Die Übertragungszeit, delay, von Impulsen und Signalen kann als flüchtiger Akteur einer Mediengeschichte verstanden werden. Delay-Medien wie die Sonographie, das Sonar oder Radar haben weitreichende Implikationen für aktuelle Medienkulturen. Dabei musste sich die Verdatung von Umwelten und Körpern als Funktion von Übertragungszeiten zunächst aber historisch beweisen. Christoph Borbach widmet sich in neun Fallgeschichten frühen Temporalisierungen von Räumen in Kontexten von u.a. Medizin, Post, Militär und Computertechnik. Innovativ beleuchtet er so die Medienkultur-, Wissens- und Praxisgeschichte des Akteurs Delay - von ersten Sensormedien im 19. Jahrhundert bis hin zu Infrastrukturen der Verarbeitung von Big Data in Echtzeit.
This open access book sheds light on the term gongsheng/kyōsei, which is used in Chinese and Japanese to not only translate "symbiosis" in biology but also broadly deployed in philosophical, social and political contexts. It is a cross-contextual attempt to study the foundation of gongsheng/kyōsei as a philosophy of co-becoming, with exploration of its significance for thinking about the planetary challenges of our times.
Im »pöbel« oder »pofel« erkannten die Gelehrten bereits in der Frühen Neuzeit eine große Gefahr für das Gemeinwesen: für die Ordnung des Staates, aber auch für die Konventionen der frühneuzeitlichen Gelehrtenrepublik selbst. Durch Mangel an Arbeitsfleiß und Bildungstrieb stört der Pöbel seitdem immer wieder die soziale Ordnung. Wer oder was aber ist dieser Pöbel, von dem auch die Gegenwart wieder zu berichten weiß? Wer nannte wen wann und aus welchem Grund »Pöbel«? Roman Widders Studie verbindet Sozial-, Protest- und Literaturgeschichte, um ein fundiertes historisches Verständnis des Pöbels als Verwerfung arbeitender Armut zu entwickeln. Gerade für die Dichtkunst war der Pöbel ein omnipräsentes Problem, weil sich in ihm die Prekarisierung des literarischen Lebens artikulierte. Verstanden als Sprechakt und figura - als Sozial- und Redefigur gleichermaßen - fällt die Rede vom Pöbel nämlich auf den Sprecher zurück. Die Exklusion der Ehrlosen aus dem literarischen Gewerbe zeugt deshalb keineswegs von der elitären Autonomie der Urteilenden; sie soll vielmehr den schwankenden Wert der eigenen Rede steigern und bringt so die materiellen Voraussetzungen publizistischer Rede zur Sprache. Der Pöbel als Figur der Poetik korrespondiert dabei in der Frühen Neuzeit mit verwandten Figuren wie dem Pickelhering in der Komödie und dem Pikaro im Roman. In Texten u.a. von Opitz, Gryphius und Grimmelshausen zeigt Widder, dass der Pöbel als Übersetzungsfigur zwischen symbolischem und ökonomischem Kapital zu deuten ist. Dabei rückt besonders die massive Geldentwertung der sogenannten Kipper- und Wipperzeit um 1620 in den Blick, denn bereits hier ist die Überschneidung politischer und literarischer Exklusionsbestrebungen exemplarisch greifbar. Im Zuge der Formierung der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts kommt die Entwertung arbeitender Armut (labouring poor) als »Pöbel« schließlich zur vollen Entfaltung.
Advances in UAE Archaeology details the results of new excavations conducted across the United Arab Emirates over the last few years. These excavations have revealed a wealth of new data on all periods of UAE archaeology from the Palaeolithic to the recent past. Some of these discoveries have filled in important gaps in our knowledge, while others have fundamentally revised what we thought we knew already. For example, the Marawah Island excavations have added a new facet to our understanding of the Neolithic period by revealing intriguing and hitherto unknown funerary rituals. Excavations in Al Ain in the emirate of Abu Dhabi continue to reveal extraordinary evidence of emgt falaj emgirrigation, stretching back 3000 years. The ubiquity of this system across this oasis city further validates its status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Of particular importance is the discovery of extensive remains from the Late Pre-Islamic period, a significant time in history that has been best revealed in the excavations at Mleiha in the emirate of Sharjah.The research presented here was conducted by specialists from across the world working alongside an ever-growing cadre of Emirati archaeologists who will take the lead in the coming years in revealing more of this country's extraordinary archaeology and history.
