Suchergebnisse

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges confronting Chile's centralised growth model and recommendations towards developing a more integrated territorial approach, capable of mobilising regional productivity catch-up potential in order to strengthen the role of regions and municipalities. The Chilean government has launched an ambitious decentralisation agenda, aimed at empowering municipalities by providing them with the legitimacy, financial resources, human capacities and tools required to improve their autonomy and performance. This study seeks to assist the government by covering several dimensions, looking at municipal responsibilities, fiscal and human resources, equalisation mechanisms, local public service performance, citizen participation, and co-ordination mechanisms across levels of government.

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Table of Abbreviations -- Table of Cases -- 1 -- Introduction -- I. Methodology -- 2 -- Introducing Guidelines on Article 2 -- I. Origins of the Right to Life -- II. The Right to Life in Europe -- III. Justification for Creating the Proposed Guidelines -- IV. Conclusion -- 3 -- Duty to Refrain from Unjustified Killing -- I. Finding a Violation of the Duty to Refrain from an Unjustified Killing -- II. "Absolutely Necessary" Test -- III. Defence of Any Person from Unlawful Violence-Article 2(2)(a) of the ECHR -- IV. Effect a Lawful Arrest or to Prevent Escape-Article 2(2)(b) of the ECHR -- V. Quelling a Riot and Insurrection-Article 2(2)(c) of the ECHR -- VI. Margin of Appreciation and Article 2 -- VII. Conclusion -- 4 -- Duty to Protect Life By Law -- I. WHAT DOES PROTECTING LIFE BY LAW ENTAIL? -- II. DOMESTIC LAWS -- III. THE ECtHR's APPROACH TO DOMESTIC LAWS -- IV. CONCLUSION -- 5 -- Duty to Protect LifePlanning and Reasonable Steps -- I. DUTY TO ADEQUATELY PLAN OPERATIONS -- II. DUTY TO PROTECT AGAINST REAL AND IMMEDIATE RISKS TO LIFE -- III. EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF ARTICLE 2 -- IV. CONCLUSION -- 6 -- Enforced Disappearances -- I. The Evolving Concept of Enforced Disappearances -- II. Defining Enforced Disappearances -- III. Protection by Law -- IV. Duty to Investigate Enforced Disappearances -- V. The Standard and Burden of Proof -- VI. Conclusion -- 7 -- Duty to Investigate Suspicious Deaths -- I. Establishing Minimum Requirements for an Article 2 Investigation -- II. State"s Own Motion -- III. Purpose of the Investigation -- IV. Prompt Commencement of Investigations -- V. Reasonable Expedition of Investigations -- VI. Thorough Investigation -- VII. Independent and Impartial Investigations -- VIII. Public Scrutiny -- IX. Conclusion -- 8 -- Right to an Effective Remedy and Article 2 of the ECHR

While debates about human rights are waged in elite circles, what do publics in the global South think about human rights ideas and the organizations that promote them? Drawing on large-scale public opinion surveys and interviews with human rights practitioners in India, Mexico, Morocco, and Nigeria, Taking Root argues that most people broadly support human rights, but often do not engage with local rights groups.

"Cover page " -- "Halftitle page " -- "Title page " -- "Copyright page " -- "Title page " -- "Copyright page " -- "CONTENTS" -- "Editors' Introduction" -- "Political Economy and the Rural-Urban Divide, 1767 – 1981 " -- "Relative Agricultural Prices and the Urban Bias Model: A Comparative Analysis of Tanzania and Fiji" -- "Urban Bias, Rural Bias or State Bias? Urban-RuralRelations in Post-Revolutionary China" -- "'Generative' or 'Parasitic' Urbanism? Some Observations from the Recent History of a South Indian Market Town" -- "Categorising Space: Urban-Rural or Core-Periphery in Sri Lanka" -- "'Urban Bias' and Rural Poverty: A Latin American Perspective

"Half Title" -- "Title Page" -- "Copyright Page" -- "Dedication" -- "Table of Contents" -- "List of Tables" -- "List of Figures" -- "Preface" -- "Acknowledgements" -- "1. The Changing Urban System and the Evolution of Metropolitan Spatial Form" -- "2. The Planning of Core Areas" -- "3. The Case Study Cities" -- "4. The Residential Function of the Urban Core" -- "5. Employment in the Core" -- "6. Retailing in the Urban Core" -- "7. Offices in the Core" -- "8. Transport and Urban Change" -- "9. Conclusion" -- "List of References

"Historically, natural law has played a pivotal role in Christian approaches to the law, and a contested role in legal philosophy generally. However, comparative study of natural law across global Christian traditions is largely neglected. This book provides not only the history of natural law ideas across mainstream Christian traditions worldwide, but also an ecumenical comparison of the contemporary natural law positions of different traditions. Its focus is not solely theoretical: it tests the practical utility of natural law by exploring its use in the legal systems of the churches studied. Alongside analysis of the assumptions underlying the concept, it also proposes a jurisprudence of Christian law itself. With chapters written by distinguished lawyers and theologians across the world, this book is designed for those studying and teaching law or theology, those who practice and study ecumenism, and those involved in the practice of church law"--

Introduction / Bradley Lynn Coleman and Kyle Longley -- Part I. Ronald Reagan and the national security establishment -- Ronald Reagan's engagement and the Cold War / James Graham Wilson -- A question of morality: Ronald Reagan and nuclear weapons / Beth A. Fischer -- Beyond Cap the foil: Weinberger and the Reagan-era defense buildup / Ronald J. Granieri -- Transformative leadership on Capitol Hill: the Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act / James R. Locher III -- Part II. The Soviet Union and Europe -- Gorbachev, Perestroika, and the end of the Cold War / Archie Brown -- For better and for worse: Ronald Reagan's relationship with Margaret Thatcher, 1981-1983 / James Cooper -- The sense of history: Ronald Reagan and François Mitterrand / William I. Hitchcock -- Navigating choppy waters: US-German relations during the last decade of the Cold War / David F. Patton -- Part III. Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East -- Ronald Reagan and the puzzles of "so-called Communist China" and Vietnam / Michael Schaller -- An obsession: the Central American policy of the Reagan Administration / Kyle Longley -- Toward an ecological frontier: environmental policy, economic development, and US-Mexican relations during the Reagan presidency / Evan R. Ward -- Stranger in a dangerous land: Reagan and Lebanon, 1981-1984 / Charles F. Brower IV -- Researching Reagan: a guide for scholars of national security policy during the Ronald Reagan presidency / Ryan Carpenter