Suchergebnisse

With the advent of motorization, cities gradually have lost the use of walking, although they were historically designed on the pedestrian metric. However, over the last decade, in order to face the many challenges of walking, public authorities put in place many actions.Nevertheless, to implement this program of action, authorities need to locate their interventions and identify walking areas. To restore the pedestrian place on public space, several tools are conceivable. ; Avec l'arrivée de la motorisation, les villes ont peu à peu perdu l'usage de la marche, bien qu'elles aient été historiquement conçues sur la métrique piétonne. Cependant, depuis une dizaine d'années, face aux nombreux enjeux que revêt la pratique de la marche à pied, les politiques publiques mettent en place de nombreuses actions.Afin de pouvoir mettre en œuvre ce programme, les collectivités ont besoin de localiser leurs interventions et, pour cela, identifier les secteurs à potentiel de développement de la marche. Plusieurs outils s'offrent à elles pour redonner sa place au piéton sur l'espace public.

As the world's largest energy consuming country, China is facing environmental deterioration, which results from the overuse of non-renewable conventional energy such as coal. Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, an unlimited and clean energy with minimal impacts on the environment, is considered a good alternative to alleviate this severe issue. A survey was designed and conducted among residents in some major cities in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Nanchang, and Guangdong. Based on the first-hand data, basic statistical methods were utilized to examine Chinese urban residents' knowledge, concerns, and attitudes about solar PV adoption. The research aimed to identify the drivers and dynamics that most encourage customers to install solar PV systems in their residential buildings. The data suggest that the factors that could increase solar PV adoption are (a) reduced costs, (b) practical government incentives, (c) desire to reduce fossil fuel usage, and (d) education to increase awareness of solar PV systems. This research empirically assesses the impacts of the adoption of solar PV systems on various socio-economic groups.

The governance of sustainable energy transitions (SET) is facing multiple technological, economic, societal and political uncertainties. In practice, these energy-related uncertainties play a role not only at the level of "major politics," but also in the policymaking of local decision makers and planners. This paper seeks to attain a more differentiated understanding of how uncertainties concerning the energy transition play out and are dealt with in policymaking and planning "on the ground." To do so, the paper combines conceptual reflections with an explorative empirical study on local heat supply policy in Switzerland. In conceptual regards, it proposes some distinctions of types of uncertainties related to energy transitions, and a typology of strategic decision options for dealing with uncertainty. On this basis, the paper reveals similarities and differences regarding the perception of uncertainties and ways of dealing with them in a number of Swiss cities. These insights evoke further questions about the causes and effects of different sensitivities to uncertainty and ways of dealing with them.

The essay discusses Danish urban politics and its present-day challenges in two partly separated sections: first, the intra-urban issues of social change, marginalisation and exclusion, and related problems; and secondly, inter-urban or regional development. Finally, the essay ends with a discussion of current trends in urban policy: are we on our way to more market domination and less state control? Urban policy is a quite broad topic, which cannot easily be defined. In this essay, urban policy is used more pragmatically. In general, it can be used in three different ways: as a policy directed towards steering and regulating cities and their internal conditions; as a sector policy targeted at specific urban phenomena, such as traffic policy, housing and planning policies; and as sector policies, such as financial or social policy with unintended urban effects. This essay will focus on the first, intended sort of urban policies, although others forms have had major impact on the shaping of urban conditions.

There has been a lot of theoretical discussion about triple helix and quadruple helix methodologies for innovation and knowledge transfer in the context of local development and even smart cities. The goal of this paper is to describe specific barriers related to ICT uptake, usage and development related to knowledge based capital and their role in Croatia, especially in the context of passing from triple helix (academia, business, government) to quadruple helix (academia, business, government, NGOs/citizens) model. Specific barriers exist in each country, and they may be divided into technological, organisational, human, societal and/or cultural barriers. The case of Croatia is specifically analysed and compared to other countries in the region and in the EU. The lack of participative culture and other criteria influencing social dynamics are particularly addressed in order to reach a conclusion about country specific barriers and provide policy advice for decision makers. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Based on 15 months of ethnographic research in the city of Alto Hospicio in northern Chile, this book describes how the residents use social media, and the consequences of this use in their daily lives. Nell Haynes argues that social media is a place where Alto Hospicio's residents – or Hospiceños – express their feelings of marginalisation that result from living in city far from the national capital, and with a notoriously low quality of life compared to other urban areas in Chile. In actively distancing themselves from residents in cities such as Santiago, Hospiceños identify as marginalised citizens, and express a new kind of social norm. Yet Haynes finds that by contrasting their own lived experiences with those of people in metropolitan areas, Hospiceños are strengthening their own sense of community and the sense of normativity that shapes their daily lives. This exciting conclusion is illustrated by the range of social media posts about personal relationships, politics and national citizenship, particularly on Facebook.