Between 1848 and 1914, around 5,800 Swiss Mercenaries enlisted in the Dutch Colonial Army (KNIL) to fight in the Dutch East Indies, now modern-day Indonesia. This book traces the paths of these mercenaries beyond the boundaries of the Dutch Empire, shedding light on the intricacies of nineteenth-century military labour markets. It delves deep into their social backgrounds, motivations, intimate relationships, and their role in the violent expansion of the colonial empire. In doing so, it unveils the profound impacts of Dutch colonialism, not only on the colonies themselves but also on the social, economic, and cultural landscape of the European hinterland.
Young people imagine, perceive, experience, talk about, use, and produce space in a wide variety of ways. In doing so, they acquire and produce stocks of spatial knowledge. A quite dynamic and ever-changing process by nature, young people's production and acquisition of spatial knowledge are susceptible to many kinds of conditions—from those that shape their everyday routines to those that constitute historical turning points. Against this backdrop and drawing on a qualitative metaanalysis, the authors set out to discover what changes the spatial knowledge of young people has undergone during the past five decades. To that end, sixty published studies were sampled, analyzed, and synthesized to offer a meta-interpretation in terms of both the evolution of young people's spatial knowledge and the refiguration of spaces. As such, this book will appeal to scholars conducting spatial research on childhood and youth as well as scholars interested in urban studies from diverse disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, geography, architecture, urban planning, and design. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. The Open Access fee was funded by Technische Universität Berlin
This open access book provides an analytical and critical outlook, by leading scholars, of the impact of various trends in the quality of collaboration and resulting safety outcomes that arise from the evolution of traditional integrated production within a single firm into a complex web of partnerships and supply chains. In the face of increasing fragmentation within industrial production and the associated rise in the complexity of inter-organizational communication and transaction,this book analyses causal factors such as cost pressures, globalization of demand, increasingly flexible resource allocation and work organization, changes in legal liability and the possibilities afforded by information technology. Various case studies focus on the effects of crossing boundaries between organizations, between different trades and professions and between countries, assessing the effect of variations in regulatory structures and national cultures. Furthermore, they illustrate the wide range of organizational forms to be found in high-hazard industries today and the impact, potential or real, of the variety of forms of partnership on safety and well-being at work. The contributors assess the effect of out-sourcing and of various forms of partnership and governance on safety at work and how they can be made to support the prevention of major accident hazards.
This open access book assesses the prospects of (re)adopting organization as a pivotal concept in biology. It shows how organization can nourish biological thinking and practice, by reconnecting with the idea of biology as the science of organized systems. The book provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art picture of the characterizations and uses of the concept of organization in both biological science and philosophy of biology. It also deals with a variety of themes – including evolution, organogenesis, heredity, cognition and ecology – with respect to which the concept of organization can guide the elaboration of original models and new experimental protocols. It will be of interest to biologists and scholars working in philosophy of science alike.
This open access book explores the disciplinary, disciplined, and recent interdisciplinary sites and productions of ethnomusicology and queerness, arguing that both academic realms are founded upon a destructive masculinity—indissolubly linked to coloniality and epistemic hegemony—and marked by a monologic, ethnocentric silencing of embodied, same-sex desire. Ethnomusicology's fetishization of masculinizing fieldwork; queerness's functioning as Anglophone master category; and both domains' devaluation of sensuality and experience, concomitant with an adherence to provincial, Western conceptions of knowledge production, are revealed as precluding the possibilities for equitable, dialogic pluriversality. Enlisting the sonic as theoretical intervention, the disciplined/disciplining ethno and queer are reimagined in relation to negative emotions and intractable affect, ultimately vanquished, and replaced by explorations of sound, sex/uality, and experiential somaticity within a protean, postdisciplinary space of material/epistemic equity. This uncompromising, long-overdue critique will be of interest to researchers and students from numerous theoretical backgrounds, including music, sound, gender, queer, and postcolonial/decolonial studies.
This volume critically discusses the role empathy plays in different processes of understanding. More precisely, it clarifies empathy's role in interpersonal understanding and appreciating works of literature and art. The volume also includes a section on historical theories of empathy's role in understanding.
