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Despite the emphasis of the European Regional Policy on territorial cohesion, regional disparities have been increasing within Europe in the past years. The metropolitan areas in almost all countries are considerably growing while regions outside of agglomerations are stagnating or even declining. Against this background this book aims to provide an understanding of the underlying processes of polarisation and related regional and local policies. This open access volume contributes to the debates about polarisation and regional development by focussing on questions of spatial justice, power distribution and policy transfer. Theoretical and empirically grounded contributions show that European policies are indeed reproducing socio-spatial inequalities instead of challenging them. The book shows further the existing potentials and limits of individuals, economic, political and civil society actors to respond to polarisation on the regional and local level. In this book conceptual thoughts on polarisation, regional policy and regional development are combined with empirical research and resulting implications for policymaking. As such, it is a valuable source for early career students and researchers as well as professionals in the field of regional and economic development, policy consultants, and policy makers.

"This book is a compelling account of China's response to the increasing numbers of 'foreigners' in its midst, revealing a contradictory picture of welcoming civility, security anxiety and policy confusion. Over the last forty years, China's position within the global migration order has been undergoing a remarkable shift. From being a nation most notable for the numbers of its emigrants, China has increasingly become a destination for immigrants from all points of the globe. What attracts international migrants to China and how are they received once they arrive? This timely volume explores this question in depth. Focusing on such diverse migrant communities as African traders in Guangzhou, Japanese call center workers in Dalian, migrant restaurateurs in Shanghai, marriage migrants on the Vietnamese borderlands, South Korean parents in Beijing, Europeans in Xiamen and Western professionals in Hong Kong, as well as the booming expansion of British and North American English language teachers across the nation, the accounts offered here reveal in intimate detail the motivations, experiences, and aspirations of the diversity of international migrants in China."--

This book examines the role of the cultural factor, and patterns of its interaction with social, economic and political developments, in fostering identity-based new populisms and various forms of political authoritarianism across the globe. Comparing authoritarianism in the Asian and Western context, this book attempts to shed light on the different waysin which new political actors make use of cultural traditions or constructs in order to justify their claims to power and challenge the culture of modernity as understood in the Western world. Lastly, the book focuses on the consequence of these new challenges for multilateral cooperation at regional and global levels, asking the question: is the world going towards fragmentation and anarchy or a pluralist and innovative form of multilateral cooperation? This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of populism and authoritarianism studies, democracy, global governance and more broadly to international relations.

The Basic Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) for the first time provided a framework for the exchange of permanent missions and laid the foundation for expanded bilateral cooperation between the two German states. This book charts the progress of inner-German relations in the formative years of the 1970's and explains how the revival of the German question in the l980's followed from striking changes in East and West German priorities and policies. Dr. Plock assesses the degree of practical cooperation in such areas as trade, travel, and the exchange of media representatives and also identifies the impact of Soviet interests on the inner-German relationship. Dr. Plock notes that despite a clear upgrading in FRG-GDR relations under Chancellors Willy Brandt and Helmut Schmidt, inner-German progress continues to be hostage to the overall East-West political and security climate. Yet the author sees a bipartisan West German commitment to partnership with the GDR as well as East Berlin's pragmatic approach to the relationship as stabilizing features of the European political landscape, even though the goals of future "Deutschlandpolitik" will continue to remain ill-defined.

In this important, thought-provoking, and wide-ranging study, Yasuhiro Nakasone, one of the most highly regarded former prime ministers of Japan, considers what should be Japan's strategic direction in the twenty-first century. Japan is often accused of lacking a vision, being slow to respond to changing circumstances, and then only responding reluctantly, with piecemeal changes. Nakasone, broadly agreeing with this view, considers why things should be so, and goes on to put forward a vision for Japan for the twenty-first century. He emphasises in particular the need for radical change in economic policy, education, defence and science and technology policy, and argues for amendments to the constitution.

Up to a generation ago, the Swiss citizen lived with a feeling of security in foreign relations which we can hardly credit today. Neutrality has come to be taken so much for granted as the fundamental principle of the Federal constitution, and had been so generally recognized in Europe, that it seemed unthreatened and even inviolable. It blended with the republican and democratic ideal to form a national myth of almost religious sanctity. As the axiom of Swiss foreign policy, it had certainly suffered attack both in theory and in fact, but since such crises had always been successfully overcome, Switzerland's faith in the inviolability of her neutrality had merely been confirmed. It was as if the country were girdled with high, protecting ramparts, behind which its people could go about their lawful occasions unmolested. It was in this period of calm in Switzerland's foreign relations that international law assiduously sought a formula for the theory of neutrality.

