Suchergebnisse

Family businesses are usually long-term oriented or based on the founder's vision that the business he creates will live for many years and provide jobs and livelihoods for family members. The formation and development of family businesses is influenced by many factors such as socio-cultural changes society, economic trends, the development of technology, as well as the political situation of the country in which the business operates.The family business as a complex and dual system is made up of family and business. Family members are part of the business and they are involved in the system of tasks, but at the same time they are part of the family system. intend to transfer the business to their offspring.If quality work implies correct and correctly performed work, then one feels motivated by the employees, developing individual abilities and skills incorporated in the family business.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the activities of global financial institutions as legal entities under international public law, important components of the global financial architecture and agents of unshadowing of the world economy using the sample of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The postulate of the work defines the leading importance of the institutional mechanism of unshadowing of the global economy for the development and implementation by countries of the unshadowing toolkit in a combination of economic and legal components as a factor of sustainable development.
Results. It was found that the continued expansion of the shadow segment of the global economy actualizes the expediency of researching patterns and features of the processes that cause and accompany it. The global financial architecture is undergoing transformations adapting to the challenges of the shadowing of the world economy, including 1) the implementation of shadow economic transactions by business entities, 2) the deformation of the competitive environment and capitalist market institutions, 3) the distortion of business activity models, 4) the degradation of people's economic behaviour, as consumers and employees, and 5) aggravation of the global environmental problem. The classification of subjects of the unshadowing of the world financial sphere, which play a key role in its architecture, including their division by types 1) international universal organizations, 2) international financial organizations and 3) international specialized institutions, has been carried out. The structure-forming role of normative documents, which determine both the goal-setting and general quantitative characteristics of the environment of financial institutions, as well as the peculiarities of the development and implementation of activities for the unshadowing of economic relations and systems, has been revealed. All countries are only on the way towards effective economic models and sound global financial ecosystem.
Scientific novelty. A new model of the institutional matrix of the global financial ecosystem is proposed, including the green economy and sustainable development components. The peculiarities of FATF in the global financial architecture and processes of unshadowing of business activities are revealed.
Practical value. The obtained results can be used in the improvement of the national policy of countering the shadowing of business activities, reducing the environmental problem, as well as increasing the effectiveness of international economic relations in this area.

AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate the performances of the wavelet, Hodrick–Prescott (HP), and Baxter–King (BK) filters in extracting cyclical information and to use an appropriate method to analyze China's business cycles. First, we use a second‐order autoregression (AR (2)) and random walk, based on Monte Carlo simulation experiments, to generate the data‐generating processes (DGPs) with different frequency characteristics. Second, the HP, BK, and wavelet filters are applied to extract the cyclical components of the respective DGPs. Third, the filtering abilities of the three methods are statistically compared. The results show the following: (1) Under the condition that the DGP is low frequency (long cycle) and trend dominated, the filtering performance of the three methods will remain unsatisfactory. (2) If the DGP is high frequency (short cycle), all three methods can serve as effective methods regardless of whether they are trend dominated or cycle dominated. However, it can be seen that the BK and wavelet filters present better performance than the HP filter. (3) In other cases, better filtering performances can be observed in the wavelet. Finally, the three methods are applied to estimate China's business cycles. In conclusion, this paper argues that the wavelet can effectively replace HP and BK filters to extract cyclical components.

In Ethiopia, agricultural development, industrialisation and private sector investment, along with government job creation initiatives, have brought about radical changes in the employment landscape. This working paper contributes to understanding the work of young men and women in different contexts, both in paid employment and when generating their own income. Few young people found well-paid jobs related to their qualifications. Younger men and women were often still in education, though some worked part time. Wage labour included work in irrigated agriculture, on flower farms and in factories. However, pay was low and work conditions were hard and involved health risks, so young people tried to move on to better-paid employment or their own businesses. Most young women and men were engaged in their own income- generating activities. However, only a few had successful businesses, often relying on family support and remittances from female relatives. Youth micro and small-scale enterprise (MSE) cooperatives in agriculture and cobblestone production were dominated by men. Despite some successful examples, the MSEs faced many challenges and most young people preferred to undertake their own work. Community contexts and opportunities, family circumstances, and age, gender and education explain most of the variation and success in jobs and income generation. However, individual determination and ambition also made a difference.

