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Abstract. This article1 highlights the main shortcomings of the current dominant theories of green politics and green parties. Using Switzerland as a critical case, it explores a different approach as green politics, seen as a result of different attitudes about ways and means to solve environmental problems. The article concludes with some theoretical ideas that would lend themselves to a more comprehensive theory of green politics.

The emergence & evolution of a multiparty system in Russia following the breakup of the USSR are chronicled, highlighting the impact of contextual factors, eg, the heritage of the pre-Soviet & Soviet past, constitutional design, legal framework, informal rules of politics, leader personalities, locus of power, socioeconomic developments, & political attitudes & participation of the masses. It is argued that the Russian party system has been constructed so as to maintain political power in the hands of the president & the ruling regime; comparisons are drawn between the early days of perestroika under Mikhail Gorbachev, the "democracy of disorder" of Boris Yeltzin, & the "managing democracy" of Vladimir Putin. The performance of various parties across different election cycles is traced, the legislative power of the state Duma is analyzed, & polling data are reviewed to examine the population's political preferences. Though the party system has become indispensable in Russian politics, it has largely failed to link the constituency & the government or challenge the ruling powers. 5 Tables. K. Hyatt Stewart

Intellectual exchange is central to progress in any discipline,
including political science. The transfer of knowledge, ideas, and
techniques takes place in many forums (e.g., advisor-student
meetings, conferences, department lounges) and it is no simple task
to systematically identify or quantify this interchange. In general
though, the fruition of a successful or insightful idea is a
published journal article or book. The way in which the author(s) of
a published piece of work acknowledges previous or contemporary work
that contributed to its development is via references or citations.
Thus, while we cannot easily keep track of the
entire process of intellectual exchange that
leads to publication, citations inform us of other (usually
published) work that influenced and contributed to the articles and
books that make up the research output of the field. We thank two anonymous referees for helpful
comments on content and structure.

This textbook covers political science topics focusing on contemporary world politics with chapter titles including: The Cold War Era, The End of Bipolarity, US Hegemony in World Politics, Alternative Centers of Power, Contemporary South Asia, International Organisations, Security in the Contemporary World, Environment and Natural Resources, and Globalisation. Made available by the National Repository of Open Educational Resources of India.

Introduction / Liang Fook Lye and Wilhelm Hofmeister -- One-party system. ch. 1. Is democratization compatible with China's one-party system? / Yongnian Zheng and Liang Fook Lye. ch. 2. The Vietnamese Communist Party and Renovation (Doi Moi) in Vietnam / Duong Luan Thuy -- One-party dominant system. ch. 3. Cambodia : A hegemonic party system in the making / Sorpong Peou. ch. 4. The People's Action Party and political liberalization in Singapore / Kenneth Paul Tan. ch. 5. The end of one-party dominance and Japan's emergence as a "common democracy" / Peng Er Lam -- Multi-party system. ch. 6. Thai political parties in the age of the great divide / Pavin Chachavalpongpun. ch. 7. Last chapter of an uneasy partnership : The loss of Jusuf Kalla in the 2009 presidential election / Syamsul Hadi. ch. 8. Political parties and party system in Korea after democratization : Cartelized party system and oscillations between two models / Sunghack Lim. ch. 9. Priorities for Philippine political parties : Mass membership, political education, and party development law / Dennis T. Gonzalez. ch. 10. Taiwan's democratization and the freezing of the party system / Huo-yan Shyu. ch. 11. Two key stumbling blocks for Hong Kong's democratization : Personal vote and Beijing's policies / Hak Yin Li.

While representative democracy is dependent on political parties, comments about party decline & failure abound. These comments constituted the reason for this analysis of the state of political parties in advanced industrial democracies. The findings are summarized in this conclusion, with each country studied assessed in terms of party membership, organizational development & strength, & functionality. It is concluded that neither the parties nor the countries in which they operate are all they might be, there is good reason to believe that political parties will continue to exist & function reasonably effectively. If not, there would be no representative democracy. Tables, References. J. Stanton