and analysis of Structural Equation Model (SEM) with alternative PLS (Partial Least Square). The results of this study indicated that community participation and government policy have a positive and significant effect on the success of rural tourism development. Furthermore, community participation, government policy and the successful of rural tourism development have a positive and significant impact on the local communities' welfare. Community participation and government policy indirectly have a positive and significant impact on the local communities welfare through the success of rural tourism development. However, community participation and government policy in the development of Baha Rural Tourism still need to be improved; hence, the achievement of the local communities welfare can be more optimal.

Biomass (in modern context, biofuels) have been the oldest source of energy and still accounts for about 10 per cent of total world energy consumption. With the steeply rising prices of fossil fuels in the last few years and the increasing concerns about environmental pollution and global warming, the search for alternative fuels is gathering speed. In this context the present paper tries to examine the issue in the context of India and its government's policies to promote biofuels. It has been a matter of concern that the overall production and consumption of biofuels in India is still very meagre. In this context we also examine the role of the central- and state-level government in promoting biodiesel and also look into the 'trade-off' aspects between food crops and these fuel crops as India can ill afford to compromise its food security.

After a prolonged period of authoritarian rule, the rebirth of democracy in Latin America has prompted a resurgent interest in civilian control of the armed forces. Few disagree that political leaders will be unable to consolidate their democratic gains without resolving 'la cuestión militar'. Given the history of military political intervention in the region, scholars have long expressed scepticism over whether governments can ever fully subject the armed forces to their political will. Recently, the terms on which power has been transferred from military to civilian hands and developments subsequent to the transfer have prompted an even greater anxiety about the future of some of these new and fragile democracies.