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Sheraton

AbstractIn a representative democracy, politicians should either implement policies that voters want or policies that politicians believe are in voters long‐term interest, even if voters currently oppose them. The exact balance between these goals is debatable and politicians' policy engagement can tempt them to dismiss voters' preferences and resist information counter to their own policy position. In this paper, we discuss Sweden's generous migration policy and how it can serve as an example where politicians' policy engagement led them to a overly optimistic view of the implications of welcoming a large influx of refugees. Using detailed, repeated, survey data on members of parliament, we show that Swedish politicians favored a much more generous policy toward accepting refugees than voters for a long period of time. Neither observable factors nor expert knowledge can explain this difference between voters and politicians. A more likely explanations is wishful thinking and policy engagement from politicians that continued until political competition increased.

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Actions Technology Co. Ltd. (formerly Actions (Zhuhai) Technology Co. Ltd.) v Penn Hong and Zhuhai Taixin Semiconductor Co. Ltd

Abstract
Brands have identified the metaverse, Web3 and NFTs as new means of engaging with their consumer base. Digital fashion, in particular, seems to have a bright future ahead. However, novel forms of virtual counterfeits are also on the rise. Brand owners are concerned that their existing trade mark registrations might not provide sufficient protection against infringements in the virtual space. The present article examines whether a likelihood of confusion within the meaning of Art. 9(2)(b) EUTMR can exist where a trade mark registered for physical goods is used almost identically in respect of their virtual counterparts.

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AbstractWe utilize a natural experiment, an education reform increasing compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years in Turkey, to obtain endogeneity‐robust estimates of the effect of male education on the incidence of domestic violence against women. We find that husband's education lowers the probability of physical, emotional, and economic violence. Schooling lowers also the likelihood of having an arranged marriage and makes men less inclined to engage in various socially unacceptable behaviors. We show that these findings are very robust to alternative regression specifications and restricted sample estimation. Finally, we argue that assortative mating implies that the educational outcomes of the two spouses are correlated. Our findings are robust to accounting for the husbands' and wives' education jointly. Moreover, when we separate the two effects, we show that the favorable effect of education can be attributed causally to men's education rather than to the education of their wives.

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Multicaja S.A. v Chilean Competition Tribunal

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