Suchergebnisse

To the shock of the world, the mild‐mannered Swiss have acted the most radically of any European country out of fear of Muslim immigrants by banning minarets. Was this a blow against tolerance, or for it? Is Islam a European religion, or is Europe a Christian club? Meanwhile, as Turkey becomes more confident in its regional power and Muslim identity it is shaking up some old friends.In this section, two of Europe's most prominent Muslim voices, the foreign minister of Sweden and a top Turkish official try to sort it out.

The relationship between values and political tolerance is complex and important for systematic research. Some researchers (P. Sniderman, 1988; J. F. Fletcher, 1990) have shown that attitudes supporting civil freedoms are rooted in the interaction of fundamental values. Our research in Croatia has shown that the support of civil freedoms (citizens' rights) depends upon increased political participation, and especially through the freedom value. While the Canadian research of J. Fletcher showed that the support for the powers of the state come from respect for the value of the community, our university students) expresses that support through respect for authority. That is an important difference that is discussed in greater length in the article. (SOI : PM: S. 55)

AbstractPoliticians frequently use political speech to foster hostility toward immigrants, a strategy that shapes political preferences and behavior and feeds the success of the populist right. Whether political speech can be used to foster tolerance of immigrants, however, remains unexplored. We identify three mechanisms by which political speech could increase tolerance: (1) stressing in-group conceptions that highlight commonalities with immigrants; (2) emphasizing inclusiveness as an in-group norm; and (3) providing information that counters anti-immigrant stereotypes. Using quotes from US politicians in two survey experiments, we find that pro-immigrant speech that stresses inclusive norms or counters negative stereotypes about immigrants leads to more tolerant attitudes (but not behavior) toward immigrants. These effects are small and detectable only in large samples.

Politicians frequently use political speech to foster hostility toward immigrants, a strategy that shapes political preferences and behavior and feeds the success of the populist right. Whether political speech can be used to foster tolerance of immigrants, however, remains unexplored. We identify three mechanisms by which political speech could increase tolerance: (1) stressing in-group conceptions that highlight commonalities with immigrants; (2) emphasizing inclusiveness as an in-group norm; and (3) providing information that counters anti-immigrant stereotypes. Using quotes from US politicians in two survey experiments, we find that pro-immigrant speech that stresses inclusive norms or counters negative stereotypes about immigrants leads to more tolerant attitudes (but not behavior) toward immigrants. These effects are small and detectable only in large samples.

Tolerance is a basic value of our democracies, when it applies to life attitudes and to symbolic interpretations of our experience. However, usually there is no tolerance about statements of fact offered without scientific basis or from assumptions that proved to be false. Religions have a symbolic and poetic dimension which is not only tolerable, but even also fruitful for the interpretation of our life, but they also tend to present themselves as explanations of facts in competition with scientific explanations. It can be argued whether complete tolerance of this second use of religious ideology should be encouraged. ; La tolerancia es un valor básico de nuestras democracias, en cuanto se refiere a actitudes vitales y a interpretaciones simbólicas de nuestra experiencia. No suele haber tolerancia, en cambio, sobre las cuestiones de hecho presentadas sin base científica o desde presupuestos comprobadamente falsos. Las religiones tienen una dimensión poética y simbólica no sólo tolerable sino hasta enriquecedora de nuestra interpretación vital, pero casi siempre pretenden presentarse también como explicaciones de los hechos en competencia con la de los científicos. Puede cuestionarse si debe haber plena tolerancia para este segundo uso de la ideología religiosa.

