Suchergebnisse

La crise contemporaine de la vie rurale et agricole c'est produite simultanément avec une crise de la pensée et de la recherche critique: une analyse basée sur l'engagement à créer une société plus rationelle, démocratique et égalitaire. L'économie politique, le paradigme prédominant, a contribuée de façon importante à l'identification et à l'analyse des méchanismes économiques sur lesquels se développent la crise sociale. Mais celui‐ci n'a tenu aucun compte d'enquêter sur la façon dont une crise est vécue par ceux qui en sont le plus touchés, et sur les perspectives de changement queue crise du genre peut offrir. Ceci est due d'un côtéà la nature des hypothèses théoriques de l'économie politique, ainsi que sur la façon dont les économistes politiques utilisent les méthodes des sondages dans leurs travaux empiriques. En utilisant les ressources offertes par la theorie sociale et les résultats de recherche primaire et empirique, cet article suggère de nouvelles directions pour la recherche critique de la vie rurale. Nous expliquons que ce genre de recherche devrait devenir plus hermaneutique et phénoménologique dans le but de concentrer sur les perceptions, l'analyse personnelle et les activités de ceux qui vivent dans les milieux ruraux, surtout lorsque ceux‐ci essaient de préserver leurs communautés contre l'influence de l'extérieur. II n'est plus nécessaire, de présumer que les chercheur(e)s et leur sujets doivent demeurer détachés si la recherche est sérieusement scientifique et érudite. Cet article considère certaines implications théoriques, empiriques et historiques qu'apporte cet argument.The contemporary crisis in agriculture and rural life has been paralleled by a crisis in critical thinking and research: analysis informed by the commitment to a more rational, democratic and egalitarian society. Political economy, the currently dominant critical paradigm, has made important contributions to the identification and analysis of the economic mechanisms through which social crisis develops. But it has by and large failed to probe both the ways in which crisis is actually experienced by people enduring it and the real possibilities for change that a crisis situation might offer. This failure stems both from the nature of the theoretical assumptions which inform political economy and the manner in which political economists deploy methods of survey research in their empirical work. Using both the resources of social theory and the results of empirical, primary research, this paper attempts to suggest new directions for critical research into rural life. J t argues that this research should adopt a more explicitly hermeneutical and phenomenological focus which should put the perceptions, self‐understandings and activities of rural people themselves, particularly as they strive to preserve their communities against outside forces, more fully at the centre of analysis. No longer should it be assumed that researchers and those studied must remain separate if research is to be truly scholarly and scientific. The paper addresses some possible theoretical, empirical and historical

The growth of scientific interest in the study of political elites is accompanied by the expansion of theoretical and methodological discussions. The variety of methodological apparatus and methodological approaches used in elitological research requires a comprehensive analysis. Based on the study of an array of publications, the interdisciplinarity of elitology in general and the phenomenon of political elites in particular is determined. It is shown that the subjectivity of political elites, their properties, development trends are revealed through the application of interdisciplinary methodology. The levels of interdisciplinary methodology are highlighted in order to ensure the completeness and consistency of the study of political elites. The proposed approach can be used to study various aspects of the formation and functioning of political elites.

In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst aufgezeigt, wie die Grounded Theory Methodologie (GTM) in einem Entwicklungsland implementiert und verbreitet wird/werden kann. Dabei werden aktuelle Aktivitäten und einige Hindernisse diskutiert, die Forschenden in einem solchen Prozeß begegnen (können). Danach wird die GTM kurz vorgestellt und es werden Verweise auf Webseiten, Online-Artikel, Mailinglisten usw. gegeben.

The possibilities of the method of ecological-phytocenotic profiles in the study of roadside vegetation are tracked. Its advantages are noted: it increases the representativeness of geobotanical relevés, allows to make an objective comparative analysis of the state of phytocenoses, their components, ecotopes in spatiotemporal relationship.Ecological and phytocenological studies carried out along roads and railways show, firstly, the regional features of flora, and secondly, the specifics of the ecosystem belonging of species and phytocenoses. The degree of synanthropization of vegetation in all exposures ("notch", "zero mark" and "mound") naturally decreases from extremely high near the road to the minimum at a distance of 50 m or more from the road path. At the same time the highest rates and the sharpest decrease in synanthropization are observed in the "mound" exposition in closed floodplain and swampy ecosystems, as well as in the "notch" exposition in the forest ecosystem. These changes in the forest ecosystem are somewhat lower in the expositions "mound" and "zero mark". Forest acts as a barrier. The amplitude of the distribution of anthropophytes along the profile is generally small in open meadows and in agroecosystems. The impact of mound slopes, the direction of roads and railways on the intensity of synanthropization of vegetation, including the penetration of invasive species, was found.

Для Японии характерна приоритетная роль во внешнеполитическом процессе исполнительной власти, а внутри нее - отдельных ведомств, ведущих между собой постоянное соперничество, при относительной слабости координирующей роли кабинета министров. Вместе с тем все большее воздействие оказывает в последнее время общественное мнение страны, что во многом связано с усилением значения популизма как важного политического ресурса действующей власти.

This volume packages the reading reseach methodology chapters from the HANDBOOK OF READING RESEARCH, VOLUME III. Intended as a text for upper undergraduate and graduate level reading research methods courses and as a resource for scholars in the field.&