Suchergebnisse

There are over 3 million Negro teen-agers in the US, 75% of whom live in the South. Their position in the Amer soc structure is decisively conditioned by race, inferiority, deprivation & youthfulness. Within Negro society they are differentiated into high-prestige & low-prestige categories on the basis of contrasting cultural heritages. Negro teen-age culture is a melange of general adolescent patterns & unique ethnic practices. 2 modes of aggression tend to distinguish this group: low-prestige youths exhibit unusual personal aggression; & the Coll teen-agers have created the racial protest movement. Racial protest takes several forms & constitutes one of the most positive elements of current US teen-age culture. Future developments, like current manifestations, are likely to be conditioned by soc trends already in evidence. Among other things there will be measurable increase of the protest theme. AA.

Teen-age (TA) culture is a product of affluence: we can afford to keep a large pop in Sch through HSch. The TA culture of younger adolescents is characteristically Lc, that of older TA's, UMc. The material traits of TA culture include certain kinds of clothes, automobiles, & the paraphernalia of sports & recreation. TA's constitute an important market for advertisings. Nonmaterial culture traits include a special language & great emphasis on fun & popularity. Popular songs reflect their preoccupation with love in its various stages. Pol'al concern is not characteristic of TA culture, but when asked for opinions, they reflect those of their class backgrounds. Class pervades all aspects of TA culture & in their society a substantial proportion are alienated, outsiders, rejected. At the Coll level, the old `rah-rah' culture is giving way to more serious vocational & academic cultures. If this trend continues, TA culture may end with HSch graduation; at the Coll level, young people will be more adult. At the same time, however, it appears that children enter TA culture at an earlier age. As long as we can afford to support a large leisure class of youngsters, TA culture in some form or other will continue. AA.

Gossip is not only a guilty pleasure; it is also an important tool of social control. Nowhere is this more evident than in the nineteenth‐century gentlemen's clubs of London. This article looks at the private lives of elite men whose gossip helped shape class and gender ideals. Archival documents, private memoirs and periodical literature provide both an insider and outsider vision of a very private world. Looking at how men gossiped points to codes of gentlemanly behaviour, the importance of homosocial life, and the place of oral culture in a modern, literate age.

It is unclear whether subclinical autistic traits at very young age are transient or stable, and have clinical relevance. This study investigated the relationship between early subclinical autistic traits and the occurrence of later developmental and behavioural problems as well as problems in cognitive and language functioning. Parents of infants aged 14–15 months from the general population completed the Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire (ESAT). Three groups of children with high, moderate, and low ESAT-scores (total n = 103) were selected. Follow-up assessments included the CBCL 1½–5 at age 3 years, and the SCQ, the ADI-R, the ADOS-G, a non-verbal intelligence test, and language tests for comprehension and production at age 4–5 years. None of the children met criteria for autism spectrum disorder at follow-up. Children with high ESAT-scores at 14–15 months showed significantly more internalizing and externalizing problems at age 3 years and scored significantly lower on language tests at age 4–5 years than children with moderate or low ESAT-scores. Further, significantly more children with high ESAT-scores (14/26, 53.8%) than with moderate and low ESAT-scores (5/36, 13.9% and 1/41, 2.4%, respectively) were in the high-risk/clinical range on one or more outcome domains (autistic symptoms, behavioural problems, cognitive and language abilities). Subclinical autistic traits at 14–15 months predict later behavioural problems and delays in cognitive and language functioning rather than later ASD-diagnoses. The theoretical implications of the findings lie in the pivotal role of early social and communication skills for the development of self-regulation of emotions and impulses. The practical implications bear on the early recognition of children at risk for behavioural problems and for language and cognitive problems.