Introduction. The article is dedicated to the tolerance in interpersonal and interethnic relations on the background of the humanization of the community, search of effective methods combining individual and universal values. A pressing problem of our time is spreading of intolerance, radical attitudes in society as in Ukraine and in the world. The reasons for these trends are multifarious and complex: growing of inequalities in societies and their expressions such as unemployment and the absence of concrete life perspectives for young population, the increasing and permanent exposure to social media and life in a virtual world, the informational struggle for opinions and souls as well as the disappointments with existing democratic regimes. Purpose is to clarify the conditions for successful functioning of a tolerant outlook, realization of ideological content of humanism on the existential level, study the ability of personal restraint and prudence to maintain peace and tranquility in a global world, defining tolerance as a form of wisdom. Methods of studying а phenomenon of tolerance are the principles of Hippocrates, existential dialectic, сhristian ethics, critical rationalism, relativism and humanism. The main results of the study: the author established the varied nature of human interests and tried to resolve contradictions between them through agreement on the limits permitted (or patience) in accordance with the principles of human coexistence that everything is permissible – not prohibited, so in the statements and actions did not contain threats to health and dignity rights. The originality of the research containes in the draft ontological and epistemological justification of tolerance as a special type of meditation and spiritual life in the three realms of existence, creating logical and ethical grounds of such behaviors is fundamental objection intolerance as hopeless life and claims priority of human values as a promising commitment to integrity perfection, wisdom at all levels of human existence. The conclusions of the author are the following: allowable criteria and categorically prohibited acts are established as a result of public debate. They must determine the extent of liability for violations not only through moral condemnation, but also rightfully to deprive a person temptations of uncontrolled freedom.

These essays in political philosophy by T. M. Scanlon, written between 1969 and 1999, examine the standards by which social and political institutions should be justified and appraised. Scanlon explains how the powers of just institutions are limited by rights such as freedom of expression, and considers why these limits should be respected even when it seems that better results could be achieved by violating them. Other topics which are explored include voluntariness and consent, freedom of expression, tolerance, punishment, and human rights. The collection includes the classic essays 'Preference and Urgency', 'A Theory of Freedom of Expression', and 'Contractualism and Utilitarianism', as well as a number of other essays that have hitherto not been easily accessible. It will be essential reading for all those studying these topics from the perspective of political philosophy, politics, and law

Discusses the struggle between radical & moderate Islam in Indonesia, a country with a traditions of tolerance & religious pluralism that makes it ideal to serve as a model for the rest of the Islamic world.

Following recent acts of terrorism in many parts of the world, Islam has become an object of fear. While the threat of violence is undoubtedly an element that inspires this fear, Islam's counter-hegemonic threat is not limited to violence alone. Given its 1.2 billion following, Islam also offers a challenge to the central values that describe the dominant neo-liberal world order, particularly those values that legitimate the global political economy. Although tolerance is an important value in liberal thought, tolerance cannot be exercised where counter-hegemonic threats include challenges to the central tenets of liberalism. This article argues that the current fear of Islam is motivated by just such a challenge. By looking at four central concepts where liberal and Islamic thought diverge -- reason and revelation, private property, rights and duties, and government and state -- this article seeks to gain a more nuanced insight into current attitudes towards Islam and the fear of counter-hegemony. Adapted from the source document.

In this 2002 report, three American writers discuss the gap between the promise of tolerance and the reality in the year after 9/11.

In this 2002 report, three American writers discuss the gap between the promise of tolerance and the reality in the year after 9/11.

In this 2002 report, three American writers discuss the gap between the promise of tolerance and the reality in the year after 9/11.

Americans appear to be more tolerant of deviant opinions and life-styles now than they were a generation ago. Recent research by Sullivan and his colleagues suggests, however, that this apparent change is largely illusory – a product not of an increase in principled support for tolerance, but rather of shifts in public dislike for, and hence intolerance of, particular political groups. An alternative account of tolerance is proposed which shows that citizen attitudes on issues of tolerance are remarkably consistent – far more so than has been commonly appreciated. In particular, the empirical analysis distinguishes two kinds of consistency – 'principled' and 'situational'. Using log-linear techniques, it demonstrates that substantial numbers of the general public now support a variety of forms of tolerance consistently; and do so, not for reasons peculiar to each, but rather on principle.The broader implications of the results for the study of public opinion and democratic theory are noted.