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The basis for & goals of nationality law in Germany across the course of the 20th century are examined & compared to that in France & the UK, focusing on implications for transnational migration & immigrant citizenship. Postnationalist tendencies are described, along with their implications for a reevaluation of the definitions, demands, rights, & responsibilities of citizenship. The continuing debate over citizenship & immigrant integration is reviewed & policy implications are discussed. K Hyatt Stewart

The decision-making processes of transnational social movement organizations are studied to indicate how such organizations determine where to deploy their conservation strategies. An overview of transnational organizations concerned with various conservation issues is presented, emphasizing these organizations' primary strategies for preserving biodiversity. Informed by the thought of transnational conservationists & the concept of political opportunity structure, the participation of various transnational social movement organizations in Ecuador, Chile, & Peru is investigated. The domestic political structure, presence of nongovernmental organizations, & involvement of transnational organizations in each nation are analyzed, & factors responsible for the high level of transnational organization involvement in Ecuador, the moderate level of participation in Peru, & the low level of involvement in Chile are noted. Differences between transnational conservation, environmental, & human rights movements are pointed out. 1 Table, 76 References. J. W. Parker

The origins of the modern world racial system & its present national & transnational profile are described, focusing on the US, South Africa, Brazil, & the European Union. Demography, mobilization for racial equality, reform of state racial policies, & globalization interact to transform the logic of this system. New racial tensions have arisen, & racial differences still restrict political influence, but transnational antiracist networks have also developed to challenge them. M. Pflum

The transnational indigenous peoples' movement (TIPM) can convey important political leverage to local indigenous movements. Yet this study exposes a more problematic impact: the political authority gained by funding organisations who interpolate TIPM norms into new discourses regarding indigeneity, and deploy that discourse in local ethnic contests. In El Salvador the TIPM has encouraged the state to recognise the indigenous communities and has opened a political wedge for indigenous activism. Yet TIPM-inspired programmes by the European Union and UNESCO to support indigenous activism paradoxically weakened the Salvadorean movement by aggravating outside impressions that Salvadorean indigenous communities are 'not truly Indian'.

In this paper the author shares some of the findings, observations, and stimulating insights from colleagues and students gathered during visits to various parts of the world.The academic study of religion must now encompass more than it has done until now the effects of modern media and communications technologies, global consumption patterns, cultural mobility, and changing geo-political configurations. Scholars of religion are are being outpaced by these developments, whether because of the limitations of vision, or the shortsightedness of theoretical lenses.' The argument is that sites such as art, the media, Internet, outer space, diasporas, global culture, nature, and the public space deserve critical attention - not just for reasons of content, but because these new or neglected sites offer a potential challenge to our categories and concepts. Focus has to be shifted increasingly from bounded local cultures to transnational cultural flows and the significance of place has to be reexamined. This paper has suggests a number of pathways that are deserving of more exploration by scholars of religion. What we choose to include or exclude from our gaze affects the nature of our discourse(s) through and through. The whole business of "seeing" is integral to both the academic enterprise as well as the political economy of the academic study of religion. This paper highlights some of the exciting new areas that face us as students of religious ideas and phenomena, and point to their methodological implications.

The dissertation explores the ways in which Frederick Jackson Turner and Charles Beard, two of the most influential historians of the Progressive Era, perceived the Old World. Turner and Beard have been traditionally perceived as exponents of American exceptionalism and isolationism. The study argues that a careful reading of their work through the theoretical tools of transnationalism, imagology, and reference cultures shows that this traditional view is not sustained and that both historians were preoccupied with Europe throughout their career. Europe was for both a reference culture, a point of reference that they used in order to measure the role of the United States as both a country and a culture. They both perceived the United States as a rising political, economic, military, and cultural power, however they consistently argued that the exceptional position of the country in world affairs would only be meaningful if their country remained culturally entangled in world affairs. In this way, their conception of American exceptionalism was one that required inclusive transatlanticism and not isolationism. The importance of the study in exploring the origins of the transatlantic dialogue and the relations between the New and the Old World is underlined as these themes that were of great significance during the period that saw the United States' rise as a global power have been revived in our own days which has seen growing nationalistic sentiments and the election of an administration in the United States that has resurrected isolationism as a national policy.

International audience ; In this article I show how, on the field of seasonal migration between the Maghreb and the Bouches‑du‑Rhône, the evolution of the links maintainedwith the "homeland," the territory and social network in the country of origin and the meaning that migrants themselves give to this relationship can be understood through the intersection of a plurality of analytic levels and temporalities: the political and socio‑economic structural context of the host and origin country; the possibilities provided by migrants' network; the individual and family strategies of the latter. ; Sur le terrain des migrations saisonnières entre le Maghreb et les Bouches‑du‑Rhône, j'étudie l'évolution des liens entretenus avec « la patrie », leterritoire et le réseau social d'origine et le sens que les migrants donnent eux‑mêmes à cette relation, une évolution que j'aborde à travers le croisement d'une pluralité de temporalités et d'échelles d'observations : le contexte structurel politique, socio‑économique du pays d'accueil et d'origine ; les possibilités données par le réseau des migrants ; les stratégies individuelles et familiales de ces derniers.

International audience ; In this article I show how, on the field of seasonal migration between the Maghreb and the Bouches‑du‑Rhône, the evolution of the links maintainedwith the "homeland," the territory and social network in the country of origin and the meaning that migrants themselves give to this relationship can be understood through the intersection of a plurality of analytic levels and temporalities: the political and socio‑economic structural context of the host and origin country; the possibilities provided by migrants' network; the individual and family strategies of the latter. ; Sur le terrain des migrations saisonnières entre le Maghreb et les Bouches‑du‑Rhône, j'étudie l'évolution des liens entretenus avec « la patrie », leterritoire et le réseau social d'origine et le sens que les migrants donnent eux‑mêmes à cette relation, une évolution que j'aborde à travers le croisement d'une pluralité de temporalités et d'échelles d'observations : le contexte structurel politique, socio‑économique du pays d'accueil et d'origine ; les possibilités données par le réseau des migrants ; les stratégies individuelles et familiales de ces derniers.