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In the contemporary world, the development of education is given special importance. Education is considered as a basic force of civilization changes. Interdisciplinary education, focused on innovation, is seen as a necessary challenge to cultural changes. The level of education is becoming an increasingly important factor in determining the economic, political and social behaviour as well as values shaping systems. Currently, educational challenges are of interest to different actors of cultural life. They draw attention to the types of education, institutional arrangements, curricula, the teachers image, educators and students, teaching methods, forms of extracurricular education, financial aspects, etc. These issues are awakening big disputability, and even controversy, both political factors, responsible for shaping educational policy and public opinion, including teachers and researchers interested in various aspects of education. There is on the one hand – pursuance to preserve tradition, cultivating patterns developed in the historical process and enrich them through the elements of civilization challenges and on the other hand – promotes belief in the need for education outgoing to meet civilization challenges of education called modern, rejecting the existing patterns of development; moreover, in a Polish cultural reality, the traditional school model is known as a little – friendly institution for teacher and student.

Canada's emissions are nearly 30 per cent above its Kyoto target. Kathryn Harrison is looking to understand why some countries are leading the way and why others are falling short. ; Other UBC ; Unreviewed ; Other

AbstractDespite the turn to relational vocabularies in urban theory, most work on urban politics acknowledging the importance of media has tended to reproduce a centred image of 'the media' and a functionalist account of mediation. This essay suggests, by contrast, that media might be understood more phenomenologically, as those technologies embedded in the dispersed practices of urban life, and as assemblages of integrative practices (i.e. 'the media'), both of which identify and subject to action a range of issues that are problematized as 'urban'. Such a focus on media‐in‐practices is an important shift in perspective for research hoping to bring together the shared political concerns of urban and media studies, and to take advantage of the converging spatial imaginations and reconfigured understandings of mediation emerging across both fields.Résumé Même si la théorie urbaine a adopté une terminologie du relationnel, la plupart des travaux de politique urbaine qui admettent l'importance des médias reproduisent plutôt une image centrifuge des 'médias' et une explication fonctionnaliste de la médiation. Ce texte suggère a contrario que l'on peut appréhender les médias sur un plan plus phénoménologique, en les considérant comme les technologies intégrées aux pratiques dispersées de la vie urbaine et comme des combinaisons de pratiques permettant l'agrégation (autrement dit, des 'médias'), les deux aspects définissant, et exposant à une action, toute une série de problèmes qualifiés d'urbains. Un tel intérêt pour 'les médias dans leurs pratiques' constitue un important revirement de point de vue pour les recherches qui espèrent réunir les préoccupations politiques communes des études urbaines et des études sur les médias, tout en exploitant la convergence des imaginaires spatiaux et les reformulations de la médiation qui apparaissent dans les deux domaines.

With nearly one in ten residents of advanced industrialized states now an immigrant, international migration has become a fundamental driver of social, economic, & political change. We review alternative models of migratory behavior (which emphasize structural factors largely beyond states' control) as well as models of immigration policy making that seek to explain the gaps between stated policy & actual outcomes. Some scholars attempt to explain the limited efficacy of control policies by focusing on domestic interest groups, political institutions, & the interaction among them; others approach the issue from an international or "intermestic" perspective. Despite the modest effects of control measures on unauthorized flows of economic migrants & asylum seekers, governments continue to determine the proportion of migrants who enjoy legal status, the specific membership rights associated with different legal (& undocumented) migrant classes, & how policies are implemented. These choices have important implications for how the costs & benefits of migration are distributed among different groups of migrants, native-born workers, employers, consumers, & taxpayers. 142 References. Adapted from the source document.

With nearly one in ten residents of advanced industrialized states now an immigrant, international migration has become a fundamental driver of social, economic, and political change. We review alternative models of migratory behavior (which emphasize structural factors largely beyond states' control) as well as models of immigration policy making that seek to explain the gaps between stated policy and actual outcomes. Some scholars attempt to explain the limited efficacy of control policies by focusing on domestic interest groups, political institutions, and the interaction among them; others approach the issue from an international or "intermestic" perspective. Despite the modest effects of control measures on unauthorized flows of economic migrants and asylum seekers, governments continue to determine the proportion of migrants who enjoy legal status, the specific membership rights associated with different legal (and undocumented) migrant classes, and how policies are implemented. These choices have important implications for how the costs and benefits of migration are distributed among different groups of migrants, native-born workers, employers, consumers, and taxpayers.