International audience ; This chapter examines the impact of changing urban planning policies in Egypt. It attempts to describe the threefold crisis that Egyptian cities experienced between 2011 and 2014, characterized by considerable political inertia, procrastination toward development projects and the territorialization of conflict. The chapter also focuses on the new forms of informal urbanization during this transition period. Encouraged by the drop in police checks and the boom in the informal economy in 2011, the strong growth of self-built neighborhoods in poor areas is a socio- demographic reality that the new authorities are struggling to understand. Drawing on interviews with a number of urban actors, the chapter shows that the emergence of new forums for debate on urban planning in Cairo and Alexandria in particular, the proliferation of urban activists in a civil society in transition, as well as efforts by institutions of higher education to adapt the provision of training in the field of architecture, are catalysts for new initiatives in a rapidly changing Egypt.

An essay for Amateur Cities on the potentially radical politics of rendering software. The tools are difficult but they are multiplying, Google Sketchup is becoming more sophisticated as a free alternative to other engines. Beyond traditional rendering platforms, Minecraft has already proven its worth as an educational and imaginative platform, allowing players to stretch the bounds of the rules of the universe. It is not clear what a radical utopian rendering culture would look like, nor exactly how these things would act outside of the existing culture of architectural renderings, developing things not to appeal to developers or critics. Sascha Pohflepp's recent work with physics engines, provokes thoughts of a Dr Morel-style world where rendering technology frees us from the bounds of the physical universe rather than constructing more visions of monoliths and shopping centres. Imaging these worlds in the context of cheapening immersive and virtual realities opens up massive possibilities for radically reforming reality and constructing radically different spaces.

"Young men in precarious situations of persistent un(der)employment in post-civil war Freetown, Sierra Leone are depicted in popular and policy debate as 'stuck' economically or 'dangerous' and prone to violence. In the present paper, by contrast, we draw on young men's explanations of their work and livelihood struggles as 'straining'. We explore the logic of straining, its innovations and demands, and its geography across the city, especially where acts of straining interface with the prohibition and criminalisation of informal trading. We argue that straining innovates and endures because of (not despite) young men's marginalisation and limited autonomy and power. In this context, young men build forms of provisional agency and enact dynamic forms of waithood, in their strategies to earn a living to try to support their families and to negotiate a transition from youth to manhood. Drawing on this research, we argue for a more complex understanding of young men at work in Freetown, in particular, and of the 'youth bulge', in general, in African cities." (author's abstract)

The level or rank of an administrative division (行区等级 or 政区级别) in China-a structural condition of the sub-national territorial administrative system-is a correlate of administrative rank (行政级别). State reterritorialization of the administrative divisions (行政区划), through establishment and expansion of hundreds of cities, introduces a political economy of differentiation and change by which city governments take the measure of their administrative reach and economic capacity. How do changes to the administrative divisions involve administrative rank, economic status and territorial governing power? In Suzhou, a prefecture-level city, incommensurability between the economic status of the city and its administrative rank reveals how 'unfair' rank in the administrative hierarchy becomes implicated in negotiations over territorial adjustments and cadre appointments, leading to creative forms of rank adjustment. Dynamics of the administrative divisions reflect rank consciousness, influence official positions and structure urban transformation in contemporary China. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

