Suchergebnisse

Strategic Nonviolent Power proposes that the route to what Mohandas Gandhi described as "the undreamt of and seemingly impossible discoveries" of nonviolent resistance is the application of science. After reviewing the history and theory of nonviolent struggles against oppression, Mattaini then explores principles of behavioral systems science that appear to underlie effective strategic civil resistance and "people power

Replies to Hugh Murray's views on race & social science (1995) [see abstract 9610092]). Murray's argument is criticized for producing an ad hominem critique of affirmative action programs; thus, a retributive ad hominem response is employed. Although Murray suggests that African American support for the radical ideologies promulgated by the Nation of Islam are dangerous, it is suggested that only majorities have the power to terrorize & subjugate minority groups. Murray's insistence that race is a nonproblematic issue reducible to biological difference is considered, & it is contended that Murray is practicing weak social science. It is noted that the advancements achieved by African civilizations during the period of European exploration & imperialization could easily have produced theories of African intellectual superiority, rather than inferiority, in contrast to Europeans. Now, however, millions of individuals continue to experience the denigration of the European assumption of blacks' intellectual inferiority on a daily basis. It is concluded that Murray's claim of racial agnosticism is merely a disclaimer to conceal his misguided racism. J. W. Parker

Sociology and the Catholic social movement in an independent Irish state -- Facing facts: the empirical turn of Irish Catholic sociology in the 1950s -- US aid and the creation of an Irish scientific research infrastructure -- The institutionalisation of Irish social research -- Social research and state planning -- Conclusion.

Since the linguistic turn in Frankfurt School critical theory during the 1970s, philosophical concerns have become increasingly important to its overall agenda, at the expense of concrete social-scientific inquiries. At the same time, each of the individual social sciences especially economics and psychology, but also political science and sociology have been moving further and further away from the challenge key representatives of the so-called first generation of Frankfurt School critical theorists (Adorno, Horkheimer, and Marcuse) identified as central to the promise and responsibility of social science: to illuminate those dimensions of modern societies that prevent the reconciliation of facts and norms. As professional disciplines, each individual social science, and even philosophy, is prone to ignoring both the actuality and the relevance for research of alienation and reification as the mediating processes that constitute the reference frames for critical theory. Consequently, mainstream social-scientific research tends to progress in the hypothetical: we study the social world as if alienation, reification, and more recent incarnations of those mediating processes had lost their shaping forcewhile, in the context of globalization, their manifestations are ever more apparent, and tangible. The chapters included in this volume of "Current Perspectives in Social Theory" highlight the problematic nature of mainstream perspectives, and the growing need to reaffirm how the specific kind of critique the early Frankfurt School theorists advocated is not less, but far more important today. Contributions examine the links between political geographies and globalization; Marxism and public sociology; anti-Semitic workers and Jewish stereotypes; governmental rationality and state power; restricted eros and contemporary politics; Marcuse and the psycho-politics of transformation; contemporary theory and consumer society; and the theory of C. Wright Mills. This book includes nine chapters from some of the most respected personalities in the field and a broad and diverse look at social science and critical theory.

Das Arbeitspapier "Dienstleistungsforschung und Dienstleistungspolitik" hat sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, einen Überblick zu aktuellen internationalen (vor allem angloamerikanischen) Studien zur Dienstleistungsforschung zu geben. Dabei werden zwei Schwerpunkte gesetzt, die jeweils unterschiedliche disziplinäre und theoretische Traditionen zusammenfassen: Während sich die service science primär für die Frage interessiert, wie in der systematischen Integration ökonomischer und technologischer Kompetenzen unter Einbezug von Marketingperspektiven innovative Dienstleistungen zur Marktfähigkeit gebracht werden können, interessiert sich die service-work-Forschung unter Rückgriff auf kritisch-sozialwissenschaftliche Theorieansätze vor allem für die Arbeitsbedingungen von Dienstleistungsbeschäftigten am unteren Ende der beruflichen Statushierarchie. Aus beiden Teilsträngen der Dienstleistungsforschung lassen sich Folgerungen für die Weiterentwicklung von Dienstleistungspolitik ziehen. Diese Folgerungen werden im abschließenden Kapitel des Arbeitspapiers zur Diskussion gestellt

Mit diesem Beitrag bieten wir einen Überblick über "performative Sozialwissenschaft", d.h. die Nutzung unterschiedlichster Ausdrucksformen aus Malerei, Dichtung, Theater, Musik, Tanz, Fotografie usw. für wissenschaftliche Projekte. Performative Sozialwissenschaft befindet sich in einem noch frühen Entwicklungsstadium; die wesentlichen Arbeiten sind erst innerhalb der letzten beiden Jahrzehnte erschienen. Ausgehend von einer zumeist sozial-konstruktionistischen Metatheorie wendet sich dieser Ansatz gegen eine realistische Repräsentationsidee und experimentiert stattdessen mit Formen, die für die Konstruktion sozialwissenschaftlich relevanter Welten bedeutungsvoll sein können. Performativer Sozialwissenschaft unterliegt zumeist eine dramaturgische Orientierung, die werthaltige, emotional besetzte Themen und Präsentationen umfasst, ebenso Fragen sozialer Gerechtigkeit und eine dezidiert politische Perspektive. Von besonderem Interesse sind transdisziplinäre Arbeiten und die Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaft und Kunst.

Science-based firms (SBFs) are venture or corporation based on the development and commercialization of scientific discoveries that are exposed to the unique challenge to handle together business and science. Despite extensive efforts in the attempt to identify those factors that lead to the success of an SBFs the adoption of different definitions and names resulted in a lack of comprehensive picture on the determinants of SBFs' performances. With the objective to review the extant literature on SBFs' performances and to understand what are the most appropriate parameters to evaluate an SBF, a systematic literature review adopting a comprehensive definition of SBFs was performed. The review, adopting an integrative approach, identified 30 papers published in top journals whose research questions deal with the determinants of SBFs' performances. Findings showed that determinants widely used such as net income within profitability measures, do not fully reflect SBFs performances and innovation abilities should be further investigated. Moreover, preconceived factors such as location and size have low or no impact on SBFs which opens the debate for more investigation. Also, the review identifies a comprehensive and multi-level set of determinants which allows delineating a number of research questions to be addressed in future research.

THIS PAPER EXAMINES THE REPATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HINDS OF DELEGATE ALLOCATION RULES USED IN DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES, AND THE POWER OF VARIOUS STATES WITHIN THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY. IT DEMONSTRATES THAT THESE RULES ARE OFTEN MORE IMPORTANT THAN A STATES VOTERS IN DETERMINING THE FATE OF PARTICULAR CANDIDATES. IT CLOSES WITH SPECULATION ABOUT THE IMPACT OF THESE TENDENCIES.

There are two rival conceptions of power in modern sociopolitical thought. According to one, all social power reduces to power-over-others. According to another, the core notion is power-to-effect-outcomes, to which even power-over reduces. This article defends seven theses. First, agential social power consists in a relation between agent and outcomes (power-to). Second, not all social power reduces to power-over and, third, the contrary view stems from conflating power-over with a distinct notion: power-despite-resistance. Fourth, the widespread assumption that social power presupposes the capacity to overcome resistance is false: social power includes the capacity to effect outcomes with others' assistance. Fifth, power-with can be exercised via joint intentional action, strategic coordination and non-strategic coordination. Sixth, agential social power is best analysed as a capacity to effect outcomes, with the assistance of others, despite the resistance of yet others. Seventh, power-over and power-with are not mutually exclusive: each can ground the other.