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Over the past few years, two main approaches have been suggested for analyzing human rights: the natural rights model and the political approach. This essay argues that neither of these accounts offers an accurate understanding of contemporary human rights and introduces an alternative model to think about them that combines elements of both views: the two-tier model. The first layer of the model reconstructs the concept of human rights as a moral category. This moral category articulates conditions that any agent wielding sovereign political authority must fulfill in order to treat human beings with the respect and concern they deserve, and postulates five abstract rights that may lead to alternative lists of concrete human rights in different social and historical settings. In contrast, the second layer of the two-tier model aims to illuminate the practice of international human rights. Although, upon this view, international human rights are grounded on the notion depicted by the first layer of the model, they constitute a historical practice that cannot be completely reduced to any prior idea. As a result of this, current human rights practice may include elements that were not already present in the concept of human rights. Thus, human rights turn out to be at the same time natural and political, conceptual and historical, moral and positive, domestic and global. ; Fil: Montero, Julio César. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones Filosóficas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Human Rights Watch schildert ausführlich die Situation von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die vor dem Krieg in Sierra Leone in das Nachbarland Guinea geflüchtet waren. Der Bericht liefert Einblicke in die Dimensionen physischer und psychischer Schädigungen, die die jungen Flüchtlinge erlitten, und richtet u.a. Empfehlungen an internationale Akteure, wie das Los der Kinder und Jugendlichen zu verbessern sei. (DÜI-Kör)

What does it mean that human rights derive from human dignity? And what is the foundation of human dignity? How are human dignity and its foundation connected? Is the recent development of natural sciences dealing with human nature, like evolutionary psychology, relevant to these questions? The book addresses these points by connecting the discussion on the foundations of human rights with the recent claims regarding human nature made in evolutionary psychology, and with contemporary analytic metaphysics, especially the relation of metaphysical grounding. It offers in-depth insights into the so-called naturalistic approach to human rights, together with detailed proposals on how the approach could be truly naturalized in the philosophical sense. It shows how human rights and human dignity may have foundations in natural facts about human nature and offers a detailed analysis of how the "is" / "ought" gap problematic can be solved. The book also addresses the objection of Western ethnocentrism – unlike most of the contemporary philosophical accounts of human rights, which draw on highly individualistic Western concepts, it employs concepts like altruism and cooperation. .

Preliminary Material /Nazila Ghanea , Alan Stephens and Raphael Walden -- Does God Believe in Human Rights? a Reflection /Malcolm D. Evans -- 1 The Complimentarity between Secular and Religious Perspectives of Human Rights /Richard Harries -- 2 Religious Truths and Human Coexistence /Roger Ruston -- 3 Religion in a Democratic Society: Safeguarding Freedom, Acknowledging Identity, Valuing Partnership /Michael Ipgrave -- 4 Conflicting Values or Misplaced Interpretations? Examining the Inevitability of a Clash between 'Religions' and 'Human Rights' /Javaid Rehman -- 5 Religion and Human Rights with Special Reference to Judaism /Norman Solomon -- 6 Religion and Human Rights: Redressing the Balance /Avrom Sherr -- 7 Human Rights and Its Destruction of Right and Wrong /Melanie Phillips -- 8 A More Constructive Encounter: a Bah' View of Religion and Human Rights /John Barnabas Leith -- 9 'Human Rights', 'Religion' and the 'Secular': Variant Configurations of Religion(s), State(s) and Society(ies) /Baul Weller -- 10 Freedom of Religion and Belief in the Light of Recent Challenges: Needs, Clashes and Solutions /Bennis De Jong -- 11 Triumphalism and Respect for Diversity /Conor Gearty -- 12 'Phobias' and 'Isms': Recognition of Difference or the Slippery Slope of Particularisms? /Nazila Ghanea -- 13 Inciting Religious Hatred: Balancing Free Speech and Religious Sensibilities in a Multi-Faith Society Peter Cumper /Nazila Ghanea , Alan Stephens and Raphael Walden -- 14 Theoretical and Institutional Framework: the Soft Spot Where Human Rights End and God Begins /Frederik Harhoff -- Contributors /Nazila Ghanea , Alan Stephens and Raphael Walden.

Describes the geographic distribution of human rights organizations, their political activities, work with international agencies, organizational structure, resources, links with other nongovernmental organizations, and human rights goals; based on a survey; US.