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PART I. Authority -- Chapter 1. Reading Hobbes as a Theorist of Anarchy and Authority -- Chapter 2. Authority and the Problem of Political Philosophy -- PART II. Anarchy -- Chapter 3. The State of Nature in The Elements -- Chapter 4. The State of Nature in De Cive -- Chapter 5. The State of Nature in Leviathan -- PART III. Hobbes's Theory of International Relations -- Chapter 6. Hobbes and the International Anarchy -- Chapter 7. Hobbesian Internationalism: Hobbes Meets Kant -- Chapter 8. Challenges: Globalisation and the Resurgence of Private Authority

This book provides a unique and comprehensive global overview of international tax disputes on double tax conventions, thereby filling a gap in the area of tax treaty case law. It covers the 37 most important tax treaty cases which were decided in 2015 around the world. The systematic structure of each case allows easy and efficient comparison of the varying application and interpretation of tax treaties in different regimes. With the continuously increasing importance of tax treaties, Tax Treaty Case Law around the Globe 2016 is a valuable reference tool for anyone interested in tax treaty case law. This book is of interest to tax practitioners, multinational enterprises, policymakers, tax administrators, judges and academics.

Prognose über die wirtschaftliche Zukunft Hongkongs vor dem Hintergrund der sino-britischen Deklaration vom 19.12.1984. Der Autor glaubt an eine Weiterexistenz der Freien Marktwirtschaft nach 1997 in Hongkong aufgrund der jetzigen Reformpolitik der VR China, der Präsenz des wirtschaftlich starken Taiwan, des Drucks der internationalen öffentlichen Meinung und der Möglichkeit internationaler Sanktionen. (DÜI-Mül)

Recent studies have focused on the role of Official Development Assistance (ODA) in financing infrastructural projects and rural development programmes. This study contributes to this literature by demonstrating how Japanese and Filipino aid authorities facilitate a Japanese-ODA-funded Farm-to-Market Road (FMR) subproject as a solution aiming to achieve overall poverty reduction and rural economic growth in the Philippines. Drawing on Foucault's governmentality, the paper analyses processes and interactions within the management stages of the FMR subproject. It examines the impact of the completed FMR among agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs). It argues that while the FMR fostered mutual understanding and beneficial relationships among aid authorities, more significant advantages were accrued by the non-poor sector. Consequently, ARBs clamour for further support to maximize FMR benefits.

Against the backdrop of the "normative power Europe" (Manners, 2002) thesis, this paper investigates the rule of law crisis in Poland and its implications on private companies' performance and investment decisions. The rule of law plays a crucial role in companies' investment activity, while at the same time is also a central category in the EU's legal and political edifice. These two problems are rarely analysed together as inter-linked realities, which, in fact, they are. The central question of this paper is how the rule of law's deterioration in Poland influences the private investment level in the country's economy and what it might mean for the further political integration of the EU. Among the theories applied were those linked to the institutional approach, i.e., new institutional economics, while among the methods themselves, it was qualitative methods which were used over quantitative methods. It is argued that the political and legal crisis, which has placed Poland in an adversarial position towards the EU, may result in a long-term deterioration of the investment climate in Poland. It may also induce political instability and legal disintegration in the EU.

Schäden und Verluste im Kontext der Klimakrise stellen die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (EZ) vor große Herausforderungen. Sie sind Folgen residualer Klimarisiken, also Risiken, die nach Risikoreduzierung durch Klimaschutz und Maßnahmen zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel verbleiben. Das DEval untersuchte im Rahmen der Evaluierung von Maßnahmen zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel die Instrumente der deutschen EZ im Umgang mit residualen Klimarisiken (Leppert et al., 2021). Dieser Policy Brief zeigt, wie ihre Relevanz und Wirkungen erhöht werden können.

Статья состоит из четырех частей. В первой части анализируется мандат СММ и его ограничения, а также некоторые дебаты о возможных расширениях или альтернативах Миссии. Во второй части освещаются специфический характер и последующие вызовы СММ по сравнению с другими миссиями ОБСЕ. В третьей части обсуждается вопрос об эффективности деятельности Миссии с разграничением позитивных и критических оценок наблюдателей с течением времени. В четвертой и последней части приводится краткий анализ влияниятрех основных участников конфликта - Российской Федерации, Украины и представителей двух донбасских де-факто образований (т. н. "ДНР" и "ЛНР") - на деятельность СММ. В заключении мы извлекаем некоторые предварительные уроки для будущего подобного рода миссий

The present article is an analysis of Romanian-Russian relations from December 1989 to now. The author's conclusion is that Romania's initiatives have always been in counterstep with all the other states in the region in relation to Russia. Donald Trump's presidency, as it hints at a possible radical change in Washington's relationship to Russia, forces Romania to rethink its bilateral relationship with Russia, depending on future developments. The author analyzes the factors that will influence decisions made by Bucharest in relation to Moscow over the next several years.