Suchergebnisse

An elongated flat-sided shield with a raised bold European block style "4L" separated by dots. A drilled hole exists below and between letters. The author believes that this object identifies the Fourth Light Infantry Battalion and was fastened to a shako. Battalion Emblem "4-o Cuatro Baón Infanteria Legéra Permanente Shako Plate Ca. 1839-1848 Plate # mm ht. x mm w. Found at the ruins at the Hacienda de Encarnacion de Guzman, Coahuila, Mexico Collection: Robert Shelton ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/mhinojosa/1067/thumbnail.jpg

[2], 6 p. ; "Extracted out of the orignall for generall satisfaction and published by authority." ; Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Editors' Note on the Text -- Introduction -- THE LIEBERS' MANUSCRIPT -- Chapter I: Military and Martial Law Distinguished -- Chapter II: The Mutiny Act. Military Law -- Chapter III: Martial Law in English History -- Chapter IV: Views of Early English Authorities -- Chapter V: Acts of Parliament, Recognizing the Legality of Martial Law -- Chapter VI: Wall's Case, and the Demerara, Ceylon, and Jamaica Cases -- Chapter VII: Martial Law in U.S. History -- Chapter VIII: Has Martial Law Jurisdiction of Treason? -- Appendix: Francis Lieber's Annotated Lieber Code -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.

Historians are playing an important role in Macedonian society. Their understanding of history and their focus of research interest revolves around the national identity of Macedonians and differentiating them from Others. In recent decades, the political debates in the Republic of (North) Macedonia and its relations with Bulgaria and Greece have had important impact on historiographic production and the new (revisionist) interpretations of the past. History has become an essential element in contemporary politics that is key for framing the national identity of the Macedonians. In this new political context historians are even more engaged in political campaigns and debates, thus making them and their historiographical work one of the sources for symbolic division in the country.

Abstract
In 1988, Joseph Needham, Lu Gwei-Djen, and Pan Jixing published an article that declared to the world the discovery of the earliest known representation of a bombard, or gun. In the academic literature, however, there is significant doubt about its authenticity as a representation of a gun. Little subsequent evidence beyond the 1988 research note has corroborated their initial findings. This research note will show that the evidence originally presented by Lu, Needham, and Pan to support their argument that the cave in Dazu contains a bombard is inadequate. In doing so, it highlights the challenges researchers of Chinese history and the history of science have faced in the past and suggests ways the field is growing.

I was first taught by A. J. P. Taylor in the Hilary Term of my second year (1957–8) at Magdalen, for what was called English History III, the period from 1685 to 1939. I was not an expert on modern English history, but I had been taught the outlines well at school, and that background together with work on a prize essay the previous long vacation meant that I had a closer knowledge of the period than most undergraduates possess before starting tutorials on it officially, and because Alan Taylor started in 1760 I was soon on familiar ground, and even able to see that I knew more about some episodes than he did.

International audience ; La vogue des euro-régions, que sous-tend la force des mobilisations locales à travers toute l'Union européenne, semble révéler un rapport accru de ses ressortissants à la territorialité ; elle suggèrerait également une orientation politique du projet communautaire dans un sens différent de l'esprit initial des Traités de Rome, élaborés par des États et pour des États. En effet, le couple Europe/régions paraît maintenant indissociable : l'introduction du principe de subsidiarité et la création du Comité des Régions instillent dans les traités deux éléments fédéraux d'intégration à même de sortir les affaires locales du carcan État/collectivités territoriales, dans lequel elles sont encore conduites aujourd'hui. Il serait cependant prématuré, puisque l'aménagement du territoire reste du ressort des États, de parler d'une " Europe des régions ", régions dont on peut en outre douter à l'heure actuelle de leurs capacités à devenir des acteurs à part entière de la " gouvernance européenne " . Il n'en reste pas moins que ces " euro-régions " qui fleurissent sur tout le Vieux Continent marquent une revanche de la géographie sur l'histoire, puisque les frontières, ces " produits de l'imaginaire " et de l'idéologie nationale, ne sont plus des limites intangibles, mais des zones de contact et de circulations.