The author studies affirmative action efforts in four countries: two superpowers - the United States and the Soviet Union - and two non-superpowers - Canada and Hungary. Drawing on his knowledge of diverse societies, the author weighs the evidence to evaluate whether popular pressure for affirmative action is greater in the superpower than in the non-superpower nations. The book presents facts about the nature and historic development of state policy in the advanced capitalist and socialist countries, and raises insights that run counter to the common wisdom.

How can established powers manage the peaceful rise of new great powers? With 'The Struggle for Recognition in International Relations', the author offers a new answer to this perennial question in international relations, arguing that power transitions are principally social phenomena whereby rising powers struggle to obtain recognition of their identity as a great power.

1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Argument and Expectations -- 3 Methodology -- 4 The European Parliament in Legislation -- 5 The European Parliament in the Nomination and Investiture of the Commission -- 6 The European Parliament in the Budgetary Process -- 7 The European Parliament in Economic Governance -- 8 The European Parliament in External Agreements -- 9 Conclusion: European Parliament Ascendant?

1. Introduction -- 2. Extant Studies: The Dominance of Large Cities -- 3. The Case Study Approach to City Analysis -- 4. Quanzhou: Reclaiming a Glorious Past -- 5. From Obscurity to Global Prominence: Yiwu's Emergence as an International Trade Hub -- 6. Nanning: Perils and Promise of a Frontier City -- 7. Comparing Growth and Internationalization Trajectories -- 8. Conclusion

1. General Introduction The 13th Five-Year Plan: Economic Transformation and Structural Reform -- 2. Industrial Change as a Turning Point from Industry Orientation to Service Orientation -- 3. Urbanization as a Turning Point from Scale to Population -- 4. Consumption Pattern as a Turning Point from Material Consumption to Service Consumption -- 5. Opening-up as the Turning Point is Shifting from Goods Trade to Service Trade -- 6. Education Calling for Second Reform -- 7. Establishing a Fair and Sustainable Social Security System -- 8. Promoting Government Reform with a Focus on Regulatory Changes -- 9. Structural Reform with Economic Transformation and Upgrading as the Main Line

Chapter 1 The rise and rise of permitted development in England -- Chapter 2 Deregulation, neoliberalism and the planning system -- Chapter 3 The planning context for office-to-residential change of use -- Chapter 4 Understanding office-to-residential permitted development -- Chapter 5 Overview of office-to-residential conversion in England and our case studies -- Chapter 6 The Camden story: threatening the creative economy? -- Chapter 7 The Croydon story: slums of the future? -- Chapter 8 The Leeds story: city centre students and industrial estate living -- Chapter 9 The Leicester story: positive reuse or threatening an emerging private rental sector? -- Chapter 10 The Reading story: loss of affordable housing in the vibrant South East? -- Chapter 11 Alternative approaches to governing change of use: Scotland and the Netherlands -- Chapter 12 Conclusions and implications for future practice

PART I – GLOBALISATION OF ANTI-APARTHEID -- Humanitarians, Human Rights and Anti-Apartheid; Rob Skinner -- 'We the people of the United Nations': The UN and the Global campaigns against Apartheid; Anna Konieczna -- From the theory to practice of liberation : Fanon, May '68 and the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa; Namara Burki -- PART II - SOLIDARITIES -- Cuba and apartheid; Adrien Delmas -- Race, Socialism and Solidarity: Anti-Apartheid in Eastern Europe; Paul Betts, James Mark, Idesbald Goddeeris and Kim Christiaens -- PART III - LEVERS AND NETWORKS -- 'Yusuf Dadoo, India and South Africa's liberation struggle'; Arianna Lissoni -- Anti-Apartheid Goes to Brussels: Forms of Transnational Cooperation between the Anti-Apartheid Movements of the European Community Countries, 1977-1992; Lorenzo Ferrari -- Afro-Asian Solidarity and the Anti-apartheid Movement in Japan; Kumiko Makino -- Solidarity or Anti-Apartheid? The Polish opposition and South Africa, 1976-1989; Idesbald Goddeeris and Kim Christiaens -- Anti-Apartheid, Decolonization and Transnational Solidarity: the Namibian case; Chris Saunders -- Index

Chapter 1 Social Role, Strategic Profiles and Management Tools of Foundations -- Chapter 2 The First Survey on the "Governance" of Foundations: The Original Model -- Chapter 3 The Second Survey on the Governance and Actions to Support Strategic Philanthropy: The Integrated Model -- Chapter 4 Data on Governance and Strategy of Italian Foundations -- Chapter 5 A Virtuous Symbiosis: Determinism and Solidarity in the Strategic Action of Foundations -- Chapter 6 Conclusions