Abstract. Ability to manage a good distribution channel is a competitiveadvantage which is importance for industries. Bad distribution channel will havebad impact in whole aspects of organization, especially on its profit margin.Precise quantity and on time delivery are crucial aspects of distribution success.Distribution and transportation system have to be design optimally to result theminimum cost of distribution. Perum Bulog as government agency who runs thedistribution of rice has to pay attention on optimizing its distribution channel. Inoperating their task, Perum Bulog will be support by its sub division who will bemanages the distribution process of rice in its own region. This research is focusedto define the optimum combination of channel and quantity on distribution of ricefrom Sub Divre West Java to the cities and regencies in order to achieve theminimum distribution cost using transportation method, Linear Programmingmethod, and LINDO. As the result of this research, the minimum cost of optimaldistribution of rice on West Java Region is 5.3 billion rupiahs.Keywords: Rice, Distribution, Transportation Method, Linear Programming,LINDO

Objective: To test the impact of depressive symptoms, adverse life events (LEs) and political engagement on sympathies for violent protest and terrorism (SVPT). Method: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of Pakistani and Bangladeshi men and women from two English cities. Weighted, multivariable, logistic regression yielded population estimates of association (odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals) against a binary outcome of SVPT derived from a three-group solution following cluster analysis. Results: Depressive symptoms showed a higher risk of SVPT (OR=2.59, 95% CI=1.59-4.23, p<0.001), but mediated little of the overall effects of LEs and political engagement, which were associated with a lower risk of SVPT: death of a close friend: OR=0.24, 95% CI=0.07-0.74; donating money to a charity: OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.3-0.9). . Conclusions: Independent of risks of SVPT related to depressive symptoms, some expressions of social connectedness are associated with a lower risk of SVPT.

The Tasmanian Government is currently implementing significant reforms to improve students' retention and attainment in Tasmania's schools. There is a concern in the Tasmanian community however, that their students' performances are among the lowest in the nation. Reasons nominated for these results include weak literacy and numeracy levels; low attendance rates; high anxiety around transitions between Year 10 and Year 11 by some students, especially among those living outside of the larger cities; students seeking alternative education options; and family, financial, health and carer based issues. It is against this backdrop that the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) was commissioned to undertake an independent review of Years 9 to 12 concerning the following issues: student and workforce data; curriculum policy and provision (including vocational education and training (VET); and design and delivery for Years 9 to 12 (which includes the three Tasmanian education sectors: the Tasmanian Catholic Education Office (TCEO), Independent Schools Tasmania (IST) and the Department of Education (DoE)).

In 2012, Palestine, while keeping its status as an observer, won the status of non-member state in the United Nations via a majority vote at the UN General Assembly (UNGA).1 For the Palestinians, the move was considered a diplomatic victory, especially considering Israel's and the United States' isolation during the UNGA voting session. President of the Palestinian Authority (PA) Maḥmūd ʿAbbās, who considered the resolution as a "birth certificate" of the state of Palestine,2 returned triumphant to Ramallah, despite having in fact only obtained recognition for what can be considered a nominal state. Some weeks earlier, a ceasefire deal was reached between Ḥamās and Israel. The ceasefire put an end to the escalating violence that had resulted in the deaths of dozens of Palestinians by Israeli bombs, and the launch of hundreds of rockets toward Israeli cities, even reaching Tel Aviv, as well as the assassination of Aḥmad Al-Jaʿbarī, a high-ranking official of al-Qassām Brigades, the Ḥamās Military Wing

Urbanization is one of the most important mega-trends of the 21st century. Consequently, the possibility of U.S. military involvement in a megacity or sub-megacity is an eventuality that cannot be ignored. After elucidating the nature of urbanization and developing a typology in terms of smart, fragile, and feral cities, we give consideration to the kinds of contingencies that the U.S. military, especially the Army, needs to think about and prepare for. Understanding the city as a complex system or organism is critical and provides the basis for changes in intelligence, recruitment, training, equipment, operations, and tactics. One of the key takeaways is the need to understand the urban environment and the need to work with (instead of against) the flows and rhythms of a city. Without such an approach, the results of military involvement in such a formidable environment would likely be disastrous; with it, the prospects for success would at least be enhanced. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1416/thumbnail.jpg