International audience ; La vogue des euro-régions, que sous-tend la force des mobilisations locales à travers toute l'Union européenne, semble révéler un rapport accru de ses ressortissants à la territorialité ; elle suggèrerait également une orientation politique du projet communautaire dans un sens différent de l'esprit initial des Traités de Rome, élaborés par des États et pour des États. En effet, le couple Europe/régions paraît maintenant indissociable : l'introduction du principe de subsidiarité et la création du Comité des Régions instillent dans les traités deux éléments fédéraux d'intégration à même de sortir les affaires locales du carcan État/collectivités territoriales, dans lequel elles sont encore conduites aujourd'hui. Il serait cependant prématuré, puisque l'aménagement du territoire reste du ressort des États, de parler d'une " Europe des régions ", régions dont on peut en outre douter à l'heure actuelle de leurs capacités à devenir des acteurs à part entière de la " gouvernance européenne " . Il n'en reste pas moins que ces " euro-régions " qui fleurissent sur tout le Vieux Continent marquent une revanche de la géographie sur l'histoire, puisque les frontières, ces " produits de l'imaginaire " et de l'idéologie nationale, ne sont plus des limites intangibles, mais des zones de contact et de circulations.

This profoundly informed volume provides the first in-depth overview of Jewish assessments of the evolving Nazi Judenpolitik in the early years of World War II. Jürgen Matthäus showcases the perceptive reports compiled by two Geneva-based offices, among the first to predict the threat to millions of Jews with the rising tide of Nazi rule in Europe.

"This handbook examines Pakistan's 70-year history from a number of different perspectives"--

"A Professional Foreigner aims to provide insight into the profession itself, what it was like at a particular period of history to play even a minor role in the steady stream of history, in the more mundane world of daily events, often out of the view of the media and world attention. It portrays a workday American professional diplomat - a Foreign Service officer - what they think and what they do all day"--

In the early 1970s, in a bid to diversify its economy – at that time primarily based on a declining steel industry and a still nascent international financial centre –, the Luxembourg government decided to invest in the country's audiovisual sector and to pursue a policy to develop telecommunications satellites that would be used to broadcast European television programmes. This ambitious yet risky objective represented a major challenge in five specific areas: in technological terms (choosing to invest in medium-range rather than the more dominant long-range satellites), in political terms (opting for US hardware and technology at the expense of the European leaders in the field, France and Germany), and with regard to culture (favouring the broadcast of programmes in English over those in French and German), management (the satellites were run via a private company with the government as the only shareholder), and standardisation, regulation and competition (especially at pan-European level). The Société Européenne des Satellites (SES) was finally set up in 1985, and Luxembourg's first satellite for television broadcasts (GDL/ASTRA) was launched in 1987. Drawing on new sources, this paper looks back at the emergence of the GDL/ASTRA project from a historical perspective, highlighting the main political, financial, technological and regulatory hurdles that had to be overcome, the influence of the project on Luxembourg's relationship with the USA and with EEC Member States (especially France and Germany but also the UK, which at that time was embarking on the accession process) and its role in the completion of a common market for new media technologies and ultimately in the development of a European audiovisual area. The impact of the policy as a driver for the financial centre (especially the Luxembourg Stock Exchange) and for various niche markets will also be emphasised.

SUMMARY: This essay is a contribution to the discussion forum "Mainstream Narratives of Soviet History and the Laughter of Surprise," framed as responses by literary scholars, historians, and political scientists to Sheila Fitzpatrick's essay "Soviet History as Black Comedy." The essay investigates the mimetic nature of Soviet history and the dialectics of tragedy and comedy in it by referencing the tradition going back to Theodor Adorno and Slavoj Žižek of seeing in laughter a means and ideology of domination. Резюме: Это эссе является частью форума "Мейнстримные нарративы советской истории и смех от удивления," в котором литературоведы, историки и политологи реагируют на эссе Шейлы Фитцпатрик "Советская история как черная комедия". Артемий Магун размышляет о миметическом характере советской истории и диалектике трагедии и комедии в ней. Он обращается к традиции, восходящей к Теодору Адорно и Славою Жижеку, которые видели в смехе форму идеологического доминирования.