Suchergebnisse

This article aims to study how Norwegian county governors (CGs) performed their coordination tasks shortly after the lockdown in March by emphasizing the use of the County Emergency Council (CEC) as a meeting arena for coordination in times of crisis management more generally and the challenges the CGs had to face in this particular situation. We ask (1) what kind of meeting arena is the CEC and (2) how does the CEC as a meeting arena facilitate coordination at this level of government? In order to analyze the dynamics of the CEC meetings, we will refer to two theoretical approaches, i.e., meetings science and coordination. The present study is based upon an exploratory research strategy to analyze how the CGs responded to the challenges and performed coordination through the CEC. We found that the CEC meetings could be seen as hybrids of organization, institution and network, and even a network of networks, where several CG offices established thematic networks. These smaller networks have the advantage of establishing personal relationships more easily than the larger networks; however, they may lack the comprehensive overview that is necessary in a crisis that cuts across sectors.

Transboundary protected areas consist of clearly defined protected areas which are connected across one or more international boundaries and involve cooperation between multiple countries. The number of transboundary protected areas has experienced a dramatic increase in recent decades, and there are currently over 200 transboundary conservation initiatives worldwide. However, relatively few transboundary protected areas have been established for marine environments. Transboundary conservation approaches are integral to managing marine areas due to migratory species and issues like marine pollution and over-exploitation often crossing political boundaries. The development of transboundary marine protected areas (TBMPAs) may strengthen management and conservation by facilitating increased international sharing of information, resources, and strategies. Due to the small number of TBMPAs, there is limited literature research into how these protected areas can be effectively coordinated and managed, greatly inhibiting the opportunities for conservation and sustained use of these marine resources. My research project aims to contribute to these gaps in knowledge by exploring perceptions of how marine protected areas management are coordinated in the Sulu-Sulawesi seascape, between Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. By broadening the understanding of perceived management efficacy and concern, future management strategies may better maximize transboundary marine protected area conservation, while also better addressing and adapting to socio-economic and governance needs. My study includes two primary research phases. Phase 1 involves a policy analysis of national-level marine and conservation policies related to the Sulu-Sulawesi region. This analysis aims to explore the degree of similarities and differences between policies regarding marine and MPA management for Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The review will help better understand how consistent the policies between the countries are in their goals, restrictions, processes, and potential outcomes. Since inconsistent regulations of a common resource and varying legal frameworks can pose a challenge to transboundary governance, policy analysis findings may help increase understanding of barriers to successful coordination and management in the Sulu-Sulawesi seascape. This analysis may also reveal policy similarities that could provide windows of opportunity for increased collaboration and co-management. Phase 2 will utilize semi-structured interviews to explore perceptions of transboundary coordination in the Sulu-Sulawesi seascape. An initial sample list of leaders and stakeholders has been developed by myself and informed by contacts through a European Commission project that aims to facilitate the creation of TBMPA(s) in the area. Chain-referral sampling methods are also being utilized to find additional conservation stakeholders to interview at various scales (international, national, and regional). Through my thesis research I aim to increase understanding of transboundary marine protected area management concerns and perceptions of international coordination, as transboundary protected areas in a marine setting are relatively emergent and under studied. In assessing how coordination may be strengthened in Sulu-Sulawesi, I hope to contribute to a better understanding of this region's management needs, strengths, and weaknesses. Increasing understanding and assessment of stakeholder perceptions of management may also serve to aid other networks of transboundary protected areas beyond the Sulu-Sulawesi Seascape.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Regional Economic Development and Socio-economic Change in Northern Ontario -- 3. Administering Regional Development Policy in Socio-economically Disadvantaged Regions -- 4. Results Measurement and Economic Development in Northern Ontario -- 5. First Nations Inclusion: A Key Requirement to Building the Northern Ontario Economy -- 6. A Historic Overview of Policies Aff ecting Non-Aboriginal Development in Northwestern Ontario, 1900‒1990 -- 7. Destiny Delayed? Turning Mineral Wealth into Sustainable Development -- 8. Agri-Food Policy in Northern Ontario: Is It Possible to Steward a Local or Regional Agri-Food Economy? -- 9. The Forgotten Industry in the Forgotten North: Tourism Developments in Northern Ontario -- 10. Forest Tenure Systems for Development and Underdevelopment -- 11. Conclusion -- Contributors

This paper discusses the social policy consequences of the exceptional economic decline in Finland in the 1990s. It asks what happened to the Finnish welfare state in these exceptional economic conditions, and consequent political problems. It describes Finland's economic performance in a comparative perspective, studies how government(s) have defined the goals of economic and social policies, and examines how the opinions of the Finns concerning the welfare state have changed during the recession. It also looks at the welfare outcomes, focusing on income levels, income distribution, poverty and social and health services. The results suggest that Finnish households have suffered economic losses which are smaller than the decline in the GDP would predict. The findings show that equivalent income distribution and relative poverty levels have not changed during the recession. The income losses of the recession have been spread relatively evenly, and the redistribution of the welfare state has been an important tool. Finally, it is argued that the explanatory factors of the growth vis-a-vis the retrenchment of the welfare state (or the lack of it) are different. Once established, structures and institutions of the welfare state can work as powerful tools even when economic and political conditions are difficult.

Ausgangspunkt der Technologiediskussion ist die Ernährungskrise, verbunden mit gesunkener pro-Kopf-Produktion an Nahrungsmitteln, rasant gestiegenen Kosten für Nahrungsmittelimporte und hoher Auslandsverschuldung. Pläne zur Veränderung der Situation wie der 1979 beschlossene "Lagos Plan of Action" erfordern besondere Investitionen in Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie. Kritisiert werden falsche Vorstellungen über Technologietransfer und die Mißachtung der Interdependenz technischer, wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Faktoren. (DÜI-Wsl)

Following recent theoretical contributions, this article suggests a new approach to finding the governance in Internet governance. Studies on Internet governance rely on contradictory notions of governance. The common understanding of governance as some form of deliberate steering or regulation clashes with equally common definitions of Internet governance as distributed modes of ordering. Drawing on controversies in the broader field of governance and regulation studies, we propose to resolve this conceptual conundrum by grounding governance in mundane activities of coordination. We define governance as reflexive coordination – focusing on those 'critical moments', when routine activities become problematic and need to be revised, thus, when regular coordination itself requires coordination. Regulation, in turn, can be understood as targeted public or private interventions aiming to influence the behaviour of others. With this distinction between governance and regulation, we offer a conceptual framework for empirical studies of doing Internet governance.