[EN] Transport services continue to be liberalized across the entire European Union, although at differing speeds in each Member State. This momentum is expected to continue in the coming years. Against this background, attention to new dimensions of transport services becomes imperative. The focus, which has so far centred on managing infrastructure, must now shift to lesser explored areas, like product innovation and customer relationship management. The efficiency and competitiveness of new private operators will depend to a large extent on achieving a balanced development of the three aforementioned areas, as well as paying particular attention to their inherent logic, in order to build a strong value proposition. Business model innovation emerged in the field of strategic management yet goes beyond the traditional framework of competition 'for the market' and 'in the market', opening a wider and more promising space, i.e. the market creation framework. The goal is no longer to discover and exploit opportunities, but to create new opportunities and generate new market spaces. ; Mateu Céspedes, JM. (2016). WHAT CAN BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION BRING TO TRANSPORT SERVICE OPERATIONS IN A CONTEXT OF INCREASING LIBERALIZATION. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 224-232. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3673 ; OCS ; 224 ; 232

Why are some lobby groups less benign in their external effects than others? Nearly three decades ago, Mancur Olson (1982) proposed that less-encompassing lobby groups with their constituents collectively representing a narrow range of sectors are more apt to seek the types of subsidies, tariffs, tax loopholes, and competition-limiting regulations that impose costs on the rest of society. To the best of our knowledge, Olson s oft-cited hypothesis has yet to be actually tested, due perhaps to the absence of adequate data on general policy preferences of various types of lobbies. Thus, we examine a pair of surveys from 2003 and 2004 which were targeted at managers of business associations (lobby groups) and their enterprise constituents to directly test Olson s hypothesis. Managers from a diverse array of Russian industrial firms and business associations were asked similar questions regarding their attitudes to policies that explicitly benefit well-defined sectoral or regional interests and, implicitly, impose external costs. The pattern of responses is striking. Managers of less-encompassing associations and the constituent firms of such groups are much more apt to see such policies in a favorable light. In contrast, more-encompassing associations and their member display greater skepticism toward narrowly targeted government interventions. Our results strongly support Olson s hypothesis.

Résumé Depuis les années 1980, les propriétaires immobiliers des quartiers commerciaux de la ville de New York sont autorisés à former des organisations à but non lucratif pour améliorer les conditions d'exercice des commerces dans un périmètre déterminé. Suite aux coupes budgétaires dont les services municipaux ont fait l'objet, les Business Improvement Districts jouent désormais un rôle central dans la recomposition des activités de service public local. La nouvelle division du travail entre la municipalité et le secteur privé dans les domaines de la propreté et de la sécurité urbaines se fonde sur l'exploitation d'une main-d'œuvre recrutée parmi les populations les plus défavorisées de la ville et le recours au travail des personnes condamnées à des travaux d'utilité publique.

Extent to which Presidents Eisenhower and Nixon attempted to manipulate the economy in order to win votes.

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to perform an economic and legal analysis of the problem of insolvency (bankruptcy) of business entities in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/Methodology/Approach: Utilizing general scientific (systemic, dialectical and sociological) and specific scientific (normative-logical, comparative-legal, technical-legal, legal statistics) methods of researching economic and legal phenomena, the authors analyzed the concept and basic prerequisites for insolvency (bankruptcy) of entrepreneurial structures, the measures for the introduction of a moratorium on the bankruptcy of business entities undertaken by the Governments of Russia and Germany are considered and evaluated. Findings: As a result of the study, the authors concluded that during a pandemic, the risk factor for bankruptcy of business entities significantly increases and it is necessary to take measures to prevent the bankruptcy of business entities. The introduction of a moratorium on the bankruptcy of economic entities served as such measures in Russia and Germany. For these purposes, an appropriate regulatory and legal framework was created, providing for a ban on the introduction of bankruptcy procedures of certain economic entities. Practical Implications: The authors proposed introducing extra measures to prevent the bankruptcy of business entities in Russia in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, it was proposed to borrow foreign experience and introduce a moratorium on the obligation to file an application by a debtor - a business entity to declare it a bankrupt, to fix a regulatory moratorium on filing applications to the arbitration court for the recognition of business entities as bankrupt by tax authorities. Originality/Value: State policy to prevent the bankruptcy of business entities in the sectors most affected by the COVID-19 restrictions significantly affects the number of bankruptcies of business entities due to the pandemic. In this regard, measures to prevent mass bankruptcy of entrepreneurs are an important factor in maintaining the stability of the state's economy. ; peer-reviewed