The Political Machine investigates the essential role that material culture plays in the practices and maintenance of political sovereignty. Through an archaeological exploration of the Bronze Age Caucasus, Adam Smith demonstrates that beyond assemblies of people, polities are just as importantly assemblages of things--from ballots and bullets to crowns, regalia, and licenses. Smith looks at the ways that these assemblages help to forge cohesive publics, separate sovereigns from a wider social mass, and formalize governance--and he considers how these developments continue to shape politics today. Smith shows that the formation of polities is as much about the process of manufacturing assemblages as it is about disciplining subjects, and that these material objects or "machines" sustain communities, orders, and institutions. The sensibilities, senses, and sentiments connecting people to things enabled political authority during the Bronze Age and fortify political power even in the contemporary world. Smith provides a detailed account of the transformation of communities in the Caucasus, from small-scale early Bronze Age villages committed to egalitarianism, to Late Bronze Age polities predicated on radical inequality, organized violence, and a centralized apparatus of rule. From Bronze Age traditions of mortuary ritual and divination to current controversies over flag pins and Predator drones, The Political Machine sheds new light on how material goods authorize and defend political order.

O ferro (Fe) é um nutriente essencial para as plantas, sendo insubstituível ao metabolismo. Todavia, o aumento em sua concentração leva ao acúmulo de espécies reativas de oxigênio e estresse oxidativo que resultará em prejuízos aos vegetais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito de elevadas concentrações de Fe na germinação e desenvolvimento de Cecropia hololeuca Miq. A espécie foi submetida às concentrações de 0,045, 4 e 8mM aplicados na forma de sulfato ferroso e Fe-EDTA. Foram analisadas a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea, radicular, massa fresca e seca. Para a análise de desenvolvimento foi analisado a área folhar o comprimento do caule, comprimento radicular, massa fresca e seca, os pigmentos cloroplastídeos, fluorescência da clorofila, e análise dos teores de elementos via EDS. Foi verificado a atividade enzimática (SOD, CAT, POX). Ambas as fontes de Fe resultaram em danos à germinação e desenvolvimento. O tratamento com Fe-EDTA mostrou efeitos mais significativos na germinação, crescimento aéreo e radicular e biomassa das sementes. O mesmo tratamento se mostrou mais prejudicial nas plântulas jovens com quedas na clorofila a, crescimento radicular, aéreo, área folhar e biomassa. As plântulas expostas ao Fe apresentaram queda no desempenho fotossintético e no teor de cálcio (Ca) folhar. Não foi observado aumento na atividade da CAT e SOD. A POX apresentou elevação quando submetida ao Fe-EDTA 8mM. Tais resultados evidenciam que a espécie C. hololeuca se mostra sensível a toxidez por ferro, acarretando danos ao metabolismo e crescimento inicial.

Palavras-chave: Embaúba. Estresse. Metal Pesado. Toxidez.
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is as an essential nutrient for plants and is irreplaceable in many metabolic processes. However, the increase in its concentration leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress that will result in damage to plant. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of high Fe concentrations on germination and initial development of Cecropia hololeuca Miq. They were submitted to concentrations of 0.045, 4 and 8mM applied as ferrous sulfate and Fe-EDTA. Germination percentage, germination speed index, shoot length and root, fresh and dry mass were analyzed. For the initial developmental the following variables were analyzed: Leaf area, stem length, root length, fresh and dry mass, chloroplast pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, analysis of element contents via EDS. The activity of enzymes (SOD, CAT, POX) was verified. Both sources of Fe resulted in damage to germination and development. Fe-EDTA treatment showed the most significant negative effects on germination, root and air growth and seed biomass accumulation. The same treatment was more detrimental in the establishment of young seedlings with decreases in chlorophyll a, root growth, aerial growth, leaf area and biomass accumulation. Seedlings exposed to Fe showed a decrease in photosynthetic performance and a decrease in leaf calcium (Ca) content. No increase in CAT and SOD enzymes activity was observed. POX increased its activity when submitted to 8mM Fe-EDTA. These results show that the species C. hololeuca is sensitive when exposed to toxic levels of Fe, causing damage to metabolism and initial growth.

Keywords: Embauba. Stress. Heavy Metal. Toxicity.

"The McDonaldization of Society is George Ritzer's seminal work of critical sociology that updates and applies Max Weber's rationalization thesis to the the late 20th and early 21st century. The central premise of McDonaldization is that the fast food restaurant has become the model for the rationalization process today, creating a system of operation based on efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control that has been adopted across a wide ranges of businesses, organizations, and social institutions"--