When it comes to understanding other persons, empathy is typically seen as a process that enables the empathizer to recognize a target person's mental states, a process which is in turn seen as "understanding" this person. This volume, however, explores empathy's role in understanding beyond mere mental state recognition. With contributions on processes of interpersonal understanding and understanding of literature and art, it provides readers with an overview over both differences and similarities regarding empathy's epistemic role in two rather different areas. Since important roots of the debate about empathic understanding lie at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, the historical section of the volume focusses specifically on this period.
Empathy's Role in Understanding Persons, Literature, and Art will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in the philosophy of mind, epistemology, aesthetics and the history of philosophy, as well as in literary studies and art history.
When King's Digital Lab was established in late 2015 it was conceived as both a craft factory (working with colleagues to produce digital outputs) and a technical experiment (a site where the intersection of technology and the humanities could be explored). Significant progress has been made on both of those fronts: dozens of projects have been enabled, operational white papers have been shared, and research outputs have explored the intellectual and philosophical aspects of the laboratory environment. It is now possible to move beyond the techniques that enabled this success and use insights from the philosophy of technology to explore long-standing concerns about the role of technology in society. In doing so, the laboratory would become an applied techno-philosophical experiment. More radically, it could rehabilitate the use of technical objects in the humanities and reject technophobia as not only unproductive but unethical. Technical (digital) objects could thus be accorded droit de cité in the field of the humanities. This perspective fits well with emerging work in the humanities that highlights the history of the field, its relationship to modelling, the indeterminacy of computer technology, and the potential for human-machine relations to be reconciled through aesthetics.
Pipeline is a low-income, high-rise-tenement settlement in Nairobi's marginalized East and one of sub-Saharan Africa's most densely populated estates. An aspirational place where fleeting forms of capitalist consumption reassure migrants of an upward trajectory, it is also a place where their ambitions of long-term economic success and stable romantic relationships are routinely thwarted. This book explores how men who migrate to Nairobi from Western Kenya navigate this tension that is generated by the contrast between their view of Pipeline as a launching pad for their personal and professional careers and the fact that they face constant economic, romantic, and personal backlashes. Drawing on over two years of fieldwork, the book reveals that many male migrants design their future on trajectories of personal and economic growth but have to adjust or indefinitely postpone their plans once they arrive in Kenya's capital. Under the pressure to succeed from romantic partners, spouses, rural kin, and children, they create and participate in homosocial spaces where a sense of brotherhood emerges and their experience of pressure is attenuated. Alongside a deep ethnographic exploration of how male migrants model their financial, physical, and mental well-being in three different masculine spaces - an ethnically homogenous investment group, an interethnic gym, and the semi-digital sphere of self-help books, workshops, and motivational trainings on man- and fatherhood - this book brings a new perspective to our understanding of urban African life and the nature of masculinity. This title is available under the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND, with funding from the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Open Access Fund and the German Research Foundation.
This chapter examines the question of whether mental categories come in both conscious and unconscious forms, focusing on the case of volition. Drawing out the implications of the fact that volition is a personal-level phenomenon, an argument against the possibility of unconscious volition is developed. Three objections to that argument are then considered: the first appeals to minimal actions and the exercise of expertise; the second appeals to Benjamin Libet's studies regarding the Readiness Potential; and the third appeals to relational conceptions of consciousness. All three arguments are found to be uncompelling. The chapter concludes by revisiting the question of whether mental categories can, in general, take both conscious and unconscious forms.
The journey an individual or group takes from hazard awareness to active preparedness is often reliant on their access to clear and consistent hazard information, an understanding about the risks posed and relevance to them, and their capacity to take action to mitigate these risks. In New Zealand, this process is typically facilitated by emergency managers though public education activities aimed at building community resilience and readiness. This chapter describes a case study, the AF8 Roadshow: The Science Beneath Our Feet, to illustrate a design-led approach to facilitating this process of awareness to preparedness. The focus of this case study is the Alpine Fault, the South Island of New Zealand's largest natural hazard with the ability to generate magnitude 8+ earthquakes (AF8). The last known event of this size was in 1717, which is beyond current living memory, and communicating and interpreting this hazard risk requires a collective effort to share and apply multiple domains of existing knowledge and experience. The AF8 Roadshow applies principles of design thinking to blend earthquake science with local knowledge and experience, positioning communities alongside scientists and emergency managers as active participants in a problem-solving process to enable readiness and resilience.
